[Salon] Egypt's Unrest: Protests, Police Brutality, and the Gaza Crisis



Egypt's Unrest: Protests, Police Brutality, and the Gaza Crisis

Summary: amid protests over Egypt's policy toward Gaza and the arrest of a Palestinian student, a group of men stormed an Egyptian security office to demand the Rafah Crossing be opened. Additionally, four men died in police custody, sparking protests and a hunger strike among detainees to protest torture and abuse.

We thank Hossam el-Hamalawy for today’s newsletter, an edited version of his 3Arabawy Egypt Security Sector Report. Hossam is a journalist and scholar-activist, currently based in Germany. He was involved in the Egyptian labour movement and was one of the organisers of the 2011 revolution. You can watch his latest interview with Middle East Eye here. Follow his writings on Substack and X.

Palestine

Amid a wave of direct actions by pro-Palestine activists against Egyptian embassies, initiated by an Egyptian exile in the Netherlands, Sisi stressed in a phone call with the Dutch prime minister on 1 Augustthe necessity of respecting international law and relevant international agreements, which obligate countries to provide security protection for diplomatic missions and not to harm foreign embassies operating on their soil.’

Homeland Security in Mansoura arrested a 21-year-old Palestinian medical student, Malek Nidal, on 28 May. He has disappeared since then.

Following the Maasara Homeland Security branch incident, lawyers report a surge in arrests across multiple governorates. The unprecedented incident took place on July 25 when two young Egyptian men purportedly stormed a Homeland Security branch in al-Maasara, south of Cairo, in a dramatic incident. Video posted online, through a Telegram channel, showed the pair inside a fourth-floor security office, claiming to hold several officers hostage as a protest against Egypt’s policy toward Gaza. They demanded the Rafah Crossing be opened for humanitarian aid and decried the starvation of Palestinians under siege, citing also the arrest of Egyptians for collecting donations for Gaza. The standoff reportedly lasted about five hours before the men surrendered to authorities.


Two young Egyptian men Mohsen Mohammed Mustafa and his cousin Ahmed Al-Sharif detained a number of National Security officers for 5 hours inside the headquarters of the Homeland Security branch in al-Maasara, demanding the opening of Rafah crossing to save the people of Gaza from starvation [photo credit: Telegram]

The Ministry of Interior (MOI) quickly denied that any actual attack took place, dismissing the viral footage as a fabricated ploy by Muslim Brotherhood-affiliated media. In a statement, the ministry said the purported leaked documents from the security branch “have nothing to do with reality” and announced that those who produced and promoted the video were arrested for legal action. Despite the official denial, an Egyptian human rights group affirmed the video’s authenticity and voiced alarm for the two protesters’ safety, urging their release and respect for peaceful _expression_.

The Homeland Security documents, which appeared on Telegram, have also been confirmed to be authentic and include names of actual detainees and disappeared suspects.

Egypt has spent US$578 million on medical treatment for Palestinians from Gaza since the start of Israel’s assault 21 months ago, Health Minister Khaled Abdel Ghaffar said in televised remarks on 29 July. The minister did not disclose how much money Egypt extorted from those Palestinians through Ibrahim el-Organi’s Hala Company.

Gaza’s Emergency Committee criticised Egypt on 30 July for its handling of humanitarian aid through the Rafah Crossing, accusing authorities of inflating aid delivery figures and blocking relief efforts. The committee called for the immediate, unconditional opening of Rafah, the removal of bureaucratic barriers, and transparency about actual aid volumes. It also dismissed Egyptian claims of hundreds of trucks entering daily, calling these numbers inaccurate and misleading.

The Egyptian Air Force resumed aid drops over Gaza last week with Israel’s approval.

Egypt was the leading Arab exporter of food products to Israel in June 2025, with shipments valued at US$3.8 million, according to official Israeli trade data. The bulk of Egypt’s exports—worth US$2.6 million—comprised vegetables, fruits, and nuts, while other items included cereals, sugars, coffee, tea, and spices. The total food exports from the Arab states to Israel for the month reached US$8.16 million.

4 Die in Police Custody, Belqas Erupts in Protest

Last week, four men died in Egyptian police custody, sparking protests and renewed scrutiny of detention conditions—raising the number of deaths in Ministry of Interior (MOI)-run facilities to at least 25 since the start of the year.

In Belqas, Daqahlia Governorate, 21-year-old university student Ayman Sabry died on 26 July after being held for a week without timely referral to a prosecutor. His family and lawyer say he was tortured in custody—claims supported by visible injuries and corroborating eyewitness accounts. During a visit shortly before his death, Sabry reportedly collapsed in front of his family. Protests erupted outside the Belqas courthouse following news of his death, with residents clashing with police and demanding accountability.

Social media users accused Major Mohamed Sadeq, the Belqas Criminal Investigation Officer, and his informers, Hossam Maher and Belal Saad, of involvement in the killing.

The MOI denied the torture allegations, stating that Sabry was legally detained over drug and weapons charges and died of sudden illness after being transferred to the hospital. The ministry claimed no foul play was suspected and noted that the prosecution had ordered an autopsy and authorised burial. But rights groups, including the Egyptian Network for Human Rights, insist the state is covering up a killing under torture and are demanding an independent investigation.

On 27 July, just a day after Sabry’s death, 25-year-old Karim Mohamed Abdo also died in custody at the Saff police station in Giza. Rights monitors say he was detained with his brother and held in “inhuman and overcrowded” conditions, with rampant disease and drug abuse inside the cell.

Farid Muhammad Shalabi, a 52-year-old teacher, died after weeks of enforced disappearance and torture at a Homeland Security site in Kafr el-Sheikh. Arrested on 7 July in Borg el-Arab, his body was returned to his family on 29 July without explanation and buried at 2 a.m. under tight police control involving five armored vehicles. Relatives say they were threatened into silence, and the cause of death was officially listed as a stroke.

A young man, Abdel Rahman Ahmed Abdel Rahman, died in custody at the al-Omraniya Police Station in Giza on 2 August, according to his family. They alleged he was beaten and tortured during his detention. The family also said Abdel Rahman had been calling them from inside the holding cell, asking for money in exchange for stopping the torture.

Detainees Strike Over Torture, Transfers

Dozens of detainees at al-Wadi al-Gadid Prison have launched an open-ended hunger strike to protest torture, abuse, and punitive transfers, according to the Egyptian Network for Human Rights.

The strike began Saturday in Unit 4 in response to escalating violations by the MOI. Many of the strikers were recently transferred from prisons such as Badr 1, Badr 3, and Wadi al-Natroun, despite being from Cairo and other governorates. Some have been held in pretrial detention for over five years without trial, amid severe medical neglect and absence of legal oversight.

Meanwhile, inmates at Badr 3 Prison are enduring what rights advocates call a “slow death,” as a growing hunger strike sheds rare light on the bleak conditions inside one of Egypt’s most secretive facilities. Dozens of prisoners from the Muslim Brotherhood and other groups have been denied sunlight, family visits, and basic necessities since their 2022 transfer to the newly built complex. Recent court sessions have seen prominent detainees—including former ministers and MPs—plead for intervention, citing suicide attempts and deteriorating health.

Despite widespread calls for relief and a rising number of partial and full hunger strikers, the MOI has dismissed the reports as fabricated, even as one prisoner took his life in front of a judge in mid-July. Instead of addressing demands, prison authorities responded with collective punishment, cutting off water, stripping cells, and blocking transfers to the infirmary to contain news of the protest.

Urban Housing

A new report by fact-checking platform Matsada2sh has shed light on the massive disparities in compensation offered to residents displaced by the Ras al-Ḥikma megaproject on Egypt’s North Coast.

The UAE-owned developer Modon Holding, backed by Abu Dhabi sovereign fund ADQ, recently launched the luxury “Wadi al-Tam” compound, marketing villas priced between LE15.9 million and LE324 million (approx. US$324,000–US$6.61 million). Meanwhile, the government offered locals compensation ranging from just LE200,000 to LE300,000 (approx. US$4,082–US$6,122) for their land. Based on the latest real estate listings, this amounts to a 32- to 140-fold difference in land value.

Forced evictions began in 2018 and escalated in early 2024, accompanied by heightened security presence and crackdowns by the military. Despite government claims of “fair compensation,” many families have rejected the offers and continue to protest. Critics say the project exemplifies unequal development driven by foreign investment at the expense of marginalised communities.

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