Chinese President Xi Jinping’s address at Wednesday’s (October 18) opening ceremony of the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation saw him introduce eight new strategic goals for the BRI – many of them closely tied with Beijing’s goals of attaining “high-quality” growth over the coming years. These are:
Connectivity already exists; however, bottlenecks remain and there is the question of Russia. It is possible that cooperation could arrive in the form of matching part of the EU’s ‘Global Gateway’ programme with the BRI routes at the European end. Key here is cooperation, not competition.
Digitisation is required to speed up transit and cross-border issues; and improve customs efficiencies along all routes. Additionally, some of the Bilateral Investment Treaties, Double Tax Agreements and Free Trade Agreements are outdated in terms of new technologies and these will be improved. Additional new agreements may also be signed.
China has already committed over US$1.1 trillion to the BRI over the past decade, this adds roughly an additional 5% of that total to the widening BRI scope of investment.
The BRICS New Development Bank (NDB) has been concentrating on green investments, this together with new energy tech and China’s need to meet its various environmental goals will now be a key feature of how and where China puts its continuing BRI investments.
Good news for scientific research, Chinese Universities and collaboration with other BRI-affiliated nations. Russia will be a key component part of this.
The development of a cross-border tourism alliance has been in the wings for some time, and especially with Central Asia and the Middle East. Despite Western rhetoric, Beijing has been encouraging Muslim tourism and sees wealth creation amongst its own Muslim population – an estimated 30 million as key to keeping radicalisation at bay. This may result in China becoming an observer member of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation.
China does suffer from negative press, sometimes unfairly so but also as a result of dubious BRI investments made by certain Chinese industries. Exporting cement factories is one example, although Beijing did clamp down on that once the issue became apparent. A refocus on green tech and better monitoring of Chinese ODI to ensure compliance standards are met are likely to be part of this remit.
There is no single BRI office from which to learn of projects. With 152 countries now part of the BRI, this will be a complex institution to set up however would be a welcome information and investment intelligence exchange and make it easier for foreign investors to better understand BRI and BRI connectivity projects they may wish to become involved in.
The Beijing summit attracted over 4,000 delegates from 130 countries, with an estimated US$97.2 billion worth of deals signed across multiple sectors. We will have an updated report on these on Monday. To obtain a complimentary subscription to Silk Road Briefing, please click here.