Re: [Salon] Brave Old World: Immigration, inequality and intergenerational mobility in the US



Not mentioned there is a difference among Britsh settlors in New England because it was settled by the descendents of Germanics who settled in Englad soon after the Romans left. They brought with them there tradiions of common land ownership and town meeting fom of self government. (Today Switzerland is the Gemanic country that most reflects Germanic customs-majority of itslocal governments use the town meeting form of government;and it also uses direct democracy the most.)

The british settlers in the South were products of the elitist Normans and their successors who also displaced the descendents of the Germanics from the land-some of whom fled to US. This displacement was known as the Enclosure Movement that started in the 1200s;but reached zenith in 1700 -1800s. Some descendents of theGermans also started cooperatives in England.


A product of the British elitst mentality is reflected in the elistism that has become pervasive in the US. Americans were conditioned to be elitst where the British were predominant.

 "Policy debates about public education and other policies that serve the low-wage sector often characterize members of the low-wage sector as black even though the low-wage sector is largely white"

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2692634
The American Dual Economy: Race, Globalization, and the Politics of Exclusion

It is not a coincidence that Minnesota pioneered tax base sharing. It is a heavily Nordic influenced states.
Of note: The Germanics/German-speaking  people are of Nordic origin.

Today,the Nordic countries are among the most innovative despite their small size; because of ther skill in networking.

"The Nordic countries of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden have long enjoyed a reputation for being among the most business-friendly locations for innovation-oriented enterprises. This holds true for mature global companies as well as SMEs and startups. The Finnish startup ecosystem, for example, is often described as the most attractive in Europe and, indeed, Finland hosts Slush, perhaps the world´s most famous annual startup event and community.
In 2020 two of the most important annual innovation reports listed Nordic countries at the top of European and global rankings.

...
Only five EU countries scored a sufficient number of cumulative points to be considered innovation leaders, the top 3 of which are the Nordic countries of Sweden (153 points), Finland (152 points) and Denmark (146 points). Each of these countries achieved scores that are higher than the IP5 group comprising China, the United States, Japan, South Korea and the European Union (EU average).

The scores were determined by evaluating in detail the following ten “innovation dimensions” which are listed in Table 1 of the EIS report:

  1. Human resources (new doctorate graduates, population aged 25-34 with tertiary education, lifelong learning)
  2. Attractive research systems (international scientific co-publications, foreign doctorate students)
  3. Innovation-friendly environment (broadband penetration, opportunity-driven entrepreneurship)
  4. Finance and support (R&D expenditure in the public sector, venture capital expenditures)
  5. Firm investments (R&D expenditure in the business sector, non-R&D innovation expenditures, enterprises providing training to develop or upgrade ICT skills of their personnel)
  6. Innovators (SMEs with product or process innovations, SMEs with marketing or organizational innovations, SMEs innovating in-house)
  7. Linkages (innovative SMEs collaborating with others, public-private co-publications, private copublications, private co-funding of public R&D expenditures)
  8. Intellectual assets (PCT applications, trademark applications, design applications)
  9. Employment assets (employment in knowledge-intensive activities, employment in fast-growing enterprises of innovative sectors)
  10. Sales impacts (medium and high-tech product exports, knowledge-intensive services exports, sales of new-to-market and new-to-firm product innovations)
https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=d9fc416a-d45f-4bf2-a3ac-d11d20b4c775#:~:text=Only%20five%20EU%20countries%20scored,and%20Denmark%20(146%20points).
End-of-year innovation review: Nordic countries dominate 2020 rankings

On Saturday, August 13, 2022 at 12:20:27 PM GMT+5, Mayraj Fahim <fmayraj@yahoo.com> wrote:


Brave Old World: Immigration, inequality and intergenerational mobility in the US

There are striking regional variations in economic opportunity across the US. This column proposes a historical explanation for this, showing that local levels of income equality and intergenerational mobility in the US resemble those of the European countries that current inhabitants trace their origins from. The findings point to the persistence of differences in local culture, norms, and institutions.


This archive was generated by a fusion of Pipermail (Mailman edition) and MHonArc.