[Salon] The US and the Huthis



The US and the Huthis

Summary: Western media and politicians mimic Israeli propaganda that the Huthis are Iranian-backed and armed when in fact the most senior Huthi military commanders were armed, trained and financed by the West.

Western media and politicians simply cannot refer to Yemen’s Ansar Allah group, better known as the Huthis, without calling them “Iran-backed”. This serves two purposes, both highly disingenuous. Firstly, it blindly repeats Israeli propaganda that Iran is behind everything anti-Western or anti-Israeli. Secondly, it denies the Huthis agency and implies they mindlessly follow Iranian orders, when in fact as even the staunchly anti-Iranian West Point Combating Terrorism Center concedes:

In terms of Iranian influence over key Huthi strategic decisions—such as entering or leaving ceasefires, or undertaking strategic attacks on Gulf States—there is no reliable data.... Where Iran uses its influence, it may often be to preach caution and the avoidance of over-reach and anecdotal evidence suggests Iran does tend to look nervously on major Huthi offensive actions.

What Western media and political leaders ought to say when mentioning the Huthis is that in fact the group has probably benefited more from Western support over the years than they have from Iran because many of the Huthis’ top military leaders were formerly senior leaders in the Yemeni army which for decades benefited from US assistance, training and technical support.

When President Ali Abdullah Saleh was president of Yemen he enjoyed an extremely cosy military relationship with the US. In 2002, with Saleh’s blessing, up to 100 U.S. military advisers were deployed in Yemen to establish a Counter Terrorism Unit and “train with, assist and advise” Yemen’s elite Republican Guard troops and the Yemeni army. Yet from 2004 to 2010 that same Republican Guard helped fuel the Huthi insurgency by providing the rebels with weapons.

Undeterred, in 2010 the CIA delivered more military assistance to Yemen and provided more counter terrorism training until 2012 when the GCC and UN-backed transitional period began and the Yemeni armed forces and Republican Guard fell into total disarray. Amidst mutinies, desertions and infighting, entire units dissolved with soldiers often taking equipment with them. 80% of the Republican Guard leadership which the US had so diligently trained turned out to be long-time Huthi sympathisers and 60% of them were from the Zaydi sect, the branch of Shia Islam practiced by the Huthis.

After the Huthis took Sana’a in 2014 they progressively began swallowing up many of the military forces in Yemen and transferring heavy weaponry to their strongholds. By the summer of 2015 the Huthis had full control over the Republican Guard and many Saleh-era officers had been assimilated into their forces. This amalgamation - a combination of young, ideologically motivated Huthi foot soldiers on the one hand and trained operators of heavy weaponry and advanced equipment on the other hand - proved to be a formidable fighting force, defeating the Saudi-led coalition despite its overwhelming military advantages and airpower.

Today the Huthis continue to use many Western weapons, vehicles and equipment inherited from pre-war Yemeni Army stocks. These include ballistic and anti-ship guided missiles, as well as US made RQ-11 Raven ''Raqeep'' Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, US M60 tanks, British Alvis Saladin armoured cars, French AML-90 self-propelled guns, US M113 armoured personnel carriers, French Panhard M3 VTT armoured personnel carriers and much more.


Huthi Defence Minister Major-General Mohamed Nasser Al-Atifi in a captured US Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected vehicle in 2019 [photo credit: Ansar Allah]

Interestingly, when the Huthis took over Saleh’s military they chose not to make sweeping changes and kept much of the same geographic command structure and nomenclature. Huthi senior military commanders still wear formal Yemeni army uniforms and obey rank conventions, for instance not wearing red staff ‘tabs’ (epaulettes) if they have not attended staff college.

Senior Huthi military commanders who were once senior figures in Ali Abdullah Saleh’s Western-backed military include, most notably, the current Huthi Minister of Defence, Major General Mohammed al-Atifi. He was once President Ali Abdullah Saleh’s most trusted commander, responsible for the elite Missile Batteries Group which controls Yemen’s medium and short-range ballistic missiles. Today he is aiming those same missiles at Israeli, US and UK ships in the Red Sea and is ranked number 7 in the most wanted Huthi list with a $20 million dollar bounty on his head.

Another prominent Huthi leader who was once in Saleh’s army is the Chief of the General Staff Mohammed Abdalkarim al-Ghammari (AKA Hashim al-Ghammari). Born in 1981, al-Ghammari has been a beneficiary of the Ministry of Defence for a long time because after his father died accidentally in a fire while serving in the MoD al-Ghammari was awarded an honorary rank. He is regarded as the power behind the defence minister’s throne and also holds another key position in Huthi high command as Military Regions Official whose role is engaging directly with the regional commanders, tracking their needs and allocating “enablers’’ in fields including drones, missiles, intelligence capabilities, armour, and artillery.

In 2021 the U.S. Treasury assessed:

As the Head of the General Staff of the Huthi armed forces, the most senior commander within the Huthi military leadership structure, Al-Ghammari is directly responsible for overseeing Huthi military operations that have destroyed civilian infrastructure and (attacked) Yemen’s neighbours, specifically Saudi Arabia and the UAE. He directs the procurement and deployment of various weapons, including improvised explosive devices, ammunition, and UAVs [Unmanned Aerial Vehicles]. Al-Ghammari has also overseen Huthi UAV and missile attacks against Saudi Arabian targets.

Other former high-ranking Saleh soldiers turned Huthi commanders include Abdullah Yahya al Hakim AKA Abu Ali, who played a pivotal role in the Huthi consolidation of power and has also been sanctioned by the UN; Major General Mohammed al-Miqdad whose operations room at the Defence Ministry tracks the frontlines and movements of enemy forces; and Major General Zakaria Yahya al-Shami whose key role in the takeover of Sana’a led to him being appointed as deputy chief of staff of the Huthi armed forces. He later became the Huthi minister of transport.

Although Western analysts and media never mention it, the Huthi war effort has also been bolstered by unknown numbers of senior Saudi military defectors who have also been trained by the US and the UK, such as Sgt Major Dakheel Al Qahtani who before he went to Yemen to fight the Saudis was a senior non-commissioned officer in Saudi Air Defence and was decorated twice for heroism in the Gulf War.

The painful truth is that when it comes to anti-colonial struggles and liberation movements it is the norm that the West’s most trusted military and political allies took the weapons and the training - with powerful members of their armed forces secretly awaiting the opportunity to use the weapons against the occupiers - to become the West’s most potent foes. In Iraq, Somalia, Afghanistan, Algeria and beyond Western forces have always found their most dangerous opponents were actually trained and armed by the West itself. In Egypt, the most effective jihadist leaders like Saif al-Adel and Hisham al-Ashmawy were commanders in the special forces which work hand in glove with the US military. And the last time the British were defeated by the Yemenis in 1967 they were staggered to find when they came to hand over power to FLOSY [Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen] that the incoming government included Yemenis who not only did they already know personally, but that up until that very moment they had believed were their most reliable and trustworthy allies.

So next time you hear Western media and politicians describe the Huthis as Iran-backed, think again. “US-armed Huthis” may be a more accurate moniker.


Members can leave comments about this newsletter on the Today's Newsletter page of the Arab Digest website
follow us on TwitterLinkedIn and Facebook

Copyright © 2024 Arab Digest, All rights reserved.
You are receiving this email as you are subscribed to the Arab Digest.
Our mailing address is:
Arab Digest
3rd Floor
207 Regent Street
London, W1B 3HH
United Kingdom



 To unsubscribe from this list email editor@arabdigest.org


This archive was generated by a fusion of Pipermail (Mailman edition) and MHonArc.