[Salon] China’s Belt and Road reaches Iraq



China’s Belt and Road reaches Iraq

Summary: as America continues to withdraw from the Middle East, China sees opportunities and has moved adeptly into Iraq with commitments to build infrastructure that will help get the country out of its energy crisis.

A report released 2 February by the Green Finance & Development Center reveals that though China’s spending on its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has somewhat slowed as a result of the economic impact of COVID, in the Middle East and North Africa the opposite is in fact the case. BRI construction investment in MENA in 2021 leapt by 360% and contracts by 116% from 2020 levels, mostly in energy and transport infrastructure.

The big winner was Iraq with US$10.5 billion worth of BRI investment. The study noted that Iraq is now China’s third-largest partner in energy projects after Pakistan and Russia.


CITIC Construction won the bid last year for Al-Khairat thermal power Power Plant in Iraq, valued at $2.85 billion

More than US$5 billion is earmarked for construction in two phases of Al Khairat heavy oil power plant in Karbala province. The plant will generate 3,200 MW provided by 8 power generating units each producing 400 MW. The Chinese company  CITIC Construction won the contract. The company had previously built the 840 MW Maisan gas power plant in Al Amarah in southern Iraq. The plant is due to be fully operational at the beginning of this year.

In another big  project the Chinese energy giant Sinopec is partnering with Iraq’s state-owned Midland Oil company to develop the Mansuriya gas field northeast of the capital Baghdad. The field is expected to generate 300 million cubic feet of gas per day which will be used to feed power stations in the capital Baghdad and in Diyala Province.

Iraqis have been plagued by power shortages for nearly two decades, ever since the 2003 US-led invasion to overthrow Saddam Hussein. The country suffered through its hottest summer on record in 2020 and last year was little better with temperatures hovering at 50 degrees Celsius. The misery of ordinary Iraqis was compounded by repeated outages leaving millions without electricity and air conditioning.

As climate change inexorably drives up the temperature Iraq urgently needs to resolve its energy crisis. The  oil-rich country is currently producing approximately 18 gigawatts, well short of the 28 gigawatts it requires under normal conditions. The government of Prime Minister Mustafa al-Kadhimi was pushing for nuclear power plants with an ambitious scheme to build 8 reactors at a cost of US$40 billion to resolve the crisis.  Exploratory talks with Russia’s Rosatom Corp.  were carried out last year and an MOU signed. The head of the Iraqi Radioactive Sources Regulatory Authority said it was  also considering South Korea’s Kepco as a potential partner (though the company when contacted by Al Jazeera said no one from the authority had been in touch nor had the company been asked to work on any projects.)

And as the analyst Omar al-Nidawi points out building nuclear reactors in Iraq is something of a pipe-dream.  He cites four factors that mitigate against the nuclear option. First he notes the cost and the unlikelihood of foreign investors getting involved; next geopolitical realities: neither Israel or the Gulf states would be happy in the least, given Iran’s heavy influence in Iraq and their already great anxiety about Tehran’s nuclear ambitions; then the fact that simply adding more capacity doesn’t deal with transmission and distribution issues that see more than half of the energy produced go missing; and finally he raises Iraq’s lack of technological capabilities and security safeguards.

Al-Nidawi concludes:

Nuclear power works well for a lot of countries, but Iraq is not one of them, at least not yet. The last thing Iraq’s electricity sector needs is to waste precious resources and time on pointless studies and consultants, and worst of all, on the kickbacks and corruption that have become the hallmark of mega government deals.

The Chinese with their commitment to build the heavy oil Al Khairat plant and the Mansuriya gas facilities clearly agree with that analysis. Avoiding the nuclear option, they have moved adeptly to capitalise on the opportunity the Iraqi energy crisis has created. As the Financial Times writes:

Beijing’s efforts to foster deeper economic ties with Iraq, Opec’s second-largest oil producer, coincides with a growing perception among Arab leaders that the US is disengaging from the Middle East.

And with Washington continuing its MENA withdrawal there will be those who reflect on the estimated US$2 trillion spent on the Iraq war and its aftermath - to say nothing of the devastating human costs - and see a bitter irony. China is the beneficiary of America’s grand Iraq folly.


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