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From: Mayraj Fahim <fmayraj@yahoo.com>
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 China is more decentralized tha US where states are more controlling-a han=
gover from British colonial rule.=20
There will be competition among local governments.=20
     On Tuesday, June 23, 2026 at 02:52:39 AM GMT+5, Chas Freeman via Salon=
 <salon@listserve.com> wrote: =20
=20
 https://www.wsj.com/opinion/chinas-ambitious-ai-blueprint-bba89ca2
China=E2=80=99s Ambitious AI Blueprint

Beijing identifies key sectors for creating a =E2=80=98people-vehicle-home=
=E2=80=99 ecosystem.

By=C2=A0
Walter Russell Mead
June 22, 2026=C2=A0
Robots at the X Square Robot facilities in Shenzhen, China, May 22.=C2=A0He=
ctor Retamal/Agence France-Presse/Getty Images
Haggling in Switzerland=E2=80=99s B=C3=BCrgenstock Resort Lake Lucerne over=
 the memorandum of understanding between the U.S. and Iran has dominated he=
adlines, but the real news this month is coming out of China.

That news was easy to miss. Couched in the often impenetrable prose of Chin=
ese bureaucrats and prefaced with the ritual genuflections toward=C2=A0Xi J=
inping=E2=80=99s expressed vision for his country, =E2=80=9CImplementation =
Opinions on Accelerating the Development of =E2=80=98AI+Consumption=E2=80=
=99=C2=A0=E2=80=9D doesn=E2=80=99t strike the casual observer as a gripping=
 read.

But as the Claude-enabled=C2=A0translation=C2=A0provided by=C2=A0Bill Bisho=
p=E2=80=99s invaluable=C2=A0Sinocism=C2=A0newsletter makes clear, something=
 important is happening. China is launching a full-scale push to roll out a=
rtificial intelligence across its economy and make this sector the foundati=
on of its economic strategy. The text=E2=80=99s 17 points outline a plan to=
 accelerate the rise of AI and reinvigorate the Chinese economy by reorient=
ing it around the new technologies.

As the bureaucrats put it, their goal is to =E2=80=9Cfully, accurately, and=
 comprehensively implement the new development concept, give full play to C=
hina=E2=80=99s advantages of a super-large-scale market, broad consumption =
scenarios, and abundant consumption-data resources, accelerate the demonstr=
ation application of new AI products, services, and scenarios, promote the =
entry of AI into tens of millions of households and tens of millions of sho=
ps, cultivate and form new consumption growth points and new momentum, driv=
e the iterative upgrading of new AI technologies and products, open up new =
AI industries and new tracks, and better meet the people=E2=80=99s needs fo=
r a better life.=E2=80=9D

The bureaucrats identify key sectors where they will focus. AI-enabled huma=
noid robots will transform industries like elder care. They envision a =E2=
=80=9Cpeople-vehicle-home=E2=80=9D ecosystem that links smart cars, smart r=
oads and smart homes. Brain-computer interfaces, AI-enabled smart glasses, =
wearables and other consumer products will roll out across the domestic and=
, increasingly, international markets. China will develop =E2=80=9Ca solid =
security line of defense,=E2=80=9D which will protect its burgeoning ecosys=
tem from malicious (and foreign) penetration. The current document doesn=E2=
=80=99t exist in a vacuum. It=E2=80=99s aimed at implementing the August 20=
25 decree by the State Council (China=E2=80=99s supreme administrative body=
) that lays out an ambitious 10-year plan for advancing AI and creating a n=
ew kind of intelligent society and economy that, the Communist Party hopes,=
 will lead to the realization of the socialist modernization of China.

Laying out a blueprint is one thing, transforming an economy another, but W=
estern observers would be unwise to scoff. China=E2=80=99s planned economy =
has enormous and growing problems, but its planners remain extremely effect=
ive when it comes to directing investment into favored sectors and creating=
 regulatory structures that favor the kind of investment and development th=
at the party prefers.

Think of solar power and electric vehicles. When Western greens were trying=
 to sell their grandiose plans for the so-called energy transition, they to=
uted the jobs that the new industries would create. But China was able to c=
reate markets for solar power and electric vehicles at home by providing su=
bsidized credit and shaping the regulatory climate to favor, for instance, =
the production and purchase of electric vehicles over fossil-fuel models. I=
ntense competition among Chinese firms to take advantage of these opportuni=
ties (plus perhaps the usual contribution of intellectual property theft an=
d reverse engineering), gave Chinese manufacturers a commanding lead.

The plan is to repeat this strategy on a broader scale with AI. Unlike the =
Stalinist Soviet planners who built centrally planned industries, the Chine=
se planners are focusing on creating markets in designated sectors. This so=
metimes ends badly (think of the massive Chinese real-estate bubble) but of=
ten works well in the short to medium term.

China means business, closing more than 12,000 degree programs deemed obsol=
ete and opening more than 10,000 courses on AI, robotics and advanced compu=
ting in recent years. If the Communist Party pursues its AI strategy with t=
he focus and total control it has brought to favored economic sectors in th=
e past, we should expect rapid improvements to the underlying capabilities =
of AI models and the swift integration of technology into consumer-facing i=
ndustries.

Keeping up with China=E2=80=99s pace will test the U.S. In the Chinese syst=
em, Mr. Xi and a few of his associates can impose policies on the entire co=
untry. That isn=E2=80=99t how it works here. Developing public support for =
the next stages of the information revolution so that the U.S. doesn=E2=80=
=99t fall behind is harder than issuing top-down rules from Beijing.

Building a national consensus around supportive policies for these strategi=
cally indispensable technologies will be hard. But the future of human free=
dom may depend on our getting this done quickly and well.

Copyright =C2=A92026=C2=A0Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 87=
990cbe856818d5eddac44c7b1cdeb8

Appeared in the June 23, 2026, print edition as 'China=E2=80=99s Ambitious =
AI Blueprint'.

Walter Russell Mead=C2=A0is the Ravenel B. Curry III Distinguished Fellow i=
n Strategy and Statesmanship at Hudson Institute, the Global View Columnist=
 at The Wall Street Journal and the Alexander Hamilton Professor of Strateg=
y and Statecraft with the Hamilton School for Classical and Civic Education=
 at th
--=20
Salon mailing list
Salon@listserve.com
https://mlm2.listserve.net/mailman/listinfo/salon
 =20
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<div>                China is more decentralized tha US where states are mo=
re controlling-a hangover from British colonial rule. <br>There will be com=
petition among local governments. <br>            </div>            <div cl=
ass=3D"yahoo_quoted" style=3D"margin:10px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px sol=
id #ccc;padding-left:1ex;">                        <div style=3D"font-famil=
y:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:13px;color:#2628=
2a;">                                <div>                        On Tuesda=
y, June 23, 2026 at 02:52:39 AM GMT+5, Chas Freeman via Salon &lt;salon@lis=
tserve.com&gt; wrote:                    </div>                    <div><br=
></div>                    <div><br></div>                                 =
               <div><div id=3D"yiv7345029492"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><a href=
=3D"https://www.wsj.com/opinion/chinas-ambitious-ai-blueprint-bba89ca2" tar=
get=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer noopener">https://www.wsj.com/opinion/chin=
as-ambitious-ai-blueprint-bba89ca2</a></div><div><div style=3D"margin-top:3=
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elvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:17px;" class=3D"yiv7345029492gmail-ar=
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ledBox yiv7345029492e1vnmyci0"><h1 style=3D"margin:0px;font-size:40px;line-=
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ss=3D"yiv7345029492gmail-css-n4aeky-StyledHeadline-Styled-Styled-Styled yiv=
7345029492emwm06f0">China=E2=80=99s Ambitious AI Blueprint</h1></div><h2 st=
yle=3D"margin:0px;color:rgb(85,85,85);direction:ltr;font-size:18px;line-hei=
ght:1.25;font-weight:400;" class=3D"yiv7345029492gmail-css-eq0jiq-NormalDek=
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iv7345029492gmail-css-158gygx-HedCutLink yiv7345029492eh42cdm1" target=3D"_=
blank" rel=3D"noreferrer noopener"><img alt=3D"Walter Russell Mead" src=3D"=
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ock;padding-top:0px;height:auto;width:620px;border-radius:0px;" class=3D"yi=
v7345029492gmail-css-u314cv"><img alt=3D"image" width=3D"1280" height=3D"85=
3" src=3D"https://opinion-images.wsj.net/im-36394192/?size=3D1.5" style=3D"=
opacity:1;display:block;border-radius:inherit;margin-bottom:8px;max-width:1=
00%;width:620px;height:auto;" class=3D"yiv7345029492gmail-css-1hzqsjo"></sp=
an><span style=3D"font-size:14px;line-height:1.42857;margin-bottom:4px;colo=
r:rgb(17,17,17);font-family:Retina, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;letter-spa=
cing:0px;font-stretch:normal;" class=3D"yiv7345029492e1m33gv80 yiv734502949=
2gmail-css-426zcb-CaptionSpan yiv7345029492e1m33gv81">Robots at the X Squar=
e Robot facilities in Shenzhen, China, May 22.&nbsp;</span><span style=3D"d=
irection:ltr;font-size:12px;line-height:1.42857;text-transform:uppercase;co=
lor:rgb(111,111,111);font-family:Retina, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;lette=
r-spacing:0px;font-stretch:normal;" class=3D"yiv7345029492gmail-css-7jz429-=
Credit yiv7345029492eq0esvu0">Hector Retamal/Agence France-Presse/Getty Ima=
ges</span></div><p style=3D"color:rgb(34,34,34);direction:ltr;font-family:E=
xchange, Georgia, serif;font-size:18px;margin:0px 0px 1em;" class=3D"yiv734=
5029492gmail-css-1qg6i2u yiv7345029492eew040j0">Haggling in Switzerland=E2=
=80=99s B=C3=BCrgenstock Resort Lake Lucerne over the memorandum of underst=
anding between the U.S. and Iran has dominated headlines, but the real news=
 this month is coming out of China.</p><p style=3D"color:rgb(34,34,34);dire=
ction:ltr;font-family:Exchange, Georgia, serif;font-size:18px;margin:0px 0p=
x 1em;" class=3D"yiv7345029492gmail-css-1qg6i2u yiv7345029492eew040j0">That=
 news was easy to miss. Couched in the often impenetrable prose of Chinese =
bureaucrats and prefaced with the ritual genuflections toward&nbsp;Xi Jinpi=
ng=E2=80=99s expressed vision for his country, =E2=80=9CImplementation Opin=
ions on Accelerating the Development of =E2=80=98AI+Consumption=E2=80=99&nb=
sp;=E2=80=9D doesn=E2=80=99t strike the casual observer as a gripping read.=
</p><div style=3D"" class=3D"yiv7345029492gmail-paywall yiv7345029492gmail-=
css-1u1nl00-PaywalledContentContainer yiv7345029492e1qcjy9n0"><p style=3D"c=
olor:rgb(34,34,34);direction:ltr;font-family:Exchange, Georgia, serif;font-=
size:18px;margin:0px 0px 1em;" class=3D"yiv7345029492gmail-css-1qg6i2u yiv7=
345029492eew040j0">But as the Claude-enabled&nbsp;<a href=3D"https://sinoci=
sm.notion.site/Implementation-Opinions-of-the-Ministry-of-Commerce-and-8-Ot=
her-Departments-on-Accelerating-the-Deve-38384ece41d781d5b4fde17458782cf9" =
style=3D"display:inline;color:rgb(34,34,34);text-decoration:none;border-bot=
tom:1px solid rgb(34,34,34);" class=3D"yiv7345029492ekxajjj0 yiv7345029492g=
mail-css-i0lbhy-OverridedLink" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer noopener=
">translation</a>&nbsp;provided by&nbsp;Bill Bishop=E2=80=99s invaluable&nb=
sp;<a href=3D"https://sinocism.com/p/ai-consumption-xi-jinping-thought" sty=
le=3D"display:inline;color:rgb(34,34,34);text-decoration:none;border-bottom=
:1px solid rgb(34,34,34);" class=3D"yiv7345029492ekxajjj0 yiv7345029492gmai=
l-css-i0lbhy-OverridedLink" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer noopener">S=
inocism</a>&nbsp;newsletter makes clear, something important is happening. =
China is launching a full-scale push to roll out artificial intelligence ac=
ross its economy and make this sector the foundation of its economic strate=
gy. The text=E2=80=99s 17 points outline a plan to accelerate the rise of A=
I and reinvigorate the Chinese economy by reorienting it around the new tec=
hnologies.</p><p style=3D"color:rgb(34,34,34);direction:ltr;font-family:Exc=
hange, Georgia, serif;font-size:18px;margin:0px 0px 1em;" class=3D"yiv73450=
29492gmail-css-1qg6i2u yiv7345029492eew040j0">As the bureaucrats put it, th=
eir goal is to =E2=80=9Cfully, accurately, and comprehensively implement th=
e new development concept, give full play to China=E2=80=99s advantages of =
a super-large-scale market, broad consumption scenarios, and abundant consu=
mption-data resources, accelerate the demonstration application of new AI p=
roducts, services, and scenarios, promote the entry of AI into tens of mill=
ions of households and tens of millions of shops, cultivate and form new co=
nsumption growth points and new momentum, drive the iterative upgrading of =
new AI technologies and products, open up new AI industries and new tracks,=
 and better meet the people=E2=80=99s needs for a better life.=E2=80=9D</p>=
<p style=3D"color:rgb(34,34,34);direction:ltr;font-family:Exchange, Georgia=
, serif;font-size:18px;margin:0px 0px 1em;" class=3D"yiv7345029492gmail-css=
-1qg6i2u yiv7345029492eew040j0">The bureaucrats identify key sectors where =
they will focus. AI-enabled humanoid robots will transform industries like =
elder care. They envision a =E2=80=9Cpeople-vehicle-home=E2=80=9D ecosystem=
 that links smart cars, smart roads and smart homes. Brain-computer interfa=
ces, AI-enabled smart glasses, wearables and other consumer products will r=
oll out across the domestic and, increasingly, international markets. China=
 will develop =E2=80=9Ca solid security line of defense,=E2=80=9D which wil=
l protect its burgeoning ecosystem from malicious (and foreign) penetration=
. The current document doesn=E2=80=99t exist in a vacuum. It=E2=80=99s aime=
d at implementing the August 2025 decree by the State Council (China=E2=80=
=99s supreme administrative body) that lays out an ambitious 10-year plan f=
or advancing AI and creating a new kind of intelligent society and economy =
that, the Communist Party hopes, will lead to the realization of the social=
ist modernization of China.</p><p style=3D"color:rgb(34,34,34);direction:lt=
r;font-family:Exchange, Georgia, serif;font-size:18px;margin:0px 0px 1em;" =
class=3D"yiv7345029492gmail-css-1qg6i2u yiv7345029492eew040j0">Laying out a=
 blueprint is one thing, transforming an economy another, but Western obser=
vers would be unwise to scoff. China=E2=80=99s planned economy has enormous=
 and growing problems, but its planners remain extremely effective when it =
comes to directing investment into favored sectors and creating regulatory =
structures that favor the kind of investment and development that the party=
 prefers.</p><p style=3D"color:rgb(34,34,34);direction:ltr;font-family:Exch=
ange, Georgia, serif;font-size:18px;margin:0px 0px 1em;" class=3D"yiv734502=
9492gmail-css-1qg6i2u yiv7345029492eew040j0">Think of solar power and elect=
ric vehicles. When Western greens were trying to sell their grandiose plans=
 for the so-called energy transition, they touted the jobs that the new ind=
ustries would create. But China was able to create markets for solar power =
and electric vehicles at home by providing subsidized credit and shaping th=
e regulatory climate to favor, for instance, the production and purchase of=
 electric vehicles over fossil-fuel models. Intense competition among Chine=
se firms to take advantage of these opportunities (plus perhaps the usual c=
ontribution of intellectual property theft and reverse engineering), gave C=
hinese manufacturers a commanding lead.</p><p style=3D"color:rgb(34,34,34);=
direction:ltr;font-family:Exchange, Georgia, serif;font-size:18px;margin:0p=
x 0px 1em;" class=3D"yiv7345029492gmail-css-1qg6i2u yiv7345029492eew040j0">=
The plan is to repeat this strategy on a broader scale with AI. Unlike the =
Stalinist Soviet planners who built centrally planned industries, the Chine=
se planners are focusing on creating markets in designated sectors. This so=
metimes ends badly (think of the massive Chinese real-estate bubble) but of=
ten works well in the short to medium term.</p><p style=3D"color:rgb(34,34,=
34);direction:ltr;font-family:Exchange, Georgia, serif;font-size:18px;margi=
n:0px 0px 1em;" class=3D"yiv7345029492gmail-css-1qg6i2u yiv7345029492eew040=
j0">China means business, closing more than 12,000 degree programs deemed o=
bsolete and opening more than 10,000 courses on AI, robotics and advanced c=
omputing in recent years. If the Communist Party pursues its AI strategy wi=
th the focus and total control it has brought to favored economic sectors i=
n the past, we should expect rapid improvements to the underlying capabilit=
ies of AI models and the swift integration of technology into consumer-faci=
ng industries.</p><p style=3D"color:rgb(34,34,34);direction:ltr;font-family=
:Exchange, Georgia, serif;font-size:18px;margin:0px 0px 1em;" class=3D"yiv7=
345029492gmail-css-1qg6i2u yiv7345029492eew040j0">Keeping up with China=E2=
=80=99s pace will test the U.S. In the Chinese system, Mr. Xi and a few of =
his associates can impose policies on the entire country. That isn=E2=80=99=
t how it works here. Developing public support for the next stages of the i=
nformation revolution so that the U.S. doesn=E2=80=99t fall behind is harde=
r than issuing top-down rules from Beijing.</p><div style=3D"" class=3D"yiv=
7345029492gmail-ad-portal"></div><p style=3D"color:rgb(34,34,34);direction:=
ltr;font-family:Exchange, Georgia, serif;font-size:18px;margin:0px 0px 1em;=
" class=3D"yiv7345029492gmail-css-1qg6i2u yiv7345029492eew040j0">Building a=
 national consensus around supportive policies for these strategically indi=
spensable technologies will be hard. But the future of human freedom may de=
pend on our getting this done quickly and well.</p></div><p style=3D"" clas=
s=3D"yiv7345029492gmail-css-16aepit yiv7345029492e1jdulti0">Copyright =C2=
=A92026&nbsp;Dow Jones &amp; Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 87990cbe856=
818d5eddac44c7b1cdeb8</p><div style=3D"clear:left;" class=3D"yiv7345029492g=
mail-css-nyleem yiv7345029492eew040j4"></div><p style=3D"font-family:Exchan=
ge, Georgia, serif;font-size:14px;font-style:italic;color:rgb(51,51,51);lin=
e-height:22px;" class=3D"yiv7345029492gmail-css-xyk2wy-PrintheadlineBlurb y=
iv7345029492e1bioyoo0">Appeared in the June 23, 2026, print edition as 'Chi=
na=E2=80=99s Ambitious AI Blueprint'.</p><div style=3D"border-top:0.8px sol=
id rgb(235,235,235);border-bottom:0.8px solid rgb(235,235,235);" class=3D"y=
iv7345029492e1a01bjp0 yiv7345029492gmail-css-qw5p5j"><div style=3D"display:=
flex;min-height:111.963px;" class=3D"yiv7345029492gmail-css-1c2ypzx"><div s=
tyle=3D"margin:0px;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:Retina, Arial, Helvetica=
, sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:1.42857;letter-spacing:0px;font-str=
etch:normal;overflow:hidden;" class=3D"yiv7345029492eg3lomo0 yiv7345029492g=
mail-css-qipsyn-AuthorModuleBio"><p style=3D"margin:0px;"><a href=3D"https:=
//www.wsj.com/news/author/walter-russell-mead?mod=3DWSJ_article_author" sty=
le=3D"color:inherit;" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer noopener">Walter =
Russell Mead</a>&nbsp;is the Ravenel B. Curry III Distinguished Fellow in S=
trategy and Statesmanship at Hudson Institute, the Global View Columnist at=
 The Wall Street Journal and the Alexander Hamilton Professor of Strategy a=
nd Statecraft with the Hamilton School for Classical and Civic Education at=
 th</p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>-- <br>Salon mailing list<=
br><a ymailto=3D"mailto:Salon@listserve.com" href=3D"mailto:Salon@listserve=
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<br><a href=3D"https://mlm2.listserve.net/mailman/listinfo/salon" target=3D=
"_blank" rel=3D"noreferrer noopener">https://mlm2.listserve.net/mailman/lis=
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The Financial Times, June 22, 2026

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<div dir="ltr">The Financial Times, June 22, 2026</div>

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https://www.nytimes.com/2026/06/23/opinion/trump-iran-war-confrontation.htm=
l
Trump=E2=80=99s Iran Debacle Could Be a Gift for America
June 23, 2026
[image: A missile stands upright as a saw cuts a circle around it from
below.]
Credit...Illustration by Sam Whitney/The New York Times

By Robert Malley and Stephen Wertheim

*Mr. Malley was the special envoy for Iran from 2021 to 2023. Mr. Wertheim
is a historian of U.S. foreign policy.*

With Iran, Donald Trump has done the impossible once more. In attacking
that country in February, he went where his predecessors never dared,
joining with Israel in a bid to overthrow or incapacitate the regime in
Tehran. Having achieved neither, he appears to have accepted worse terms
than he could have obtained through diplomacy. His war was a political
albatross as well, garnering, at the start, less support from the public
than any other major conflict in modern U.S. history.

Now the hawks who were exhilarated by Operation Epic Fury are apoplectic at
Mr. Trump for ending the conflict. The doves won=E2=80=99t forgive him for =
starting
it. Everyone is worse off and no one is happy: a fitting, extraordinary
finish to a Trumpian war.

In its broad contours, however, the result is familiar, verging on routine.
True to form, the United States launched a regime-change war in the Middle
East. It targeted an adversary that members of both parties have long
treated as a near-existential threat. And again, only faster this time, the
effort came to grief. The question now is whether the cycle of ineffectual
American intervention has been broken, or simply taken another turn. If the
serial disasters of previous wars didn=E2=80=99t keep this one from happeni=
ng, why
would even the conspicuous failure of this one prevent the next?

It very well may not; the risk of renewed conflict looms. But in important
respects this war is unlike any other, starting with the person who
launched it. Mr. Trump was the hard-liners=E2=80=99 best hope. He took his =
best
shot at Tehran and came up short.

The unnecessary, unjustified and unlawful war that followed convulsed the
region, battered the global economy and exasperated the American public.
And yet it may bequeath an accidental gift: a lasting aversion to military
conflict with Iran and a chance to replace decades of failed policy with
serious diplomacy.

*The first factor is Mr. Trump himself.* Barack Obama, who sought to engage
Iran from the outset of his presidency, faced constant opposition from
Republicans and many Democrats, wounding his nuclear deal. Mr. Trump tore
it up three years later, and he has now become the instigator and loudest
champion of a brutal war, the father of its failure and, one hopes, the
bringer of peace. Think Nixon going to China =E2=80=94 if Nixon had bombed =
China
first.

No president has ever had more latitude to come to terms with the Islamic
Republic, should he so choose. The administration=E2=80=99s deal has been m=
ocked
but not truly contested by the left, which wants the fighting to end.
Washington=E2=80=99s Iran hawks scream, but having alienated Democrats long=
 ago,
they risk winding up politically homeless if they fully break with Mr.
Trump. Nor can they easily separate themselves from the president. They
applauded him for wrecking the Obama nuclear agreement and thrilled at his
turn toward war just months ago. At this point, they can only hope that Mr.
Trump fails to reach a broader nuclear accord so they can pressure him to
return to war with even grander objectives.

They may succeed, of course. Mr. Trump could not be more erratic;
translating his ambiguous =E2=80=9Cmemorandum of understanding=E2=80=9D wit=
h Iran into a
detailed agreement poses a daunting challenge; and, in violation of his own
deal, he almost immediately, and has since persistently, threatened to
resume bombing should Iran=E2=80=99s behavior displease him. Still, for Mr.=
 Trump,
the use of enormous force against Iran is no longer a tantalizing option
about which he can fantasize, but a bruising experience from which he had
to retreat. The war he imagined delivered swift glory. The war he got was
born unpopular and is dying an orphan.

If even a tenuous and hostile truce holds through the remainder of Mr.
Trump=E2=80=99s term, then his successors, too, will know the price of war.=
 They
will have seen that the United States rapidly depleted enormous quantities
of high-end munitions, needed in Europe and Asia, while failing to
eliminate Iran=E2=80=99s missiles and drones. That Iran swiftly took contro=
l of the
Strait of Hormuz, inflicting unmistakable costs on ordinary Americans,
while the United States lacked the military options to force the strait
open. That after all the bombs fell, the future of Tehran=E2=80=99s nuclear=
 program
still could be addressed only through negotiations, with a regime that
emerged emboldened, vindicated and victorious. Future presidents will
remember, in short, that the war was counterproductive on its own terms and
came at the expense of every other foreign and domestic priority.

They are also less likely to be taken in by those who cheered this
misadventure. For years, critics of the Obama nuclear accord claimed that
all they wanted was a =E2=80=9Cbetter deal,=E2=80=9D accomplished through p=
ressure but not
violence. Today they stand exposed, after lining up behind a major attack
that was launched by a proudly improvisational president in the absence of
any looming threat and that yielded a deal they cannot defend. Going
forward, their promises of cost-free coercion will sound like what they
are: a drumbeat for war.

*This conflict also has strained the regional order* that brought the
United States and Iran to the brink many times before. For decades,
Washington has purposely enmeshed itself in security arrangements that
divide the Middle East sharply into friends and foes. The first pillar is
America=E2=80=99s special relationship with Israel. Washington=E2=80=99s gr=
ievances with
Tehran run deep, but the vehemence of its hostility toward Iran =E2=80=94 a=
nd its
willingness to resort to force =E2=80=94 owes much to its unique commitment=
 to
Israel, which sees the Islamic Republic=E2=80=99s missile and drone arsenal=
,
regional proxies and nuclear ambitions as direct and existential threats.

Now, however, America=E2=80=99s partnership with Israel is under unparallel=
ed
strain. The war=E2=80=99s arc is telling. What began as the closest, most
integrated U.S.-Israeli military campaign in history ended with an American
leader publicly rebuking his Israeli counterpart in the harshest terms,
criticizing his =E2=80=9Cvicious=E2=80=9D bellicosity in Lebanon and accusi=
ng him of
jeopardizing a deal with Iran.

This comes on top of a sharp shift in U.S. opinion: 60 percent
<https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2026/04/07/negative-views-of-israe=
l-netanyahu-continue-to-rise-among-americans-especially-young-people/>
of
American adults hold a negative view of Israel, up from 42 percent in 2022,
not least because they see a widening gap between Israeli behavior and U.S.
interests. Many believe Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu bamboozled Mr.
Trump into war with talk of swift and easy victory, and then engaged in
repeated escalations to block any offramp. Mr. Netanyahu, too, has shot his
shot, and his entreaties to resume hostilities are likely to encounter
greater resistance in America.

The U.S. backlash against Israel could abate. If Mr. Netanyahu loses the
parliamentary election that is to be held in several months, many in
Washington will sigh in relief and hope the bilateral relationship reverts
to its norm. A future Israeli government, more pragmatic than its
predecessor, yet no less alarmed by Iran=E2=80=99s behavior and equally det=
ermined
to counter it, might devise its own plans for military action and hope to
rehabilitate its influence in America. But after the war in Gaza, after
Iran, after criticism of U.S. support for Israel has morphed into a
grass-roots issue that resonates from left to right, the task will be tall.

The second pillar of America=E2=80=99s regional order is its military footp=
rint in
the Persian Gulf: a network of bases meant to project U.S. power and
protect Arab states but that Tehran regarded as both genuine threat and
plum target. The result has been a self-reinforcing system in which
partnerships meant to deter conflict aggravated it and in which America,
purporting to be guardian of the peace, became a central belligerent in war=
.

The Iran war has physically degraded that system. Tehran reportedly damaged
<https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2026/05/06/iran-us-bases-sat=
ellite-images/>
 at least 20 <https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c2l2yl7r8r2o> U.S. military
sites across the region, knocking out missile defense systems, aircraft and
other infrastructure. Washington must confront the fact that its network of
bases created vulnerability, not security, for itself and its partners.
Gulf states learned a harsher lesson: that, in their hour of need, the
United States prioritized its own and Israel=E2=80=99s interests, leaving t=
hem
exposed to Iranian retaliation for a war they did not want and had little
part in shaping.

Potentially more consequential than the material damage, then, is the blow
to the rationale for America=E2=80=99s regional role. Gulf monarchies won=
=E2=80=99t sever
security ties with Washington, but both sides have reason to ask whether
the vast American military footprint in the Middle East is part of the
problem it was supposed to solve, and whether they wouldn=E2=80=99t be bett=
er off
building a regional equilibrium that does not so heavily rely on promises
of American protection.

*America=E2=80=99s turn away from war is incipient and fragile.* The tenden=
cy still
exists to view Iran as the root cause of all that bedevils the Middle East
and exaggerate the threat it represents, enable and underwrite Israel=E2=80=
=99s
aggressive solutions and equate America=E2=80=99s interests with its milita=
ry
presence in the Gulf. So long as these conditions persist, Mr. Trump or his
successors may again resort to military force.

Those opposed to yesterday=E2=80=99s Iran war have a stake in preventing
tomorrow=E2=80=99s, to break the entanglement of the United States in confl=
icts it
regrets more quickly and more intensely the more they keep happening. This
mission is hardly impossible. Military defeat =E2=80=94 which is what the U=
nited
States just suffered =E2=80=94 has repeatedly compelled Americans to re-eva=
luate
the severity of a threat they could not eliminate.

Five decades ago, the United States left Vietnam to the Communists and
discovered that dominoes did not fall. Five years ago, it departed
Afghanistan and learned to distinguish the victorious Taliban from Al Qaeda
and ISIS. Confronting the true toll of war prompted Americans to ask
whether the threat had been inflated all along.

Iran, by all rights, should not be one of America=E2=80=99s top problems. O=
ne day,
one way or another, it will cease to be. The question is when, and at how
terrible a price.

*Robert Malley, the special envoy for Iran from 2021 to 2023, is president
emeritus and Middle East program director at the International Crisis Group
and a lecturer at Yale University=E2=80=99s Jackson School. Stephen Werthei=
m is a
senior fellow in the American statecraft program at the Carnegie Endowment
for International Peace and a visiting lecturer at Yale Law School. He is
the author of =E2=80=9CTomorrow, the World: The Birth of U.S. Global Suprem=
acy.=E2=80=9D*

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><font size=3D"4"><a href=3D"https://www.nytimes.com/2026/0=
6/23/opinion/trump-iran-war-confrontation.html" target=3D"_blank">https://w=
ww.nytimes.com/2026/06/23/opinion/trump-iran-war-confrontation.html</a></fo=
nt><br><div><h1 id=3D"m_668894661125112235link-7fca875">Trump=E2=80=99s Ira=
n Debacle Could Be a Gift for America</h1></div><div><font size=3D"4">June =
23, 2026</font></div><div><div><u></u><u></u><u></u><u></u><img alt=3D"A mi=
ssile stands upright as a saw cuts a circle around it from below." src=3D"h=
ttps://static01.nyt.com/images/2026/06/23/opinion/23malleywertheim-image/23=
malleywertheim-image-articleLarge.jpg?quality=3D75&amp;auto=3Dwebp&amp;disa=
ble=3Dupscale" width=3D"600" height=3D"600" class=3D"gmail-CToWUd gmail-a6T=
" tabindex=3D"0" style=3D"cursor: pointer; outline: 0px;"><u></u></div>Cred=
it...<span aria-hidden=3D"false">Illustration by Sam Whitney/The New York T=
imes</span></div><div><div><div><p><font size=3D"4">By=C2=A0Robert Malley=
=C2=A0and=C2=A0Stephen Wertheim</font></p><div><div id=3D"m_668894661125112=
235enhanced-byline"><p><font size=3D"4"><i>Mr. Malley was the special envoy=
 for Iran from 2021 to 2023. Mr. Wertheim is a historian of U.S. foreign po=
licy.</i></font></p></div></div></div></div></div><div id=3D"m_668894661125=
112235NYT_ABOVE_MAIN_CONTENT_REGION"><div><div><div><div id=3D"m_6688946611=
25112235embed-id-100000010805361"></div></div></div></div></div><div><div><=
p><font size=3D"4">With Iran, Donald Trump has done the impossible once mor=
e. In attacking that country in February, he went where his predecessors ne=
ver dared, joining with Israel in a bid to overthrow or incapacitate the re=
gime in Tehran. Having achieved neither, he appears to have accepted worse =
terms than he could have obtained through diplomacy. His war was a politica=
l albatross as well, garnering, at the start, less support from the public =
than any other major conflict in modern U.S. history.</font></p><p><font si=
ze=3D"4">Now the hawks who were exhilarated by Operation Epic Fury are apop=
lectic at Mr. Trump for ending the conflict. The doves won=E2=80=99t forgiv=
e him for starting it. Everyone is worse off and no one is happy: a fitting=
, extraordinary finish to a Trumpian war.</font></p><p><font size=3D"4">In =
its broad contours, however, the result is familiar, verging on routine. Tr=
ue to form, the United States launched a regime-change war in the Middle Ea=
st. It targeted an adversary that members of both parties have long treated=
 as a near-existential threat. And again, only faster this time, the effort=
 came to grief. The question now is whether the cycle of ineffectual Americ=
an intervention has been broken, or simply taken another turn. If the seria=
l disasters of previous wars didn=E2=80=99t keep this one from happening, w=
hy would even the conspicuous failure of this one prevent the next?</font><=
/p><p><font size=3D"4">It very well may not; the risk of renewed conflict l=
ooms. But in important respects this war is unlike any other, starting with=
 the person who launched it. Mr. Trump was the hard-liners=E2=80=99 best ho=
pe. He took his best shot at Tehran and came up short.</font></p></div></di=
v><div><div><p><font size=3D"4">The unnecessary, unjustified and unlawful w=
ar that followed convulsed the region, battered the global economy and exas=
perated the American public. And yet it may bequeath an accidental gift: a =
lasting aversion to military conflict<strong>=C2=A0</strong>with Iran and a=
 chance to replace decades of failed policy with serious diplomacy.</font><=
/p><p><font size=3D"4"><strong>The first factor is Mr. Trump himself.</stro=
ng>=C2=A0Barack Obama, who sought to engage Iran from the outset of his pre=
sidency, faced constant opposition from Republicans and many Democrats, wou=
nding his nuclear deal. Mr. Trump tore it up three years later, and he has =
now become the instigator and loudest champion of a brutal war, the father =
of its failure and, one hopes, the bringer of peace. Think Nixon going to C=
hina =E2=80=94 if Nixon had bombed China first.</font></p><p><font size=3D"=
4">No president has ever had more latitude to come to terms with the Islami=
c Republic, should he so choose. The administration=E2=80=99s deal has been=
 mocked but not truly contested by the left, which wants the fighting to en=
d. Washington=E2=80=99s Iran hawks scream, but having alienated Democrats l=
ong ago, they risk winding up politically homeless if they fully break with=
 Mr. Trump. Nor can they easily separate themselves from the president. The=
y applauded him for wrecking the Obama nuclear agreement and thrilled at hi=
s turn toward war just months ago. At this point, they can only hope that M=
r. Trump fails to reach a broader nuclear accord so they can pressure him t=
o return to war with even grander objectives.</font></p><p><font size=3D"4"=
>They may succeed, of course. Mr. Trump could not be more erratic; translat=
ing his ambiguous =E2=80=9Cmemorandum of understanding=E2=80=9D with Iran i=
nto a detailed agreement poses a daunting challenge; and, in violation of h=
is own deal, he almost immediately, and has since persistently, threatened =
to resume bombing should Iran=E2=80=99s behavior displease him. Still, for =
Mr. Trump, the use of enormous force against Iran is no longer a tantalizin=
g option about which he can fantasize, but a bruising experience from which=
 he had to retreat. The war he imagined delivered swift glory. The war he g=
ot was born unpopular and is dying an orphan.</font></p><p><font size=3D"4"=
>If even a tenuous and hostile truce holds through the remainder of Mr. Tru=
mp=E2=80=99s term, then his successors, too, will know the price of war. Th=
ey will have seen that the United States rapidly depleted enormous quantiti=
es of high-end munitions, needed in Europe and Asia, while failing to elimi=
nate Iran=E2=80=99s missiles and drones. That Iran swiftly took control of =
the Strait of Hormuz, inflicting unmistakable costs on ordinary Americans, =
while the United States lacked the military options to force the strait ope=
n. That after all the bombs fell, the future of Tehran=E2=80=99s nuclear pr=
ogram still could be addressed only through negotiations, with a regime tha=
t emerged emboldened, vindicated and victorious. Future presidents will rem=
ember, in short, that the war was counterproductive on its own terms and ca=
me at the expense of every other foreign and domestic priority.</font></p><=
/div></div><div></div><div><div><p><font size=3D"4">They are also less like=
ly to be taken in by those who cheered this misadventure. For years, critic=
s of the Obama nuclear accord claimed that all they wanted was a =E2=80=9Cb=
etter deal,=E2=80=9D accomplished through pressure but not violence. Today =
they stand exposed, after lining up behind a major attack that was launched=
 by a proudly improvisational president in the absence of any looming threa=
t and that yielded a deal they cannot defend. Going forward, their promises=
 of cost-free coercion<strong>=C2=A0</strong>will sound like what they are:=
 a drumbeat for war.</font></p><p><font size=3D"4"><strong>This conflict al=
so has strained the regional order</strong>=C2=A0that brought the United St=
ates and Iran to the brink many times before. For decades, Washington has p=
urposely enmeshed itself in security arrangements that divide the Middle Ea=
st sharply into friends and foes. The first pillar is America=E2=80=99s spe=
cial relationship with Israel. Washington=E2=80=99s grievances with Tehran =
run deep, but the vehemence of its hostility toward Iran =E2=80=94 and its =
willingness to resort to force =E2=80=94 owes much to its unique commitment=
 to Israel, which sees the Islamic Republic=E2=80=99s missile and drone ars=
enal, regional proxies and nuclear ambitions as direct and existential thre=
ats.</font></p><p><font size=3D"4">Now, however, America=E2=80=99s partners=
hip with Israel is under unparalleled strain. The war=E2=80=99s arc is tell=
ing. What began as the closest, most integrated U.S.-Israeli military campa=
ign in history ended with an American leader publicly rebuking his Israeli =
counterpart in the harshest terms, criticizing his =E2=80=9Cvicious=E2=80=
=9D bellicosity in Lebanon and accusing him of jeopardizing a deal with Ira=
n.</font></p><p><font size=3D"4">This comes on top of a sharp shift in U.S.=
 opinion:=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2026/04/0=
7/negative-views-of-israel-netanyahu-continue-to-rise-among-americans-espec=
ially-young-people/" title=3D"" rel=3D"noopener noreferrer" target=3D"_blan=
k">60 percent</a>=C2=A0of American adults hold a negative view of Israel, u=
p from 42 percent in 2022, not least because they see a widening gap betwee=
n Israeli behavior and U.S. interests. Many believe Prime Minister Benjamin=
 Netanyahu bamboozled Mr. Trump into war with talk of swift and easy victor=
y, and then engaged in repeated escalations to block any offramp. Mr. Netan=
yahu, too, has shot his shot, and his entreaties to resume hostilities are =
likely to encounter greater resistance in America.</font></p><p><font size=
=3D"4">The U.S. backlash against Israel could abate. If Mr. Netanyahu loses=
 the parliamentary election that is to be held in several months, many in W=
ashington will sigh in relief and hope the bilateral relationship reverts t=
o its norm. A future Israeli government, more pragmatic than its predecesso=
r, yet no less alarmed by Iran=E2=80=99s behavior and equally determined to=
 counter it, might devise its own plans for military action and hope to reh=
abilitate its influence in America. But after the war in Gaza, after Iran, =
after criticism of U.S. support for Israel has morphed into a grass-roots i=
ssue that resonates from left to right, the task will be tall.</font></p></=
div></div><div><div><p><font size=3D"4">The second pillar of America=E2=80=
=99s regional order is its military footprint in the Persian Gulf: a networ=
k of bases meant to project U.S. power and protect Arab states but that Teh=
ran regarded as both genuine threat and plum target. The result has been a =
self-reinforcing system in which partnerships meant to deter conflict aggra=
vated it and in which America, purporting to be guardian of the peace, beca=
me a central belligerent in war.</font></p><p><font size=3D"4">The Iran war=
 has physically degraded that system. Tehran reportedly=C2=A0<a href=3D"htt=
ps://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/2026/05/06/iran-us-bases-satelli=
te-images/" title=3D"" rel=3D"noopener noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">damage=
d</a>=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c2l2yl7r8r2o" title=
=3D"" rel=3D"noopener noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">at least 20</a>=C2=A0U.=
S. military sites across the region, knocking out missile defense systems, =
aircraft and other infrastructure. Washington must confront the fact that i=
ts network of bases created vulnerability, not security, for itself and its=
 partners. Gulf states learned a harsher lesson: that, in their hour of nee=
d, the United States prioritized its own and Israel=E2=80=99s interests, le=
aving them exposed to Iranian retaliation for a war they did not want and h=
ad little part in shaping.</font></p><p><font size=3D"4">Potentially more c=
onsequential than the material damage, then, is the blow to the rationale f=
or America=E2=80=99s regional role. Gulf monarchies won=E2=80=99t sever sec=
urity ties with Washington, but both sides have reason to ask whether the v=
ast American military footprint in the Middle East is part of the problem i=
t was supposed to solve, and whether they wouldn=E2=80=99t be better off bu=
ilding a regional equilibrium that does not so heavily rely on promises of =
American protection.</font></p><p><font size=3D"4"><strong>America=E2=80=99=
s turn away from war is incipient and fragile.</strong>=C2=A0The tendency s=
till exists to view Iran as the root cause of all that bedevils the Middle =
East and=C2=A0exaggerate the threat it represents, enable and underwrite Is=
rael=E2=80=99s aggressive solutions and equate America=E2=80=99s interests =
with its military presence in the Gulf. So long as these conditions persist=
, Mr. Trump or his successors may again resort to military force.</font></p=
><p><font size=3D"4">Those opposed to yesterday=E2=80=99s Iran war have a s=
take in preventing tomorrow=E2=80=99s, to break the entanglement of the Uni=
ted States in conflicts it regrets more quickly and more intensely the more=
 they keep happening. This mission is hardly impossible. Military defeat =
=E2=80=94 which is what the United States just suffered =E2=80=94 has repea=
tedly compelled Americans to re-evaluate the severity of a threat they coul=
d not eliminate.</font></p></div></div><div><div><p><font size=3D"4">Five d=
ecades ago, the United States left Vietnam to the Communists and discovered=
 that dominoes did not fall. Five years ago, it departed Afghanistan and le=
arned to distinguish the victorious Taliban from Al Qaeda and ISIS. Confron=
ting the true toll of war prompted Americans to ask whether the threat had =
been inflated all along.</font></p><p><font size=3D"4">Iran, by all rights,=
 should not be one of America=E2=80=99s top problems. One day, one way or a=
nother, it will cease to be. The question is when, and at how terrible a pr=
ice.</font></p></div></div><div><div><p><font size=3D"4"><i>Robert Malley, =
the special envoy for Iran from 2021 to 2023, is president emeritus and Mid=
dle East program director at the International Crisis Group and a lecturer =
at Yale University=E2=80=99s Jackson School. Stephen Wertheim is a senior f=
ellow in the American statecraft program at the Carnegie Endowment for Inte=
rnational Peace and a visiting lecturer at Yale Law School. He is the autho=
r of =E2=80=9CTomorrow, the World: The Birth of U.S. Global Supremacy.=E2=
=80=9D</i></font></p></div></div></div>

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The Financial Times, June 22, 2026

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<div dir="ltr">The Financial Times, June 22, 2026</div>

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Subject: [Salon] The Trap of Reconstruction - How the US-Iran Deal
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Watch now | From Proxy Networks to Capital Dependency in the Post-War
Middle East
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[image: petal_20260623_014000.mp4]
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Watch now
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The Trap of Reconstruction - How the US-Iran Deal Subordinates Tehran to
Gulf Capital
<https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3D2723908&post_id=3D2031=
68934&utm_source=3Dpost-email-title&utm_campaign=3Demail-post-title&isFreem=
ail=3Dfalse&r=3D1eogb&token=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyMzY0NDkxLCJwb3N0X2lkIjoyMDMxN=
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OCIsInN1YiI6InBvc3QtcmVhY3Rpb24ifQ.1Ndb8Jtnc-UGIjUCxhS6rYBVDA09eGM4NhHxRXh5=
BzI>From
Proxy Networks to Capital Dependency in the Post-War Middle East

Global GeoPolitics <https://substack.com/@globalgeopolitic>
Jun 23
=E2=88=99
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The signing of the Islamabad Memorandum of Understanding between the United
States and the Islamic Republic of Iran on June 17, 2026, marks a decisive
inflection point in the geopolitical trajectory of the Middle East, yet its
true significance lies less in the cessation of hostilities than in the
structural realignment it codifies (1
<https://substack.com/redirect/02d2a47b-f780-40bd-99a3-1fbd7106df51?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
)(2
<https://substack.com/redirect/d3927893-360e-44db-83f4-22be4c2442e8?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>).
The 14-point agreement, brokered in Pakistan and signed electronically by
President Donald Trump and President Masoud Pezeshkian, establishes a
framework that extends far beyond a mere ceasefire, embedding Iran within a
Gulf-led economic architecture and signalling the progressive dismantlement
of the post-World War II security order. While the document has been
publicly framed as a victory for diplomacy, a careful reading of its
provisions, particularly those concerning the Strait of Hormuz and the $300
billion reconstruction fund, reveals a sophisticated mechanism designed to
subordinate Iran to Gulf capital and to facilitate the withdrawal of
American military power from the region, thereby validating the analytical
framework of a managed multipolar transition.
<https://substack.com/redirect/34092272-3324-40ad-b4a2-846016f3d6ba?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>

*(Joint statement later released by Pakistan and Qatar)*

The memorandum=E2=80=99s most immediate and consequential achievement is th=
e formal
termination of military operations on all fronts, including Lebanon,
coupled with a mutual commitment to non-interference in internal affairs
and respect for sovereignty (1
<https://substack.com/redirect/02d2a47b-f780-40bd-99a3-1fbd7106df51?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
)(2
<https://substack.com/redirect/d3927893-360e-44db-83f4-22be4c2442e8?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
). The inclusion of Lebanon, a point reportedly insisted upon by Tehran, is
a matter of considerable geopolitical significance, as it effectively
severs the historical link between Iran=E2=80=99s regional posture and the =
militant
proxy networks that have long defined its strategic depth. By placing the
cessation of Israeli military operations in Lebanon at the core of the
agreement, the United States has constructed a mechanism that ostensibly
protects Lebanese territorial integrity while simultaneously setting the
stage for a direct confrontation between Israel and the new regional order.
This manoeuvre is a deliberate trap designed to facilitate Israel=E2=80=99s
abandonment by forcing it to defy an American-brokered agreement, thereby
providing Washington with the political cover to restructure its
relationship with its erstwhile ally. The Israeli press=E2=80=99s warnings =
of an
impending American embargo should Israel fail to comply with the MOU
underscore the severity of this strategic repositioning.

Vice President J.D. Vance=E2=80=99s public remarks following the B=C3=BCrge=
nstock talks
provide critical insight into the strategic logic of the agreement,
revealing a mechanism that bears striking institutional similarities to the
structural adjustment programs historically imposed by the International
Monetary Fund (7
<https://substack.com/redirect/0b7e5e12-8667-42a8-9f0f-24c88928e82f?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
)(8
<https://substack.com/redirect/47aad9ed-a127-45fa-92e6-ecc7c84d8e84?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
). The $300 billion reconstruction fund, framed by Vance as a mechanism
that will make American farmers richer while feeding the Iranian people, is
not an act of post-war restitution but a sophisticated instrument of
economic leverage that subordinates Iranian reconstruction to the approval
of the United States and its Gulf partners (13
<https://substack.com/redirect/3db52009-d2be-4203-abab-2c7040a6e786?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
)(14
<https://substack.com/redirect/e38855d5-9155-4b63-b450-c95bdea915be?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
). The vice president has clarified that this is not a US taxpayer-funded
initiative, stating unequivocally that Iran will =E2=80=9Cnever get a dime=
=E2=80=9D from
American taxpayers (7
<https://substack.com/redirect/0b7e5e12-8667-42a8-9f0f-24c88928e82f?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
). His press conference on June 18 further outlined the operational logic
involving the release of Iranian frozen assets would first be approved by
the United States, then by Qatar, with the funds subsequently used to
purchase American agricultural products (13
<https://substack.com/redirect/3db52009-d2be-4203-abab-2c7040a6e786?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
)(14
<https://substack.com/redirect/e38855d5-9155-4b63-b450-c95bdea915be?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>).
As Vance explained, Jared Kushner and the Qataris developed this mechanism
where if =E2=80=9CIranian assets are ever unfrozen... they=E2=80=99re going=
 to go to make
American farmers richer and to feed the Iranian people=E2=80=9D(13
<https://substack.com/redirect/3db52009-d2be-4203-abab-2c7040a6e786?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>).
This is not a system of reparations or compensation for the destruction
inflicted during the war; it is a mechanism that redirects Iranian capital
back into the American economy while maintaining US approval authority over
the entire process (8
<https://substack.com/redirect/47aad9ed-a127-45fa-92e6-ecc7c84d8e84?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
).
<https://substack.com/redirect/4a72cfca-fb80-427e-bf88-6f505b05dba7?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>

*( Iran FM, Abbas Aragchi and Pakistani PM, Shehbaz Sharif)*

The structural similarity to IMF programmes is difficult to overlook. The
IMF=E2=80=99s Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility programmes, implement=
ed
across the Middle East from the 1980s onward, operated through a comparable
logic: access to capital was conditioned on the adoption of policy reforms
that served the interests of the creditor institutions (9
<https://substack.com/redirect/274863b8-1e2c-472e-8544-160c3bc558ac?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
)(10
<https://substack.com/redirect/c4d24320-fead-4074-b8c9-488fccac3909?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
)(12
<https://substack.com/redirect/b67cd5a3-cf5e-4132-bad7-fec18442715c?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
). Countries like Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and Tunisia were required to
reduce subsidies, liberalise trade, and privatise state-owned enterprises,
often resulting in severe social costs while failing to stimulate
export-led growth (10
<https://substack.com/redirect/c4d24320-fead-4074-b8c9-488fccac3909?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
). The Iranian reconstruction fund similarly embeds external approval
mechanisms into the country=E2=80=99s economic recovery, with paragraph 6 o=
f the
memorandum requiring that =E2=80=9Call required licenses, waivers and permi=
ssions
needed for the relevant financial transactions will be granted by the
United States of America=E2=80=9D(1
<https://substack.com/redirect/02d2a47b-f780-40bd-99a3-1fbd7106df51?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
)(2
<https://substack.com/redirect/d3927893-360e-44db-83f4-22be4c2442e8?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
(. This is not a partnership of equals but a structure of dependency.
Vance=E2=80=99s consistent emphasis on verification and conditionality rath=
er than
trust reinforces this framework: =E2=80=9CWhether good faith or bad faith, =
you
can=E2=80=99t trust anybody=E2=80=99s words. You have to trust what they ac=
tually do=E2=80=9D(5
<https://substack.com/redirect/5db4258a-a02a-493b-97e9-929ffda14d57?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
). This mirrors the IMF=E2=80=99s framework of phased disbursement and perf=
ormance
criteria, where financial flows are contingent on demonstrated compliance
with agreed benchmarks (9
<https://substack.com/redirect/274863b8-1e2c-472e-8544-160c3bc558ac?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
). The temporary 60-day toll-free passage through the Strait of Hormuz,
established under paragraph 5, similarly operates as a conditional
concession that can be revoked or renegotiated based on Iranian behaviour (=
1
<https://substack.com/redirect/02d2a47b-f780-40bd-99a3-1fbd7106df51?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
)(2
<https://substack.com/redirect/d3927893-360e-44db-83f4-22be4c2442e8?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
).

The distinction between the $300 billion reconstruction fund and IMF
programmes is significant, however. While IMF structural adjustment was
imposed on already-indebted states seeking debt relief, the Iranian fund is
being deployed as a strategic tool in the context of a post-war settlement
that has deliberately degraded Iran=E2=80=99s economic infrastructure. The
targeting of Iran=E2=80=99s nuclear facilities, oil infrastructure, and pow=
er
generation during the war created the conditions that necessitate external
capital, and that capital now arrives with conditions attached. Vance=E2=80=
=99s
claim that the arrangement would =E2=80=9Cmake American farmers richer=E2=
=80=9D while
feeding the Iranian people reveals the dual purpose of the mechanism: it
serves American economic interests while maintaining leverage over Iran=E2=
=80=99s
recovery (13
<https://substack.com/redirect/3db52009-d2be-4203-abab-2c7040a6e786?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
). This is not charity; it is a calculated investment that subordinates
Iranian reconstruction to US interests.

*The Subordination of Iran to Gulf Capital*

Beyond the immediate cessation of hostilities, the memorandum=E2=80=99s tru=
e
transformative potential lies in its provisions for the permanent
resolution of the conflict and the subsequent economic reconstruction of
Iran. Article 6 commits the United States, working with regional partners,
to develop a plan for at least $300 billion for the reconstruction and
economic development of Iran, while Article 11 mandates the full
availability of Iran=E2=80=99s frozen assets (1
<https://substack.com/redirect/02d2a47b-f780-40bd-99a3-1fbd7106df51?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
)(2
<https://substack.com/redirect/d3927893-360e-44db-83f4-22be4c2442e8?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
). It is critical to note that this $300 billion is not a form of war
reparations; rather, it is a private investment vehicle, with more than
half already committed by American and Gulf corporations, as reported by
Reuters. This distinction is fundamental, as it transforms reconstruction
from a matter of justice into a site of capital accumulation. The infusion
of $300 billion in Gulf capital into Iran represents a strategic
reorientation of the regional political economy, moving Iran from a state
of isolation to one of structural dependency on its Gulf neighbours. The
targeting of Iran=E2=80=99s nuclear facilities, oil infrastructure, and pow=
er
generation during the war was not merely a military campaign but a
deliberate degradation of the country=E2=80=99s economic infrastructure, cr=
eating
the very conditions that necessitate such a massive influx of external
capital. This process mirrors the historical mechanisms of the World Bank
and the IMF, where capital is used as a management mechanism to subordinate
economies to the strategic priorities of the financier, a dynamic that is
now being repurposed by Gulf states.
<https://substack.com/redirect/406e1f23-e2d6-4631-a118-27b03f70dcf4?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>

The memorandum=E2=80=99s provision that the reconstruction fund will be dev=
eloped
with =E2=80=9Cregional partners=E2=80=9D is a deliberate ambiguity that poi=
nts toward Gulf
state participation (1
<https://substack.com/redirect/02d2a47b-f780-40bd-99a3-1fbd7106df51?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
)(2
<https://substack.com/redirect/d3927893-360e-44db-83f4-22be4c2442e8?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
). Vance has repeatedly emphasised the importance of working with allies
=E2=80=9Cfrom the Israelis to the Gulf Arabs=E2=80=9D to maintain the regio=
nal ceasefire
and ensure compliance with the agreement. The Gulf states, which bore the
brunt of Iranian attacks during the war, have not confirmed their
willingness to invest in Iranian reconstruction, but Saudi Foreign Minister
Prince Faisal bin Farhan acknowledged that =E2=80=9Cwe=E2=80=99re going to =
have to have a
conversation on how we rebuild that trust, how we rebuild that relationship
before any concept of economic cooperation, mutual investment or anything
like that can rationally be addressed.=E2=80=9D This qualification undersco=
res that
Gulf capital will not flow without security guarantees and verifiable
Iranian compliance. The bilateral approval structure for frozen assets,
with the United States and Qatar holding joint approval authority, ensures
that Iran cannot access its own funds without the consent of both parties,
creating a permanent leverage point that extends beyond the immediate
settlement (13
<https://substack.com/redirect/3db52009-d2be-4203-abab-2c7040a6e786?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
)(14
<https://substack.com/redirect/e38855d5-9155-4b63-b450-c95bdea915be?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
).

*The Strait of Hormuz Paradigm Shift*

The memorandum=E2=80=99s treatment of the Strait of Hormuz represents a par=
adigm
shift with profound implications for global maritime governance. Article 5
mandates that Iran will provide safe passage for commercial vessels without
charge for a period of sixty days only (1
<https://substack.com/redirect/02d2a47b-f780-40bd-99a3-1fbd7106df51?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
)(2
<https://substack.com/redirect/d3927893-360e-44db-83f4-22be4c2442e8?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
). This conditional, time-limited concession is a deliberate acknowledgment
by the United States that the post-war status of the Strait will not be a
simple return to the pre-war order of =E2=80=9Cfreedom of navigation.=E2=80=
=9D Iranian
officials, including Parliament Speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, have
publicly asserted that Iran intends to exercise its sovereign rights and
charge service fees for transit through the Strait after this period
expires. This assertion is not a mere negotiating tactic but a formal
challenge to the post-World War II framework that systematically
dispossessed strategically located countries of their natural leverage over
maritime chokepoints. This principle, once established, could have a
cascading effect on other critical passages such as the Strait of Malacca,
Bab el-Mandeb, and the Suez Canal, potentially empowering Muslim-majority
states to monetise their geographic positions in a manner that was
previously structurally prohibited. The successful establishment of a
tolling system at Hormuz would fundamentally alter the economic and
security calculus for global energy markets and validate a new model of
maritime sovereignty based on the assertion of territorial rights over
international trade arteries.

*The Strategic Implications of the New Regional Order*

The Islamabad Memorandum is not a conventional peace treaty but an
architectural blueprint for a managed regional transition. It successfully
dismantles the symbiotic relationship between Iranian hardliners and the
Zionist project, removing the IRGC=E2=80=99s strategic depth and replacing =
it with
a dependency on Gulf capital. It facilitates the withdrawal of American
military forces from the region, as explicitly mandated in Article 4, while
simultaneously embedding Iran into a dollarised financial system that
recreates the very vulnerabilities the 1979 revolution sought to escape (1
<https://substack.com/redirect/02d2a47b-f780-40bd-99a3-1fbd7106df51?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
)(6
<https://substack.com/redirect/354377f1-71fd-4ded-a495-d229ea742890?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
). Vance has confirmed that the United States is prepared to reduce its
military presence near Iran to pre-conflict levels, stating: =E2=80=9CWhat =
we=E2=80=99re
saying is that we will withdraw troops to the pre-conflict level, meaning
we=E2=80=99re not going to keep a couple of extra aircraft carrier groups o=
ver
there=E2=80=9D(6
<https://substack.com/redirect/354377f1-71fd-4ded-a495-d229ea742890?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
). The strategic decapitation of the IRGC leadership was an external purge,
clearing the way for the pragmatists to negotiate a deal that dismantles
the axis of resistance in favour of regional economic integration.
<https://substack.com/redirect/4a2e2e73-4273-4d72-999a-c5e55f39f529?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>

(*Iran=E2=80=99s Ghalibaf: =E2=80=98In the middle of the discussions, I lea=
rned that Trump
had made threatening remarks regarding our president, the negotiating team,
and possible attacks on our territory. We ended the negotiations, left the
meeting, and did not return.=E2=80=9D)*

While this transition is framed by its architects as a positive step
towards a multipolar order and collective Muslim sovereignty, it remains a
process of subordination, the transfer of Iran=E2=80=99s political and econ=
omic
independence from the West to the Gulf, a process that, while less
culturally antagonistic, still represents the subjugation of one national
bourgeoisie to another. The question for the region, and for the wider
Global South, is whether this new architecture will ultimately lead to a
genuine diffusion of power or merely represent a change in the management
of the existing system.

Authored By: Global GeoPolitics
<https://open.substack.com/users/247935545-global-geopolitics?utm_source=3D=
mentions>

*If you prefer to make a one time donation in support of my work, you can
do so by clicking any link below*:

https://buymeacoffee.com/ggtv |

https://ko-fi.com/globalgeopolitics |

Bitcoin: 3NiK8BoRZnkwJSHZSekuXKFizGPopkE7ns

*References*

1
<https://substack.com/redirect/02d2a47b-f780-40bd-99a3-1fbd7106df51?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
. Western Advocate. (2026, June 18). *Interim 14-point US-Iran Memorandum
of Understanding*.
https://www.westernadvocate.com.au/story/9294448/interim-14-point-us-iran-m=
emorandum-of-understanding/
<https://substack.com/redirect/02d2a47b-f780-40bd-99a3-1fbd7106df51?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>

2
<https://substack.com/redirect/d3927893-360e-44db-83f4-22be4c2442e8?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
. Ahram Online. (2026, June 18). *Factbox | Full text of 14-point US-Iran
agreement released by Washington*.
https://english.ahram.org.eg/UI/Front/Inner.aspx?NewsContentID=3D571111
<https://substack.com/redirect/d3927893-360e-44db-83f4-22be4c2442e8?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>

5
<https://substack.com/redirect/5db4258a-a02a-493b-97e9-929ffda14d57?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
. Mediaite. (2026, June 18). *=E2=80=98Countries Don=E2=80=99t Give Up the =
Right of
Self-Defense=E2=80=99: JD Vance Confronted Over Trump=E2=80=99s Ballistic M=
issile Flip-Flop*.
https://www.mediaite.com/media/tv/countries-dont-give-up-the-right-of-self-=
defense-jd-vance-confronted-over-trumps-ballistic-missile-flip-flop/
<https://substack.com/redirect/5db4258a-a02a-493b-97e9-929ffda14d57?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>

6
<https://substack.com/redirect/354377f1-71fd-4ded-a495-d229ea742890?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
. TASS. (2026, June 18). *US troop presence near Iran to return to
pre-conflict levels under final deal -Vance*. https://tass.com/world/214856=
3
<https://substack.com/redirect/354377f1-71fd-4ded-a495-d229ea742890?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>

7
<https://substack.com/redirect/0b7e5e12-8667-42a8-9f0f-24c88928e82f?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
. UPI. (2026, June 18). *Vance denies U.S. made concessions in Iran peace
agreement*.
https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2026/06/18/vance-press-briefing-iran-peace-=
agreement/7851781804721/
<https://substack.com/redirect/0b7e5e12-8667-42a8-9f0f-24c88928e82f?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>

8
<https://substack.com/redirect/47aad9ed-a127-45fa-92e6-ecc7c84d8e84?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
. Mediaite. (2026, June 18). *Vance Rips Media Coverage of $300 Billion
Fund to Iran, Which He Confirmed in the First Place*.
https://www.mediaite.com/media/news/vance-rips-media-coverage-of-300-billio=
n-fund-to-iran-which-he-confirmed-in-the-first-place/
<https://substack.com/redirect/47aad9ed-a127-45fa-92e6-ecc7c84d8e84?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>

9
<https://substack.com/redirect/274863b8-1e2c-472e-8544-160c3bc558ac?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
. Control Risks. (2024). *IMF support for MENA: no easy way out*.
https://www.controlrisks.com/our-thinking/insights/imf-support-for-mena-no-=
easy-way-out
<https://substack.com/redirect/274863b8-1e2c-472e-8544-160c3bc558ac?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>

10
<https://substack.com/redirect/c4d24320-fead-4074-b8c9-488fccac3909?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
. Institute of Development Studies. (2022). *Has policy-based lending by
the IMF and World Bank been effective in the Arab world?*.
https://archive.ids.ac.uk/eldis/document/A40477.html
<https://substack.com/redirect/c4d24320-fead-4074-b8c9-488fccac3909?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>

12
<https://substack.com/redirect/b67cd5a3-cf5e-4132-bad7-fec18442715c?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
. Richter, T. (German Institute of Global and Area Studies). *Political
Economy of IMF and World Bank Interventions in the Middle East*. Columbia
University CIAO.
https://ciao-test.cdrs.columbia.edu/catalog.html?f%5Bauthor%5D%5B%5D=3DThom=
as+Richter&f%5Binstitution%5D%5B%5D=3DGerman+Institute+of+Global+and+Area+S=
tudies&f%5Blocation%5D%5B%5D=3DMiddle+East&search_field=3Dall_fields&search=
ed=3Dyes&sort=3Drelevance
<https://substack.com/redirect/6736b2d7-dfbc-419e-ae7b-104677c0d901?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>

13
<https://substack.com/redirect/3db52009-d2be-4203-abab-2c7040a6e786?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
. DTN Progressive Farmer. (2026, June 22). *Vance: Unfrozen Iran Assets
Could Be Used for US Soy, Corn and Wheat*.
https://www.dtnpf.com/agriculture/web/ag/news/business-inputs/article/2026/=
06/22/vance-unfrozen-iran-assets-used-us
<https://substack.com/redirect/3db52009-d2be-4203-abab-2c7040a6e786?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>

14
<https://substack.com/redirect/e38855d5-9155-4b63-b450-c95bdea915be?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>
. Lokmat Times. (2026, June 22). *Vance unveils plan for Iran funds, US
farm exports*.
https://www.lokmattimes.com/international/vance-unveils-plan-for-iran-funds=
-us-farm-exports/
<https://substack.com/redirect/e38855d5-9155-4b63-b450-c95bdea915be?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc>

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tyle=3D"vertical-align:middle;width:100%"><a href=3D"https://substack.com/a=
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gn:middle;width:100%;border-radius:12px"></a></td></tr></tbody></table><tab=
le role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cell=
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d></td></tr><tr><td><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0=
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tyle=3D"vertical-align:middle;width:100%"><table role=3D"presentation" widt=
h=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D"box-si=
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<tbody><tr><td align=3D"center" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;m=
in-height:40px;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;border-radius:8px;background-=
color:#e8b500"><a href=3D"https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=
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ble></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr height=3D"8"><td></td></tr><tr>=
<td><div style=3D"font-size:16px;line-height:26px;height:16px">=C2=A0</div>=
</td></tr></tbody></table><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"padding:32px 0 0 0;fon=
t-size:16px;line-height:26px"><div role=3D"region" aria-label=3D"Post heade=
r" style=3D"font-size:16px;line-height:26px"><h1 dir=3D"auto" style=3D"dire=
ction:auto;text-align:start;unicode-bidi:isolate;color:rgb(54,55,55);font-f=
amily:&#39;SF Pro Display&#39;,-apple-system-headline,system-ui,-apple-syst=
em,BlinkMacSystemFont,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,=
&#39;Apple Color Emoji&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI Emoji&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI Symbol&#=
39;;font-weight:bold;margin:0;line-height:36px;font-size:32px"><a href=3D"h=
ttps://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3D2723908&amp;post_id=3D20=
3168934&amp;utm_source=3Dpost-email-title&amp;utm_campaign=3Demail-post-tit=
le&amp;isFreemail=3Dfalse&amp;r=3D1eogb&amp;token=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoyMzY0NDk=
xLCJwb3N0X2lkIjoyMDMxNjg5MzQsImlhdCI6MTc4MjE5NDgyMCwiZXhwIjoxNzg0Nzg2ODIwLC=
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S6rYBVDA09eGM4NhHxRXh5BzI" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:non=
e" target=3D"_blank">The Trap of Reconstruction - How the US-Iran Deal Subo=
rdinates Tehran to Gulf Capital</a></h1><h3 dir=3D"auto" style=3D"direction=
:auto;text-align:start;unicode-bidi:isolate;font-family:&#39;SF Pro Display=
&#39;,-apple-system-headline,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&#3=
9;Segoe UI&#39;,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,&#39;Apple Color Emoji&#3=
9;,&#39;Segoe UI Emoji&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI Symbol&#39;;font-weight:normal;ma=
rgin:4px 0 0;color:#777777;line-height:24px;font-size:18px;margin-top:12px"=
>From Proxy Networks to Capital Dependency in the Post-War Middle East</h3>=
<table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" =
cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D"margin:1em 0;height:20px"><tbody><tr><td><table =
role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpad=
ding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" borde=
r=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertica=
l-align:middle"><div style=3D"list-style:none;font-size:11px;line-height:20=
px;text-decoration:unset;color:rgb(54,55,55);margin:0;font-family:&#39;SF C=
ompact&#39;,-apple-system,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&#39;S=
egoe UI&#39;,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,&#39;Apple Color Emoji&#39;,=
&#39;Segoe UI Emoji&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI Symbol&#39;;font-weight:500;text-tra=
nsform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.2px"><a style=3D"list-style:none;color:rgb=
(54,55,55);margin:0;font-size:11px;line-height:20px;font-family:&#39;SF Com=
pact&#39;,-apple-system,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&#39;Seg=
oe UI&#39;,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,&#39;Apple Color Emoji&#39;,&#=
39;Segoe UI Emoji&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI Symbol&#39;;font-weight:500;text-trans=
form:uppercase;letter-spacing:.2px;text-decoration:none" href=3D"https://su=
bstack.com/@globalgeopolitic" target=3D"_blank">Global GeoPolitics</a></div=
></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td><table role=3D"presentation" w=
idth=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><=
td style=3D"vertical-align:middle"><div style=3D"list-style:none;font-size:=
11px;line-height:20px;text-decoration:unset;color:rgb(119,119,119);margin:0=
;font-family:&#39;SF Compact&#39;,-apple-system,system-ui,-apple-system,Bli=
nkMacSystemFont,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,&#39;A=
pple Color Emoji&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI Emoji&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI Symbol&#39;;fo=
nt-weight:500;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.2px">Jun 23</div></t=
d><td width=3D"4" style=3D"min-width:4px"></td><td style=3D"vertical-align:=
middle"><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacin=
g=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle"><d=
iv style=3D"list-style:none;font-size:11px;line-height:20px;text-decoration=
:unset;color:rgb(119,119,119);margin:0;font-family:&#39;SF Compact&#39;,-ap=
ple-system,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,Ro=
boto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,&#39;Apple Color Emoji&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI E=
moji&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI Symbol&#39;;font-weight:500;text-transform:uppercas=
e;letter-spacing:.2px">=E2=88=99</div></td><td width=3D"4" style=3D"min-wid=
th:4px"></td><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle"><div style=3D"list-style:n=
one;font-size:11px;line-height:20px;text-decoration:unset;color:rgb(94,73,2=
17);margin:0;font-family:&#39;SF Compact&#39;,-apple-system,system-ui,-appl=
e-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-=
serif,&#39;Apple Color Emoji&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI Emoji&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI Sy=
mbol&#39;;font-weight:500;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.2px">Pai=
d</div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbod=
y></table></td><td align=3D"right"><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"au=
to" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=
=3D"vertical-align:middle"><a href=3D"https://substack.com/@globalgeopoliti=
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le role=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cell=
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ole=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadd=
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-align:middle"><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"38" border=3D"0" cells=
pacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center"><a href=3D"h=
ttps://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3D2723908&amp;post_id=3D20=
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le></td><td width=3D"8" style=3D"min-width:8px"></td><td style=3D"vertical-=
align:middle"><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"38" border=3D"0" cellsp=
acing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center"><a href=3D"ht=
tps://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3D2723908&amp;post_id=3D203=
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HxRXh5BzI&amp;r=3D1eogb&amp;utm_campaign=3Demail-half-magic-comments&amp;ac=
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00;border:1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius:9999px;text-transform:upper=
case;font-size:12px;line-height:1;padding:9px 0;text-decoration:none;color:=
rgb(119,119,119);min-width:38px;box-sizing:border-box;width:38px" target=3D=
"_blank"><img src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!x1tS!,w_36,c_s=
cale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Fic=
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ical-align:middle;max-width:18px" alt=3D""></a></td></tr></tbody></table></=
td><td width=3D"8" style=3D"min-width:8px"></td><td style=3D"vertical-align=
:middle"><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"38" border=3D"0" cellspacing=
=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center"><a href=3D"https:/=
/substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3D2723908&amp;post_id=3D20316893=
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BVDA09eGM4NhHxRXh5BzI" style=3D"font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMa=
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y:inline-block;font-weight:500;border:1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius=
:9999px;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:12px;line-height:1;padding:9px 0=
;text-decoration:none;color:rgb(119,119,119);min-width:38px;box-sizing:bord=
er-box;width:38px" target=3D"_blank"><img src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/im=
age/fetch/$s_!_L14!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/htt=
ps%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideShare2%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%=
3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2" width=3D"18" height=3D"18"=
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td></tr></tbody></table></td><td width=3D"8" style=3D"min-width:8px"></td><=
td style=3D"vertical-align:middle"><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"38=
" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"=
center"><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/2/eyJlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9vcGVu=
LnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9wdWIvZ2d0dnN0cmVhbXMvcC90aGUtdHJhcC1vZi1yZWNvbnN0cnVjdGl=
vbi1ob3ctdGhlP3V0bV9zb3VyY2U9c3Vic3RhY2smdXRtX21lZGl1bT1lbWFpbCZ1dG1fY2FtcG=
FpZ249ZW1haWwtcmVzdGFjay1jb21tZW50JmFjdGlvbj1yZXN0YWNrLWNvbW1lbnQmcj0xZW9nY=
iZ0b2tlbj1leUoxYzJWeVgybGtJam95TXpZME5Ea3hMQ0p3YjNOMFgybGtJam95TURNeE5qZzVN=
elFzSW1saGRDSTZNVGM0TWpFNU5EZ3lNQ3dpWlhod0lqb3hOemcwTnpnMk9ESXdMQ0pwYzNNaU9=
pSndkV0l0TWpjeU16a3dPQ0lzSW5OMVlpSTZJbkJ2YzNRdGNtVmhZM1JwYjI0aWZRLjFOZGI4Sn=
RuYy1VR0lqVUN4aFM2cllCVkRBMDllR000TmhIeFJYaDVCekkiLCJwIjoyMDMxNjg5MzQsInMiO=
jI3MjM5MDgsImYiOmZhbHNlLCJ1IjoyMzY0NDkxLCJpYXQiOjE3ODIxOTQ4MjAsImV4cCI6MjA5=
Nzc3MDgyMCwiaXNzIjoicHViLTAiLCJzdWIiOiJsaW5rLXJlZGlyZWN0In0.y7OuKHturUQhhMd=
C9rTA1l4WU7rRwky56lXPavIkPG0?&amp;utm_source=3Dsubstack&amp;utm_medium=3Dem=
ail" style=3D"font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&#39;S=
egoe UI&#39;,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,&#39;Apple Color Emoji&#39;,=
&#39;Segoe UI Emoji&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI Symbol&#39;;display:inline-block;fon=
t-weight:500;border:1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.1);border-radius:9999px;text-trans=
form:uppercase;font-size:12px;line-height:1;padding:9px 0;text-decoration:n=
one;color:rgb(119,119,119);min-width:38px;box-sizing:border-box;width:38px"=
 target=3D"_blank"><img src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ubXF=
!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstac=
k.com%2Ficon%2Fnotes__NoteRestackIcon%3Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%2=
6stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2%26strokeLinecap%3Dround%26strokeLin=
ejoin%3Dround" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" alt=3D"" style=3D"max-width:550px=
;border:none!important;vertical-align:middle"></a></td></tr></tbody></table=
></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td align=3D"right"><table role=3D"presenta=
tion" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbod=
y><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle"><table role=3D"presentation" widt=
h=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td =
align=3D"center"><a href=3D"https://open.substack.com/pub/ggtvstreams/p/the=
-trap-of-reconstruction-how-the?utm_source=3Demail&amp;redirect=3Dapp-store=
&amp;utm_campaign=3Demail-read-in-app" style=3D"font-family:system-ui,-appl=
e-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-=
serif,&#39;Apple Color Emoji&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI Emoji&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI Sy=
mbol&#39;;display:inline-block;font-weight:500;border:1px solid rgb(0,0,0,.=
1);border-radius:9999px;text-transform:uppercase;font-size:12px;line-height=
:12px;padding:9px 14px;text-decoration:none;color:rgb(119,119,119)" target=
=3D"_blank"><div style=3D"font-size:16px;line-height:26px;display:inline-bl=
ock;vertical-align:middle;max-width:0;min-height:18px"></div><span style=3D=
"vertical-align:middle;margin-right:4px">READ IN APP</span><img src=3D"http=
s://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ET-_!,w_36,c_scale,f_png,q_auto:good,fl=
_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack.com%2Ficon%2FLucideArrowUpRight%3=
Fv%3D4%26height%3D36%26fill%3Dnone%26stroke%3D%2523808080%26strokeWidth%3D2=
" width=3D"18" height=3D"18" style=3D"min-width:18px;min-height:18px;border=
:none;vertical-align:middle;margin-right:0;margin-left:0;max-width:18px" al=
t=3D""></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></=
tbody></table></td></tr><tr height=3D"16"><td height=3D"16" style=3D"font-s=
ize:0px;line-height:0">=C2=A0</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div dir=
=3D"auto" style=3D"padding:32px 0 0 0;font-size:16px;line-height:26px"><div=
 dir=3D"auto" style=3D"text-align:initial;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;w=
idth:100%;word-break:break-word;margin-bottom:16px"><p style=3D"margin:0 0 =
20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px;margin-top:0"></=
p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-s=
ize:16px"><span>The signing of the Islamabad Memorandum of Understanding be=
tween the United States and the Islamic Republic of Iran on June 17, 2026, =
marks a decisive inflection point in the geopolitical trajectory of the Mid=
dle East, yet its true significance lies less in the cessation of hostiliti=
es than in the structural realignment it codifies (</span><a href=3D"https:=
//substack.com/redirect/02d2a47b-f780-40bd-99a3-1fbd7106df51?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMW=
VvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54=
,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank">1</a><span>)</span><a =
href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/d3927893-360e-44db-83f4-22be4c2442e8?=
j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=
=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank">(2</a>=
<span>). The 14-point agreement, brokered in Pakistan and signed electronic=
ally by President Donald Trump and President Masoud Pezeshkian, establishes=
 a framework that extends far beyond a mere ceasefire, embedding Iran withi=
n a Gulf-led economic architecture and signalling the progressive dismantle=
ment of the post-World War II security order. While the document has been p=
ublicly framed as a victory for diplomacy, a careful reading of its provisi=
ons, particularly those concerning the Strait of Hormuz and the $300 billio=
n reconstruction fund, reveals a sophisticated mechanism designed to subord=
inate Iran to Gulf capital and to facilitate the withdrawal of American mil=
itary power from the region, thereby validating the analytical framework of=
 a managed multipolar transition.</span></p><div style=3D"font-size:16px;li=
ne-height:26px;margin:32px auto"><table width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspa=
cing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"text-align:center"></t=
d><td align=3D"left" width=3D"744" style=3D"text-align:center"><a href=3D"h=
ttps://substack.com/redirect/34092272-3324-40ad-b4a2-846016f3d6ba?j=3DeyJ1I=
joiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"padding=
:0;width:auto;height:auto;border:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;ma=
rgin:0" target=3D"_blank"><img alt=3D"" width=3D"550" height=3D"758.4677419=
354839" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FKSP!,w_1100,c_limit=
,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.=
s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0f44de80-3769-4ef6-b926-6ba6dff6d14f_7=
44x1026.jpeg" style=3D"border:none!important;vertical-align:middle;display:=
block;height:auto;margin-bottom:0;width:auto!important;max-width:100%!impor=
tant;margin:0 auto"></a></td><td style=3D"text-align:center"></td></tr></tb=
ody></table></div><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-he=
ight:26px;font-size:16px"><em>(Joint statement later released by=C2=A0Pakis=
tan and Qatar)</em></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);li=
ne-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>The memorandum=E2=80=99s most immediat=
e and consequential achievement is the formal termination of military opera=
tions on all fronts, including Lebanon, coupled with a mutual commitment to=
 non-interference in internal affairs and respect for sovereignty (</span><=
a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/02d2a47b-f780-40bd-99a3-1fbd7106df5=
1?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=
=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank"><span>=
1</span></a><span>)</span><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/d3927893=
-360e-44db-83f4-22be4c2442e8?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMY=
Z8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underlin=
e" target=3D"_blank"><span>(2</span></a><span>)</span><span>. The inclusion=
 of Lebanon, a point reportedly insisted upon by Tehran, is a matter of con=
siderable geopolitical significance, as it effectively severs the historica=
l link between Iran=E2=80=99s regional posture and the militant proxy netwo=
rks that have long defined its strategic depth. By placing the cessation of=
 Israeli military operations in Lebanon at the core of the agreement, the U=
nited States has constructed a mechanism that ostensibly protects Lebanese =
territorial integrity while simultaneously setting the stage for a direct c=
onfrontation between Israel and the new regional order. This manoeuvre is a=
 deliberate trap designed to facilitate Israel=E2=80=99s abandonment by for=
cing it to defy an American-brokered agreement, thereby providing Washingto=
n with the political cover to restructure its relationship with its erstwhi=
le ally. The Israeli press=E2=80=99s warnings of an impending American emba=
rgo should Israel fail to comply with the MOU underscore the severity of th=
is strategic repositioning.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:r=
gb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>Vice President J.D. Van=
ce=E2=80=99s public remarks following the B=C3=BCrgenstock talks provide cr=
itical insight into the strategic logic of the agreement, revealing a mecha=
nism that bears striking institutional similarities to the structural adjus=
tment programs historically imposed by the International Monetary Fund (</s=
pan><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/0b7e5e12-8667-42a8-9f0f-24c889=
28e82f?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" =
style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank"><=
span>7</span></a><span>)</span><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/47a=
ad9ed-a127-45fa-92e6-ecc7c84d8e84?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo=
3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:und=
erline" target=3D"_blank"><span>(8</span></a><span>)</span><span>. The $300=
 billion reconstruction fund, framed by Vance as a mechanism that will make=
 American farmers richer while feeding the Iranian people, is not an act of=
 post-war restitution but a sophisticated instrument of economic leverage t=
hat subordinates Iranian reconstruction to the approval of the United State=
s and its Gulf partners </span><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/3db=
52009-d2be-4203-abab-2c7040a6e786?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo=
3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:und=
erline" target=3D"_blank"><span>(13</span></a><span>)</span><a href=3D"http=
s://substack.com/redirect/e38855d5-9155-4b63-b450-c95bdea915be?j=3DeyJ1Ijoi=
MWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(=
54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank"><span>(14</span></a>=
<span>)</span><span>. The vice president has clarified that this is not a U=
S taxpayer-funded initiative, stating unequivocally that Iran will =E2=80=
=9Cnever get a dime=E2=80=9D from American taxpayers (</span><a href=3D"htt=
ps://substack.com/redirect/0b7e5e12-8667-42a8-9f0f-24c88928e82f?j=3DeyJ1Ijo=
iMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb=
(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank"><span>7</span></a><=
span>)</span><span>. His press conference on June 18 further outlined the o=
perational logic involving t</span><span>he release of Iranian frozen asset=
s would first be approved by the United States, then by Qatar, with the fun=
ds subsequently used to purchase American agricultural products (</span><a =
href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/3db52009-d2be-4203-abab-2c7040a6e786?=
j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=
=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank">13</a>=
<span>)</span><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/e38855d5-9155-4b63-b=
450-c95bdea915be?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXY=
qlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D=
"_blank">(14</a><span>). As Vance explained, Jared Kushner and the Qataris =
developed this mechanism where if =E2=80=9CIranian assets are ever unfrozen=
... they=E2=80=99re going to go to make American farmers richer and to feed=
 the Iranian people=E2=80=9D</span><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect=
/3db52009-d2be-4203-abab-2c7040a6e786?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2=
wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration=
:underline" target=3D"_blank">(13</a><span>). This is not a system of repar=
ations or compensation for the destruction inflicted during the war; it is =
a mechanism that redirects Iranian capital back into the American economy w=
hile maintaining US approval authority over the entire process (</span><a h=
ref=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/47aad9ed-a127-45fa-92e6-ecc7c84d8e84?j=
=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D=
"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank">8</a><spa=
n>).</span></p><div style=3D"font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:32px au=
to"><table width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0">=
<tbody><tr><td style=3D"text-align:center"></td><td align=3D"left" width=3D=
"1456" style=3D"text-align:center"><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect=
/4a72cfca-fb80-427e-bf88-6f505b05dba7?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2=
wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"padding:0;width:auto;height:auto;bo=
rder:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin:0" target=3D"_blank"><i=
mg alt=3D"" width=3D"550" height=3D"405.3228021978022" src=3D"https://subst=
ackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D-mF!,w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progr=
essive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2F=
images%2Fb716cb5d-1691-49c8-bfcf-f446956e8ee1_1461x1077.jpeg" style=3D"bord=
er:none!important;vertical-align:middle;display:block;height:auto;margin-bo=
ttom:0;width:auto!important;max-width:100%!important;margin:0 auto"></a></t=
d><td style=3D"text-align:center"></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p style=
=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px">=
<em>( Iran FM, Abbas Aragchi and Pakistani PM, Shehbaz Sharif)</em></p><p s=
tyle=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16=
px"><span>The structural similarity to IMF programmes is difficult to overl=
ook. The IMF=E2=80=99s Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility programmes, =
implemented across the Middle East from the 1980s onward, operated through =
a comparable logic: access to capital was conditioned on the adoption of po=
licy reforms that served the interests of the creditor institutions (</span=
><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/274863b8-1e2c-472e-8544-160c3bc55=
8ac?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" sty=
le=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank"><spa=
n>9</span></a><span>)</span><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/c4d243=
20-fead-4074-b8c9-488fccac3909?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fG=
MYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underl=
ine" target=3D"_blank"><span>(10</span></a><span>)</span><a href=3D"https:/=
/substack.com/redirect/b67cd5a3-cf5e-4132-bad7-fec18442715c?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWV=
vZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,=
55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank"><span>(12</span></a><sp=
an>)</span><span>. Countries like Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and Tunisia were =
required to reduce subsidies, liberalise trade, and privatise state-owned e=
nterprises, often resulting in severe social costs while failing to stimula=
te export-led growth (</span><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/c4d24=
320-fead-4074-b8c9-488fccac3909?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3f=
GMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:under=
line" target=3D"_blank"><span>10</span></a><span>)</span><span>. The Irania=
n reconstruction fund similarly embeds external approval mechanisms into th=
e country=E2=80=99s economic recovery, with paragraph 6 of the memorandum r=
equiring that =E2=80=9Call required licenses, waivers and permissions neede=
d for the relevant financial transactions will be granted by the United Sta=
tes of America=E2=80=9D</span><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/02d2=
a47b-f780-40bd-99a3-1fbd7106df51?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3=
fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:unde=
rline" target=3D"_blank"><span>(1</span></a><span>)</span><a href=3D"https:=
//substack.com/redirect/d3927893-360e-44db-83f4-22be4c2442e8?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMW=
VvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54=
,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank"><span>(2</span></a><sp=
an>(</span><span>. This is not a partnership of equals but a structure of d=
ependency. Vance=E2=80=99s consistent emphasis on verification and conditio=
nality rather than trust reinforces this framework: =E2=80=9CWhether good f=
aith or bad faith, you can=E2=80=99t trust anybody=E2=80=99s words. You hav=
e to trust what they actually do=E2=80=9D</span><a href=3D"https://substack=
.com/redirect/5db4258a-a02a-493b-97e9-929ffda14d57?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.J=
ilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);te=
xt-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank"><span>(5</span></a><span>)</span=
><span>. This mirrors the IMF=E2=80=99s framework of phased disbursement an=
d performance criteria, where financial flows are contingent on demonstrate=
d compliance with agreed benchmarks (</span><a href=3D"https://substack.com=
/redirect/274863b8-1e2c-472e-8544-160c3bc558ac?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZI=
SJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-d=
ecoration:underline" target=3D"_blank"><span>9</span></a><span>)</span><spa=
n>. The temporary 60-day toll-free passage through the Strait of Hormuz, es=
tablished under paragraph 5, similarly operates as a conditional concession=
 that can be revoked or renegotiated based on Iranian behaviour (</span><a =
href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/02d2a47b-f780-40bd-99a3-1fbd7106df51?=
j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=
=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank"><span>=
1</span></a><span>)</span><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/d3927893=
-360e-44db-83f4-22be4c2442e8?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMY=
Z8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underlin=
e" target=3D"_blank"><span>(2</span></a><span>)</span><span>.</span></p><p =
style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:1=
6px"><span>The distinction between the $300 billion reconstruction fund and=
 IMF programmes is significant, however. While IMF structural adjustment wa=
s imposed on already-indebted states seeking debt relief, the Iranian fund =
is being deployed as a strategic tool in the context of a post-war settleme=
nt that has deliberately degraded Iran=E2=80=99s economic infrastructure. T=
he targeting of Iran=E2=80=99s nuclear facilities, oil infrastructure, and =
power generation during the war created the conditions that necessitate ext=
ernal capital, and that capital now arrives with conditions attached. Vance=
=E2=80=99s claim that the arrangement would =E2=80=9Cmake American farmers =
richer=E2=80=9D while feeding the Iranian people reveals the dual purpose o=
f the mechanism: it serves American economic interests while maintaining le=
verage over Iran=E2=80=99s recovery (</span><a href=3D"https://substack.com=
/redirect/3db52009-d2be-4203-abab-2c7040a6e786?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZI=
SJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-d=
ecoration:underline" target=3D"_blank"><span>13</span></a><span>)</span><sp=
an>. This is not charity; it is a calculated investment that subordinates I=
ranian reconstruction to US interests.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20p=
x 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><em>The Subordinat=
ion of Iran to Gulf Capital</em></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb=
(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>Beyond the immediate cess=
ation of hostilities, the memorandum=E2=80=99s true transformative potentia=
l lies in its provisions for the permanent resolution of the conflict and t=
he subsequent economic reconstruction of Iran. Article 6 commits the United=
 States, working with regional partners, to develop a plan for at least $30=
0 billion for the reconstruction and economic development of Iran, while Ar=
ticle 11 mandates the full availability of Iran=E2=80=99s frozen assets (</=
span><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/02d2a47b-f780-40bd-99a3-1fbd7=
106df51?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc"=
 style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank">=
<span>1</span></a><span>)</span><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/d3=
927893-360e-44db-83f4-22be4c2442e8?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLC=
o3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:un=
derline" target=3D"_blank"><span>(2</span></a><span>)</span><span>. It is c=
ritical to note that this $300 billion is not a form of war reparations; ra=
ther, it is a private investment vehicle, with more than half already commi=
tted by American and Gulf corporations, as reported by Reuters. This distin=
ction is fundamental, as it transforms reconstruction from a matter of just=
ice into a site of capital accumulation. The infusion of $300 billion in Gu=
lf capital into Iran represents a strategic reorientation of the regional p=
olitical economy, moving Iran from a state of isolation to one of structura=
l dependency on its Gulf neighbours. The targeting of Iran=E2=80=99s nuclea=
r facilities, oil infrastructure, and power generation during the war was n=
ot merely a military campaign but a deliberate degradation of the country=
=E2=80=99s economic infrastructure, creating the very conditions that neces=
sitate such a massive influx of external capital. This process mirrors the =
historical mechanisms of the World Bank and the IMF, where capital is used =
as a management mechanism to subordinate economies to the strategic priorit=
ies of the financier, a dynamic that is now being repurposed by Gulf states=
.</span></p><div style=3D"font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:32px auto"=
><table width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tb=
ody><tr><td style=3D"text-align:center"></td><td align=3D"left" width=3D"13=
38" style=3D"text-align:center"><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/40=
6e1f23-e2d6-4631-a118-27b03f70dcf4?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLC=
o3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"padding:0;width:auto;height:auto;borde=
r:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin:0" target=3D"_blank"><img =
alt=3D"" width=3D"550" height=3D"1444.880418535127" src=3D"https://substack=
cdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p6m4!,w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progress=
ive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fima=
ges%2F5b26aaaf-11ad-4617-91dc-d4d7374194f2_1338x3515.jpeg" style=3D"border:=
none!important;vertical-align:middle;display:block;height:auto;margin-botto=
m:0;width:auto!important;max-width:100%!important;margin:0 auto"></a></td><=
td style=3D"text-align:center"></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p style=3D"=
margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"></p>=
<p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-siz=
e:16px"><span>The memorandum=E2=80=99s provision that the reconstruction fu=
nd will be developed with =E2=80=9Cregional partners=E2=80=9D is a delibera=
te ambiguity that points toward Gulf state participation (</span><a href=3D=
"https://substack.com/redirect/02d2a47b-f780-40bd-99a3-1fbd7106df51?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color=
:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank"><span>1</span><=
/a><span>)</span><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/d3927893-360e-44d=
b-83f4-22be4c2442e8?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFE=
iXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=
=3D"_blank"><span>(2</span></a><span>)</span><span>. Vance has repeatedly e=
mphasised the importance of working with allies =E2=80=9Cfrom the Israelis =
to the Gulf Arabs=E2=80=9D to maintain the regional ceasefire and ensure co=
mpliance with the agreement. The Gulf states, which bore the brunt of Irani=
an attacks during the war, have not confirmed their willingness to invest i=
n Iranian reconstruction, but Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farh=
an acknowledged that =E2=80=9Cwe=E2=80=99re going to have to have a convers=
ation on how we rebuild that trust, how we rebuild that relationship before=
 any concept of economic cooperation, mutual investment or anything like th=
at can rationally be addressed.=E2=80=9D This qualification underscores tha=
t Gulf capital will not flow without security guarantees and verifiable Ira=
nian compliance. The bilateral approval structure for frozen assets, with t=
he United States and Qatar holding joint approval authority, ensures that I=
ran cannot access its own funds without the consent of both parties, creati=
ng a permanent leverage point that extends beyond the immediate settlement =
(</span><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/3db52009-d2be-4203-abab-2c=
7040a6e786?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxv=
Oc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blan=
k"><span>13</span></a><span>)</span><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirec=
t/e38855d5-9155-4b63-b450-c95bdea915be?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B=
2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoratio=
n:underline" target=3D"_blank"><span>(14</span></a><span>)</span><span>.</s=
pan></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;=
font-size:16px"><em>The Strait of Hormuz Paradigm Shift</em></p><p style=3D=
"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><sp=
an>The memorandum=E2=80=99s treatment of the Strait of Hormuz represents a =
paradigm shift with profound implications for global maritime governance. A=
rticle 5 mandates that Iran will provide safe passage for commercial vessel=
s without charge for a period of sixty days only (</span><a href=3D"https:/=
/substack.com/redirect/02d2a47b-f780-40bd-99a3-1fbd7106df51?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWV=
vZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,=
55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank"><span>1</span></a><span=
>)(</span><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/d3927893-360e-44db-83f4-=
22be4c2442e8?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZt=
xvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_bl=
ank"><span>2</span></a><span>)</span><span>. This conditional, time-limited=
 concession is a deliberate acknowledgment by the United States that the po=
st-war status of the Strait will not be a simple return to the pre-war orde=
r of =E2=80=9Cfreedom of navigation.=E2=80=9D Iranian officials, including =
Parliament Speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf, have publicly asserted that Ir=
an intends to exercise its sovereign rights and charge service fees for tra=
nsit through the Strait after this period expires. This assertion is not a =
mere negotiating tactic but a formal challenge to the post-World War II fra=
mework that systematically dispossessed strategically located countries of =
their natural leverage over maritime chokepoints. This principle, once esta=
blished, could have a cascading effect on other critical passages such as t=
he Strait of Malacca, Bab el-Mandeb, and the Suez Canal, potentially empowe=
ring Muslim-majority states to monetise their geographic positions in a man=
ner that was previously structurally prohibited. The successful establishme=
nt of a tolling system at Hormuz would fundamentally alter the economic and=
 security calculus for global energy markets and validate a new model of ma=
ritime sovereignty based on the assertion of territorial rights over intern=
ational trade arteries.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(5=
4,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><em>The Strategic Implications of=
 the New Regional Order</em></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,=
55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>The Islamabad Memorandum is n=
ot a conventional peace treaty but an architectural blueprint for a managed=
 regional transition. It successfully dismantles the symbiotic relationship=
 between Iranian hardliners and the Zionist project, removing the IRGC=E2=
=80=99s strategic depth and replacing it with a dependency on Gulf capital.=
 It facilitates the withdrawal of American military forces from the region,=
 as explicitly mandated in Article 4, while simultaneously embedding Iran i=
nto a dollarised financial system that recreates the very vulnerabilities t=
he 1979 revolution sought to escape (</span><a href=3D"https://substack.com=
/redirect/02d2a47b-f780-40bd-99a3-1fbd7106df51?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZI=
SJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-d=
ecoration:underline" target=3D"_blank"><span>1</span></a><span>)(</span><a =
href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/354377f1-71fd-4ded-a495-d229ea742890?=
j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=
=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank"><span>=
6</span></a><span>)</span><span>. Vance has confirmed that the United State=
s is prepared to reduce its military presence near Iran to pre-conflict lev=
els, stating: =E2=80=9CWhat we=E2=80=99re saying is that we will withdraw t=
roops to the pre-conflict level, meaning we=E2=80=99re not going to keep a =
couple of extra aircraft carrier groups over there=E2=80=9D</span><a href=
=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/354377f1-71fd-4ded-a495-d229ea742890?j=3D=
eyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"co=
lor:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank"><span>(6</sp=
an></a><span>)</span><span>. The strategic decapitation of the IRGC leaders=
hip was an external purge, clearing the way for the pragmatists to negotiat=
e a deal that dismantles the axis of resistance in favour of regional econo=
mic integration. </span></p><div role=3D"region" aria-label=3D"Video player=
" style=3D"font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin-top:0.5em"><a href=3D"htt=
ps://substack.com/redirect/4a2e2e73-4273-4d72-999a-c5e55f39f529?j=3DeyJ1Ijo=
iMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"display:b=
lock;width:100%;background-color:rgb(0,0,0);height:auto;border-radius:8px;p=
adding-bottom:0" target=3D"_blank"><img width=3D"550" src=3D"https://substa=
ckcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GTet!,w_1100,h_618,c_fill,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_p=
rogressive:steep/l_play_button_usfui2,w_144,e_colorize:0/https%3A%2F%2Fsubs=
tack-video.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fvideo_upload%2Fpost%2F203168934%2Ff64fb650-1a=
d1-4bd5-87a3-90a16d43098b%2Ftranscoded-00001.png" style=3D"border:none!impo=
rtant;vertical-align:middle;display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto;margin=
:0 auto;width:100%;max-height:100%;background:black;border-radius:8px"></a>=
</div><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;fo=
nt-size:16px"><span>(</span><em>Iran=E2=80=99s Ghalibaf: =E2=80=98In the mi=
ddle of the discussions, I learned that Trump had made threatening remarks =
regarding our president, the negotiating team, and possible attacks on our =
territory. We ended the negotiations, left the meeting, and did not return.=
=E2=80=9D)</em></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-h=
eight:26px;font-size:16px">While this transition is framed by its architect=
s as a positive step towards a multipolar order and collective Muslim sover=
eignty, it remains a process of subordination, the transfer of Iran=E2=80=
=99s political and economic independence from the West to the Gulf, a proce=
ss that, while less culturally antagonistic, still represents the subjugati=
on of one national bourgeoisie to another. The question for the region, and=
 for the wider Global South, is whether this new architecture will ultimate=
ly lead to a genuine diffusion of power or merely represent a change in the=
 management of the existing system.</p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:=
rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>Authored By: </span><a=
 href=3D"https://open.substack.com/users/247935545-global-geopolitics?utm_s=
ource=3Dmentions" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" t=
arget=3D"_blank">Global GeoPolitics</a></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;co=
lor:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><em>If you prefer to mak=
e a one time donation in support of my work, you can do so by clicking any =
link below</em><span>:</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54=
,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><a href=3D"https://buymeacoffee.co=
m/ggtv" target=3D"_blank">https://buymeacoffee.com/ggtv</a> |</p><p style=
=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px">=
<a href=3D"https://ko-fi.com/globalgeopolitics" target=3D"_blank">https://k=
o-fi.com/globalgeopolitics</a> |</p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb=
(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px">Bitcoin: 3NiK8BoRZnkwJSHZSekuXK=
FizGPopkE7ns</p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-heig=
ht:26px;font-size:16px"><strong>References</strong></p><p style=3D"margin:0=
 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><a href=3D"h=
ttps://substack.com/redirect/02d2a47b-f780-40bd-99a3-1fbd7106df51?j=3DeyJ1I=
joiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:r=
gb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank"><span>1</span></a=
><span>.</span><span> Western Advocate. (2026, June 18). </span><em>Interim=
 14-point US-Iran Memorandum of Understanding</em><span>. </span><a href=3D=
"https://substack.com/redirect/02d2a47b-f780-40bd-99a3-1fbd7106df51?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color=
:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank">https://www.wes=
ternadvocate.com.au/story/9294448/interim-14-point-us-iran-memorandum-of-un=
derstanding/</a></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-=
height:26px;font-size:16px"><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/d39278=
93-360e-44db-83f4-22be4c2442e8?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fG=
MYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underl=
ine" target=3D"_blank"><span>2</span></a><span>.</span><span> Ahram Online.=
 (2026, June 18). </span><em>Factbox | Full text of 14-point US-Iran agreem=
ent released by Washington</em><span>. </span><a href=3D"https://substack.c=
om/redirect/d3927893-360e-44db-83f4-22be4c2442e8?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.Jil=
ZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text=
-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank">https://english.ahram.org.eg/UI/Fr=
ont/Inner.aspx?NewsContentID=3D571111</a></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;=
color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><a href=3D"https://sub=
stack.com/redirect/5db4258a-a02a-493b-97e9-929ffda14d57?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2I=
ifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,5=
5);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank"><span>5</span></a><span>.</=
span><span> Mediaite. (2026, June 18). </span><em>=E2=80=98Countries Don=E2=
=80=99t Give Up the Right of Self-Defense=E2=80=99: JD Vance Confronted Ove=
r Trump=E2=80=99s Ballistic Missile Flip-Flop</em><span>. </span><a href=3D=
"https://substack.com/redirect/5db4258a-a02a-493b-97e9-929ffda14d57?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color=
:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank">https://www.med=
iaite.com/media/tv/countries-dont-give-up-the-right-of-self-defense-jd-vanc=
e-confronted-over-trumps-ballistic-missile-flip-flop/</a></p><p style=3D"ma=
rgin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><a hre=
f=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/354377f1-71fd-4ded-a495-d229ea742890?j=
=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D=
"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank"><span>6</=
span></a><span>.</span><span> TASS. (2026, June 18). </span><em>US troop pr=
esence near Iran to return to pre-conflict levels under final deal -Vance</=
em><span>. </span><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/354377f1-71fd-4d=
ed-a495-d229ea742890?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcF=
EiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" targe=
t=3D"_blank">https://tass.com/world/2148563</a></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 2=
0px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><a href=3D"https=
://substack.com/redirect/0b7e5e12-8667-42a8-9f0f-24c88928e82f?j=3DeyJ1IjoiM=
WVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(5=
4,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank"><span>7</span></a><sp=
an>.</span><span> UPI. (2026, June 18). </span><em>Vance denies U.S. made c=
oncessions in Iran peace agreement</em><span>. </span><a href=3D"https://su=
bstack.com/redirect/0b7e5e12-8667-42a8-9f0f-24c88928e82f?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2=
IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,=
55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank">https://www.upi.com/Top_Ne=
ws/US/2026/06/18/vance-press-briefing-iran-peace-agreement/7851781804721/</=
a></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;fo=
nt-size:16px"><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/47aad9ed-a127-45fa-9=
2e6-ecc7c84d8e84?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXY=
qlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D=
"_blank"><span>8</span></a><span>.</span><span> Mediaite. (2026, June 18). =
</span><em>Vance Rips Media Coverage of $300 Billion Fund to Iran, Which He=
 Confirmed in the First Place</em><span>. </span><a href=3D"https://substac=
k.com/redirect/47aad9ed-a127-45fa-92e6-ecc7c84d8e84?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.=
JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);t=
ext-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank">https://www.mediaite.com/media/=
news/vance-rips-media-coverage-of-300-billion-fund-to-iran-which-he-confirm=
ed-in-the-first-place/</a></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55=
,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redir=
ect/274863b8-1e2c-472e-8544-160c3bc558ac?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu=
7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decorat=
ion:underline" target=3D"_blank"><span>9</span></a><span>.</span><span> Con=
trol Risks. (2024). </span><em>IMF support for MENA: no easy way out</em><s=
pan>. </span><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/274863b8-1e2c-472e-85=
44-160c3bc558ac?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYq=
lZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"=
_blank">https://www.controlrisks.com/our-thinking/insights/imf-support-for-=
mena-no-easy-way-out</a></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,5=
5);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirec=
t/c4d24320-fead-4074-b8c9-488fccac3909?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B=
2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoratio=
n:underline" target=3D"_blank"><span>10</span></a><span>.</span><span> Inst=
itute of Development Studies. (2022). </span><em>Has policy-based lending b=
y the IMF and World Bank been effective in the Arab world?</em><span>. </sp=
an><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/c4d24320-fead-4074-b8c9-488fcca=
c3909?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" s=
tyle=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank">ht=
tps://archive.ids.ac.uk/eldis/document/A40477.html</a></p><p style=3D"margi=
n:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><a href=
=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/b67cd5a3-cf5e-4132-bad7-fec18442715c?j=3D=
eyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"co=
lor:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank"><span>12</sp=
an></a><span>.</span><span> Richter, T. (German Institute of Global and Are=
a Studies). </span><em>Political Economy of IMF and World Bank Intervention=
s in the Middle East</em><span>. Columbia University CIAO. </span><a href=
=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/6736b2d7-dfbc-419e-ae7b-104677c0d901?j=3D=
eyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"co=
lor:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank">https://ciao=
-test.cdrs.columbia.edu/catalog.html?f%5Bauthor%5D%5B%5D=3DThomas+Richter&a=
mp;f%5Binstitution%5D%5B%5D=3DGerman+Institute+of+Global+and+Area+Studies&a=
mp;f%5Blocation%5D%5B%5D=3DMiddle+East&amp;search_field=3Dall_fields&amp;se=
arched=3Dyes&amp;sort=3Drelevance</a></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;colo=
r:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><a href=3D"https://substac=
k.com/redirect/3db52009-d2be-4203-abab-2c7040a6e786?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.=
JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);t=
ext-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank"><span>13</span></a><span>.</spa=
n><span> DTN Progressive Farmer. (2026, June 22). </span><em>Vance: Unfroze=
n Iran Assets Could Be Used for US Soy, Corn and Wheat</em><span>. </span><=
a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/3db52009-d2be-4203-abab-2c7040a6e78=
6?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=
=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank">https:=
//www.dtnpf.com/agriculture/web/ag/news/business-inputs/article/2026/06/22/=
vance-unfrozen-iran-assets-used-us</a></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;col=
or:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><a href=3D"https://substa=
ck.com/redirect/e38855d5-9155-4b63-b450-c95bdea915be?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ=
.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);=
text-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank"><span>14</span></a><span>.</sp=
an><span> Lokmat Times. (2026, June 22). </span><em>Vance unveils plan for =
Iran funds, US farm exports</em><span>. </span><a href=3D"https://substack.=
com/redirect/e38855d5-9155-4b63-b450-c95bdea915be?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.Ji=
lZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiXYqlZtxvOc" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);tex=
t-decoration:underline" target=3D"_blank">https://www.lokmattimes.com/inter=
national/vance-unveils-plan-for-iran-funds-us-farm-exports/</a></p><p style=
=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px;m=
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Subject: [Salon] Washington 'ends' Israeli freedom of action inside Lebanon
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*https://thecradle.co/articles/washington-ends-israeli-freedom-of-action-in=
side-lebanon-report
<https://thecradle.co/articles/washington-ends-israeli-freedom-of-action-in=
side-lebanon-report>*

*Washington 'ends' Israeli freedom of action inside Lebanon: Report*Iran
has reportedly threatened to end negotiations with the US if Israel
continues to refuse withdrawal from Lebanon

*News Desk   6/23/26*

*Hebrew media claimed on 22 June that the US has informed Israel that it no
longer has authorization for =E2=80=9Cunrestricted=E2=80=9D military action=
 in Lebanon,
despite continued Israeli attacks and occupation in the country. *

*According
<https://en.yenisafak.com/world/us-ends-israels-unrestricted-lebanon-operat=
ions-report-3719899>
to
Channel 12, Washington informed Tel Aviv that =E2=80=9Cthe previous authori=
zation
for unrestricted action in Lebanon had expired.=E2=80=9D*

*US President Donald Trump is =E2=80=9Cimposing restrictions on Israel, not=
 only in
Lebanon but also in other arenas.=E2=80=9D*

*=E2=80=9CThese directives prohibit operations in areas such as the capital=
,
Beirut, and the Tyre district in southern Lebanon,=E2=80=9D the report went=
 on to
say. *

*Meanwhile, Israel has refused to withdraw from south Lebanon and has not
fully ended attacks. *

*Two civilians were killed by Israeli artillery shelling on south Lebanon=
=E2=80=99s
Nabatieh al-Fawqa on Tuesday as they were working to remove rubble caused
by Tel Aviv's strikes on the area. One of them was a municipal worker. *

*=E2=80=9CThe Islamic Resistance warns that this act constitutes a blatant
violation of the ceasefire, which the Resistance has adhered to until now,=
=E2=80=9D
Hezbollah said in a statement. *

*Regarding a separate incident on 23 June, the Israeli army said it
=E2=80=9Cidentified a cell of armed terrorists=E2=80=9D near its forces in =
the Ali al-Taher
area, adding that it =E2=80=9Cstruck the terrorists in order to remove the =
threat.=E2=80=9D*

*Israelnews updates*

*Since the Channel 13 report, Israeli officials have renewed their refusal
to withdraw from Lebanon.*

*=E2=80=9CThe [army] will continue to act decisively to thwart threats to o=
ur
soldiers and civilians, destroy terror infrastructure, and continue
maintaining the security zone in southern Lebanon,=E2=80=9D Israel=E2=80=99=
s premier, war
minister, and chief of staff said in a joint statement on Tuesday. *

*The statement came hours ahead of a new round of US-hosted direct talks
<https://www.timesofisrael.com/on-eve-of-direct-jerusalem-beirut-talks-neta=
nyahu-vows-to-maintain-presence-in-lebanon/>
between
Beirut and Tel Aviv, which are being conducted in violation of Lebanese law
and are rejected by Hezbollah.*

*Other recent Hebrew reports have said Tel Aviv is scrambling to sever
Lebanon from Iran by reaching a separate agreement with the Lebanese
government. *

*Israeli officials and media personalities have slammed the new
understanding between the US and Iran, particularly the clause about ending
attacks on and withdrawing
<https://thecradle.co/articles/israel-sets-conditions-for-ending-occupation=
-of-south-lebanon-report>from
Lebanon.*

*Major clashes between Israeli troops and Hezbollah
<https://thecradle.co/articles/hezbollah-kills-israeli-tank-crew-as-tel-avi=
v-refuses-to-withdraw-from-lebanon>
resistance
fighters also raged throughout the weekend before a cessation of
hostilities was imposed on Tel Aviv by Tehran=E2=80=99s pressure on Washing=
ton.*

*According to a recent report
<https://tasnimnews.ir/fa/news/1405/03/31/3623241/%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A8-%D8%A7=
%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85-%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1-=
%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%=
D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%A8-%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C-%D9%86%DA%A9%=
D9%86%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B0%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D=
9%81-%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AF>
by
Iran=E2=80=99s Tasnim News Agency, talks between Tehran and Washington will=
 be
=E2=80=9Chalted=E2=80=9D if Israel continues to refuse withdrawal from Leba=
non.*

--000000000000fce0a60654eb3b76
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir=
=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr"><b style=3D"background-color:transparent"><fo=
nt face=3D"georgia, serif"><a href=3D"https://thecradle.co/articles/washing=
ton-ends-israeli-freedom-of-action-inside-lebanon-report" target=3D"_blank"=
>https://thecradle.co/articles/washington-ends-israeli-freedom-of-action-in=
side-lebanon-report</a></font></b></div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><=
div><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif"><br></font></b></div><div><h1 style=3D=
"line-height:1.2141em;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0.5em;max-width:100%;col=
or:rgb(27,27,27)"><font face=3D"georgia, serif" size=3D"4"><i>Washington &#=
39;ends&#39; Israeli freedom of action inside Lebanon: Report</i></font></h=
1><h2 style=3D"line-height:1.27275em;max-width:100%"><font size=3D"2" face=
=3D"georgia, serif"><font color=3D"#000000">Iran has reportedly threatened =
to end negotiations with the US if Israel continues to refuse withdrawal fr=
om Lebano</font><span style=3D"color:rgba(27,27,27,0.65)">n</span></font></=
h2><div style=3D"margin-bottom:1.45em;max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><=
b><font face=3D"georgia, serif"><p style=3D"margin:0px;max-width:100%;displ=
ay:inline"><a style=3D"margin:0px;max-width:100%;display:inline">News Desk<=
/a><span>=C2=A0 =C2=A06/23/26</span></p></font></b><p></p></div><div style=
=3D"max-width:100%;margin-bottom:1.15em;line-height:1.5em;color:rgba(0,0,0,=
0.65)"><img src=3D"https://thecradle-main.oss-eu-central-1.aliyuncs.com/pub=
lic/articles/4abda1ae-6efa-11f1-b01e-00163e02c055.webp" alt=3D"" style=3D"m=
argin:auto 0px auto auto;display:block;clear:both" width=3D"412" height=3D"=
232"></div><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D=
"georgia, serif">Hebrew media claimed on 22 June that the US has informed I=
srael that it no longer has authorization for =E2=80=9Cunrestricted=E2=80=
=9D military action in Lebanon, despite continued Israeli attacks and occup=
ation in the country.=C2=A0</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:=
rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif"><a href=3D"https://en.yenis=
afak.com/world/us-ends-israels-unrestricted-lebanon-operations-report-37198=
99" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" tar=
get=3D"_blank">According</a><span>=C2=A0</span>to Channel 12, Washington in=
formed Tel Aviv that =E2=80=9Cthe previous authorization for unrestricted a=
ction in Lebanon had expired.=E2=80=9D</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:=
100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">US President Don=
ald Trump is =E2=80=9Cimposing restrictions on Israel, not only in Lebanon =
but also in other arenas.=E2=80=9D</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%=
;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">=E2=80=9CThese direc=
tives prohibit operations in areas such as the capital, Beirut, and the Tyr=
e district in southern Lebanon,=E2=80=9D the report went on to say.=C2=A0</=
font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=
=3D"georgia, serif">Meanwhile, Israel has refused to withdraw from south Le=
banon and has not fully ended attacks.=C2=A0</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-=
width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">Two civili=
ans were killed by Israeli artillery shelling on south Lebanon=E2=80=99s Na=
batieh al-Fawqa on Tuesday as they were working to remove rubble caused by =
Tel Aviv&#39;s strikes on the area. One of them was a municipal worker.=C2=
=A0</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;margin-top:0.4em;margin-bottom=
:0.4em"></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=
=3D"georgia, serif">=E2=80=9CThe Islamic Resistance warns that this act con=
stitutes a blatant violation of the ceasefire, which the Resistance has adh=
ered to until now,=E2=80=9D Hezbollah said in a statement.=C2=A0</font></b>=
</p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgi=
a, serif">Regarding a separate incident on 23 June, the Israeli army said i=
t =E2=80=9Cidentified a cell of armed terrorists=E2=80=9D near its forces i=
n the Ali al-Taher area, adding that it =E2=80=9Cstruck the terrorists in o=
rder to remove the threat.=E2=80=9D</font></b></p><p style=3D"color:rgb(0,0=
,0);max-width:100%"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif"><span style=3D"max-wid=
th:100%"><span style=3D"max-width:100%"></span><span style=3D"max-width:100=
%">Israel</span></span><span style=3D"max-width:100%">news updates</span></=
font></b></p><p style=3D"color:rgb(0,0,0)"></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;m=
argin-top:0.4em;margin-bottom:0.4em"></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:r=
gb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">Since the Channel 13 report,=
 Israeli officials have renewed their refusal to withdraw from Lebanon.</fo=
nt></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D=
"georgia, serif">=E2=80=9CThe [army] will continue to act decisively to thw=
art threats to our soldiers and civilians, destroy terror infrastructure, a=
nd continue maintaining the security zone in southern Lebanon,=E2=80=9D Isr=
ael=E2=80=99s premier, war minister, and chief of staff said in a joint sta=
tement on Tuesday.=C2=A0</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb=
(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">The statement came hours ahead=
 of a new round of US-hosted direct<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://ww=
w.timesofisrael.com/on-eve-of-direct-jerusalem-beirut-talks-netanyahu-vows-=
to-maintain-presence-in-lebanon/" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(6=
5,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">talks</a><span>=C2=A0</span>be=
tween Beirut and Tel Aviv, which are being conducted in violation of Lebane=
se law and are rejected by Hezbollah.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:1=
00%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">Other recent Hebr=
ew reports have said Tel Aviv is scrambling to sever Lebanon from Iran by r=
eaching a separate agreement with the Lebanese government.=C2=A0</font></b>=
</p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgi=
a, serif">Israeli officials and media personalities have slammed the new un=
derstanding between the US and Iran, particularly the clause about ending a=
ttacks on and<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://thecradle.co/articles/is=
rael-sets-conditions-for-ending-occupation-of-south-lebanon-report" style=
=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_b=
lank">withdrawing<span>=C2=A0</span></a>from Lebanon.</font></b></p><p styl=
e=3D"color:rgb(0,0,0)"></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)">=
<b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">Major clashes between Israeli troops and<s=
pan>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://thecradle.co/articles/hezbollah-kills-i=
sraeli-tank-crew-as-tel-aviv-refuses-to-withdraw-from-lebanon" style=3D"tex=
t-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">H=
ezbollah</a><span>=C2=A0</span>resistance fighters also raged throughout th=
e weekend before a cessation of hostilities was imposed on Tel Aviv by Tehr=
an=E2=80=99s pressure on Washington.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:10=
0%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">According to a rec=
ent<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://tasnimnews.ir/fa/news/1405/03/31/3=
623241/%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%86=
%DB%8C%D9%85-%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84-=
%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%A8-%D9%86%D8%B4=
%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C-%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B0%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1%=
D9%87-%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81-%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AF" style=
=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_b=
lank">report</a><span>=C2=A0</span>by Iran=E2=80=99s<span>=C2=A0</span><i s=
tyle=3D"max-width:100%">Tasnim News Agency</i>, talks between Tehran and Wa=
shington will be =E2=80=9Chalted=E2=80=9D if Israel continues to refuse wit=
hdrawal from Lebanon.</font></b></p></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>

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--0000000000008ea1980654eb469c
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

*https://asiatimes.com/2026/06/surging-dollar-battering-asias-most-fragile-=
currencies/
<https://asiatimes.com/2026/06/surging-dollar-battering-asias-most-fragile-=
currencies/>*

*Surging dollar battering Asia=E2=80=99s most fragile currencies*New Fed ch=
ief
Warsh=E2=80=99s hawkish debut is tanking currencies from the yen to the rup=
iah at
the worst possible moment for Asia
*by William Pesek <https://asiatimes.com/author/william-pesek/>   June 23,
2026*
*Asian currencies are wobbling as the dollar surges under new Fed Chairman
Warsh. Image: Asia Times Files / iStock*

*TOKYO =E2=80=94 Kevin Warsh=E2=80=99s arrival at Federal Reserve headquart=
ers isn=E2=80=99t
playing out the way Asia hoped.*

*Since taking the baton from Jerome Powell on May 22, Governor Warsh has
run notably more hawkish than US President Donald Trump wanted =E2=80=94 or=
 at
least so far. He could still be biding his time before doing the
president=E2=80=99s bidding. But with US inflation running at 4.2%
<https://www.cnbc.com/2026/06/10/cpi-inflation-report-may-2026.html> and
the labor market holding up far better than expected, Warsh faces a
complicated inheritance.*

*The Fed isn=E2=80=99t a dictatorship: when nine of 19 policymakers are alr=
eady
projecting a rate hike this year, any dovish pivot would trigger serious
pushback from officials and bond markets alike. Long-term yields could
surge if traders sense a MAGAified Fed is becoming reality.*

*Deutsche Bank=E2=80=99s economists now pencil in two 25-basis-point hikes =
after
what they called a =E2=80=9Chawkish=E2=80=9D shift in style from the new ch=
air.*

*That=E2=80=99s a remarkable about-face =E2=80=94 and it=E2=80=99s reshuffl=
ing Asia=E2=80=99s calculus at
bewildering speed. Currencies across the region are on the brink, from the
yen to the rupee to the rupiah, with the Philippine peso and Thai baht
<https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/USDTHB:CUR> joining the rout. *

*The common thread is a muscular dollar that=E2=80=99s punishing exchange r=
ates
almost across the board, keeping governments from Tokyo to Jakarta on daily
intervention watch. Iran war
<https://asiatimes.com/2026/06/peace-or-not-the-middle-east-will-now-lean-m=
ore-toward-china/>uncertainty
is adding fuel, sending the dollar higher and bringing out its
wrecking-ball tendencies.*

*With US debt near US$40 trillion
<https://asiatimes.com/2026/01/us-debt-surge-leaves-china-japan-holding-the=
-bag-in-2026/>,
inflation elevated, and Trump=E2=80=99s tariffs, spending binges and Middle=
 East
war all in the mix, the dollar is rising anyway =E2=80=94 defying gravity,
outpacing gold and Bitcoin, even overpowering the AI trade.*

*=E2=80=9CThe dollar is king while this conflict lasts,=E2=80=9D says Carol=
 Kong, economist
at Commonwealth Bank of Australia. =E2=80=9CIf we=E2=80=99re right about th=
is conflict
being protracted, oil prices will just keep rising and it will push the
dollar higher, at the expense of net energy importers like the Japanese yen
and the euro.=E2=80=9D*

*ANZ Bank analysts warn that =E2=80=9Cmany questions remain on how the inte=
rim
US-Iran deal will be implemented,=E2=80=9D with vessel safety still a live =
concern
and doubt about whether the chokepoint for a fifth of global supply will
stay toll-free.*

*That uncertainty is pulling Tokyo back into a currency tug-of-war. The yen
is down just 3% year-to-date <https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/USDJPY:CUR>,
but it has traded past the psychologically charged 160 level =E2=80=94 its =
weakest
since July 2024. *

*It now sits inches from 161.96, which would mark the lowest since 1986
<https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/yen-brink-40-year-low-puts-mark=
ets-intervention-watch-2026-06-19/>.
A breach there could make a slide to 170 look inevitable, and revive
speculation about a freefall to 200
<https://smartvisionlogistics.com/what-happens-when-the-yen-hits-200/> =E2=
=80=94 a
scenario Monex Group=E2=80=99s Jesper Koll has said isn=E2=80=99t out of th=
e question, even
up to 220
<https://www.cnbc.com/2024/04/29/japanese-yen-weakens-to-160-against-the-us=
-dollar-for-the-first-time-since-1990.html>.*

*All of this is tightening the vise on Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi. Since
October, her government has staked its economic strategy on three pillars:
a weak yen, ultra-low rates and fiscal loosening. That was a risky bet six
months ago. With the world=E2=80=99s most powerful central bank now tilting
hawkish, the foundation looks shakier than ever.*

*Markets pricing in <https://polymarket.com/finance/fed-rates> Fed
tightening by year-end has Tokyo in a whirl. A hawkish pivot in Washington
will pull capital toward US Treasuries, threatening the Nikkei=E2=80=99s bu=
ll run =E2=80=94
and the weak yen that juiced corporate profits
<https://asiatimes.com/2026/04/japans-takaichi-chooses-guns-over-butter-at-=
her-peril/>
now
leaves Japan exposed to surging import costs and even higher inflation.*

*Japan is already grappling with stagflation. Growth is tracking at just
0.5%, while the BOJ=E2=80=99s internal inflation gauge runs at 2.8% year-on=
-year =E2=80=94
5.6 times the GDP growth rate. Given those headwinds, last week=E2=80=99s B=
OJ rate
hike
<https://asiatimes.com/2026/06/bank-of-japan-rate-hike-greeted-with-a-marke=
t-shrug/>
to
1%, a 31-year high, may be the last for a long while. A BOJ on hold while
the Fed tightens is a near-perfect recipe for renewed yen freefall.*

*=E2=80=9CA key factor behind the acceleration of yen weakness has been the
significantly widening gap between domestic and overseas monetary
policies,=E2=80=9D says Ataru Okumura, strategist at SMBC Nikko Securities.=
*

*Jakarta is on the ropes. The rupiah is down 7%
<https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/USDIDR:CUR> this year =E2=80=94 not even h=
alfway
through 2026 =E2=80=94 and sitting at an all-time low, below even the depth=
s of the
1997-98 Asian financial crisis. President Prabowo Subianto=E2=80=99s govern=
ment and
Bank Indonesia are intervening frantically to stem capital flight from
Southeast Asia=E2=80=99s largest economy.*

*The pressure =E2=80=9Csignals that the US-Iran war is now materially impac=
ting
Indonesia=E2=80=99s economy and external balance,=E2=80=9D says UOB Kay Hia=
n analyst
Suryaputra Wijaksana =E2=80=94 a problem likely to =E2=80=9Cpersist through=
out 2026.=E2=80=9D*

*Prabowo=E2=80=99s twin current-account and trade deficits are colliding wi=
th a
runaway dollar, while Iran war risk-off sentiment leaves little room in
global portfolios for currencies like the rupiah. His insular policies
since October 2024 are doing the rest, repelling investors who might
otherwise step in.*

*The political stakes couldn=E2=80=99t be higher. Prabowo is a prot=C3=A9g=
=C3=A9 of the late
dictator Suharto, who was ousted by mass student protests during the Asian
financial crisis.*

*The five presidents who followed spent the next quarter-century
dismantling Suharto Inc.
<https://asiatimes.com/2020/08/indonesia-opens-a-floodgate-of-financial-ris=
k/>=E2=80=98s
sprawling kleptocracy. The fifth, Joko Widodo, arguably did the most =E2=80=
=94
stabilizing the political system, pushing through infrastructure reforms,
improving transparency, and steering Indonesia through Covid better than
most peers.*

*Prabowo has spent less than two years unwinding much of that progress. He
abruptly fired internationally respected Finance Minister Sri Mulyani
Indrawati
<https://asiatimes.com/2026/06/bad-timing-for-indonesia-to-be-living-danger=
ously-again/>
in
September 2025, then unleashed a wave of fiscal overreach, state
interventionism, and central bank meddling. *

*Global markets are now seeing through the spin =E2=80=94 including MSCI, w=
hich has
been threatening to downgrade Indonesia from developing to frontier market
status, with a decision expected Wednesday.*

*The Fed=E2=80=99s hawkish pivot is compounding Indonesia=E2=80=99s pain. O=
xford Economics
economist Artie Lam flags Indonesia among the countries most certain to
=E2=80=9Cface the most market pressure to rein in spending=E2=80=9D =E2=80=
=94 where currency and
yield movements are already eroding fiscal space. The rupiah=E2=80=99s slid=
e
=E2=80=9Cweighs materially on the fiscal balance=E2=80=9D and feeds broader=
 doubts about
both fiscal credibility and central bank independence.*

*India is fighting the same battle. A falling rupee is making crude oil and
other critical imports =E2=80=94 electronics, industrial inputs =E2=80=94 s=
ignificantly
more expensive, stoking domestic inflation and pushing foreign investors
toward the exit. Dollar-denominated debt service is getting costlier by the
day.*

*Few countries have been knocked off balance this fast. The year began with
Modi=E2=80=99s BJP toasting a =E2=80=9CGoldilocks moment
<https://www.reuters.com/world/india/india-seen-holding-rates-goldilocks-ph=
ase-gives-way-stress-2026-04-06/>=E2=80=9D
for Asia=E2=80=99s third-largest economy =E2=80=94 growth and inflation per=
fectly aligned,
or so the story went. That narrative has curdled quickly. The rupee was
Asia=E2=80=99s worst-performing currency in 2025, down 5%. It=E2=80=99s fal=
len another 5.4%
<https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/USDINR:CUR> since January, now trading
near 95 to the dollar.*

*New Delhi couldn=E2=80=99t have predicted the US-Israel strike on Iran on =
February
28, or the oil shock that followed. But Modi=E2=80=99s BJP has had twelve y=
ears to
address the twin current-account and budget deficits now putting the rupee
in harm=E2=80=99s way. Those pre-existing conditions are what turn an exter=
nal
shock into a crisis.*

*Nobody knows where the Warsh Fed lands six months from now =E2=80=94 or ho=
w Trump,
who tried to fire Powell and have him indicted, reacts if his chosen dove
fails to deliver rate cuts. But the dollar surging amid a Fed tightening
cycle wasn=E2=80=99t on Asia=E2=80=99s 2026 worry list. It is now.*

*As HSBC economist Frederic Neumann puts it: =E2=80=9CMonetary officials wi=
ll
remain on guard in Asia: a bouncy US dollar means that there is little
reprieve for now.=E2=80=9D*

*A surging dollar is making everything worse, threatening to suffocate
Asian currencies and leaving governments across the region scrambling to
sandbag their financial systems.*

*We=E2=80=99ve seen this movie before. The 1997 crisis had its roots in the=
 Fed=E2=80=99s
1994-95 tightening cycle, when then-Chair Alan Greenspan
<https://www.forbes.com/sites/johntamny/2022/08/14/if-alan-greenspan-had-ge=
nius-it-was-in-hiding-how-little-he-knew/?ctpv=3Dsearchpage>
=E2=80=94
who died Monday at 100 =E2=80=94 doubled short-term rates in just 12 months=
.*

*That cycle tipped Mexico into crisis, bankrupted Orange County,
California, and shuttered bond giant Kidder, Peabody & Co. Then it came for
Asia. By 1997, the resulting dollar surge made currency pegs untenable.
Thailand devalued first, then Indonesia, then South Korea =E2=80=94 all thr=
ee going
hat-in-hand to the IMF and others for bailouts totaling
<https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/asian-financial-crisis.asp> US$118
billion.*

*Malaysia and the Philippines were pushed to the brink without seeking
rescues.*

*Emerging markets have been haunted by Fed tightening ever since. The 2013
=E2=80=9Ctaper tantrum=E2=80=9D =E2=80=94 mere hints of the Fed hitting the=
 brakes =E2=80=94 was enough to
prompt Morgan Stanley to publish its infamous =E2=80=9Cfragile five=E2=80=
=9D list: Brazil,
India, Indonesia, South Africa, and Turkey. No emerging economy wanted to
be on it.*

*Now a surging dollar
<https://url.us.m.mimecastprotect.com/s/A_KJCyPpgLfP7MOJcMhySxU5XZ?domain=
=3Dforbes.com/>
is
complicating Asia=E2=80=99s development plans all over again =E2=80=94 hist=
ory=E2=80=99s greatest
capital magnet hoarding wealth needed to finance deficits, stabilize bond
yields and keep equity markets afloat. The fact that no one yet knows what
to make of the Warsh era hardly helps.*

*Follow William Pesek on X at @WilliamPesek*

--0000000000008ea1980654eb469c
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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir=
=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr"><b style=3D"background-color:transparent"><fo=
nt face=3D"georgia, serif"><a href=3D"https://asiatimes.com/2026/06/surging=
-dollar-battering-asias-most-fragile-currencies/" target=3D"_blank">https:/=
/asiatimes.com/2026/06/surging-dollar-battering-asias-most-fragile-currenci=
es/</a></font></b></div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><b><font fac=
e=3D"georgia, serif"><br></font></b></div><div><h1 style=3D"line-height:1.2=
141em;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0.5em;max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)=
"><font face=3D"georgia, serif" size=3D"4"><i>Surging dollar battering Asia=
=E2=80=99s most fragile currencies</i></font></h1><h2 style=3D"line-height:=
1.27275em;max-width:100%"><font size=3D"2" face=3D"georgia, serif" color=3D=
"#000000">New Fed chief Warsh=E2=80=99s hawkish debut is tanking currencies=
 from the yen to the rupiah at the worst possible moment for Asia</font></h=
2><div style=3D"margin-bottom:1.45em;max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><d=
iv style=3D"margin:0px;max-width:100%;display:inline"><div style=3D"margin:=
0px;max-width:100%;display:inline"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif"><span s=
tyle=3D"margin:0px;max-width:100%"></span><span style=3D"margin:0px;max-wid=
th:100%"><span style=3D"margin:0px;max-width:100%">by</span><span>=C2=A0</s=
pan><span style=3D"margin:0px;max-width:100%"><a href=3D"https://asiatimes.=
com/author/william-pesek/" style=3D"text-decoration:none;margin:0px;color:r=
gb(27,27,27);max-width:100%;display:inline" target=3D"_blank">William Pesek=
</a></span><span>=C2=A0 =C2=A0</span></span><span style=3D"margin:0px;max-w=
idth:100%">June 23, 2026</span></font></b></div></div></div><img width=3D"4=
12" height=3D"275" src=3D"https://i0.wp.com/asiatimes.com/wp-content/upload=
s/2025/06/Asia-Currencies-Bank-Notes-iStock-September-2016.webp?fit=3D780%2=
C521&amp;ssl=3D1" alt=3D"" style=3D"margin:0.5em 0px 0.5em auto;display:blo=
ck"><span style=3D"max-width:100%;margin-top:0.25em;margin-bottom:0.25em"><=
b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">Asian currencies are wobbling as the dollar=
 surges under new Fed Chairman Warsh. Image: Asia Times Files / iStock</fon=
t></b></span><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=
=3D"georgia, serif">TOKYO =E2=80=94 Kevin Warsh=E2=80=99s arrival at Federa=
l Reserve headquarters isn=E2=80=99t playing out the way Asia hoped.</font>=
</b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"ge=
orgia, serif">Since taking the baton from Jerome Powell on May 22, Governor=
 Warsh has run notably more hawkish than US President Donald Trump wanted =
=E2=80=94 or at least so far. He could still be biding his time before doin=
g the president=E2=80=99s bidding. But with US inflation<span>=C2=A0</span>=
<a href=3D"https://www.cnbc.com/2026/06/10/cpi-inflation-report-may-2026.ht=
ml" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" tar=
get=3D"_blank">running at 4.2%</a><span>=C2=A0</span>and the labor market h=
olding up far better than expected, Warsh faces a complicated inheritance.<=
/font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=
=3D"georgia, serif">The Fed isn=E2=80=99t a dictatorship: when nine of 19 p=
olicymakers are already projecting a rate hike this year, any dovish pivot =
would trigger serious pushback from officials and bond markets alike. Long-=
term yields could surge if traders sense a MAGAified Fed is becoming realit=
y.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font f=
ace=3D"georgia, serif">Deutsche Bank=E2=80=99s economists now pencil in two=
 25-basis-point hikes after what they called a =E2=80=9Chawkish=E2=80=9D sh=
ift in style from the new chair.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;c=
olor:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">That=E2=80=99s a remar=
kable about-face =E2=80=94 and it=E2=80=99s reshuffling Asia=E2=80=99s calc=
ulus at bewildering speed. Currencies across the region are on the brink, f=
rom the yen to the rupee to the rupiah, with the Philippine peso and<span>=
=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/USDTHB:CUR" style=
=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_b=
lank">Thai baht</a><span>=C2=A0</span>joining the rout.<span>=C2=A0</span><=
/font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=
=3D"georgia, serif">The common thread is a muscular dollar that=E2=80=99s p=
unishing exchange rates almost across the board, keeping governments from T=
okyo to Jakarta on daily intervention watch.<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"h=
ttps://asiatimes.com/2026/06/peace-or-not-the-middle-east-will-now-lean-mor=
e-toward-china/" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-wi=
dth:100%" target=3D"_blank">Iran war</a>uncertainty is adding fuel, sending=
 the dollar higher and bringing out its wrecking-ball tendencies.</font></b=
></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georg=
ia, serif">With US debt near<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://asiatimes=
.com/2026/01/us-debt-surge-leaves-china-japan-holding-the-bag-in-2026/" sty=
le=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"=
_blank">US$40 trillion</a>, inflation elevated, and Trump=E2=80=99s tariffs=
, spending binges and Middle East war all in the mix, the dollar is rising =
anyway =E2=80=94 defying gravity, outpacing gold and Bitcoin, even overpowe=
ring the AI trade.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27=
,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">=E2=80=9CThe dollar is king while th=
is conflict lasts,=E2=80=9D says Carol Kong, economist at Commonwealth Bank=
 of Australia. =E2=80=9CIf we=E2=80=99re right about this conflict being pr=
otracted, oil prices will just keep rising and it will push the dollar high=
er, at the expense of net energy importers like the Japanese yen and the eu=
ro.=E2=80=9D</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)">=
<b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">ANZ Bank analysts warn that =E2=80=9Cmany =
questions remain on how the interim US-Iran deal will be implemented,=E2=80=
=9D with vessel safety still a live concern and doubt about whether the cho=
kepoint for a fifth of global supply will stay toll-free.</font></b></p><p =
style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, seri=
f">That uncertainty is pulling Tokyo back into a currency tug-of-war. The y=
en is<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/USDJPY:C=
UR" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" tar=
get=3D"_blank">down just 3% year-to-date</a>, but it has traded past the ps=
ychologically charged 160 level =E2=80=94 its weakest since July 2024.<span=
>=C2=A0</span></font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)=
"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">It now sits inches from 161.96, which wo=
uld mark the<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://www.reuters.com/world/asi=
a-pacific/yen-brink-40-year-low-puts-markets-intervention-watch-2026-06-19/=
" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" targe=
t=3D"_blank">lowest since 1986</a>. A breach there could make a slide to 17=
0 look inevitable, and revive speculation about a<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=
=3D"https://smartvisionlogistics.com/what-happens-when-the-yen-hits-200/" s=
tyle=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=
=3D"_blank">freefall to 200</a><span>=C2=A0</span>=E2=80=94 a scenario Mone=
x Group=E2=80=99s Jesper Koll has said isn=E2=80=99t out of the question,<s=
pan>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://www.cnbc.com/2024/04/29/japanese-yen-we=
akens-to-160-against-the-us-dollar-for-the-first-time-since-1990.html" styl=
e=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_=
blank">even up to 220</a>.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:r=
gb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">All of this is tightening th=
e vise on Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi. Since October, her government has =
staked its economic strategy on three pillars: a weak yen, ultra-low rates =
and fiscal loosening. That was a risky bet six months ago. With the world=
=E2=80=99s most powerful central bank now tilting hawkish, the foundation l=
ooks shakier than ever.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(=
27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">Markets<span>=C2=A0</span><a hr=
ef=3D"https://polymarket.com/finance/fed-rates" style=3D"text-decoration:no=
ne;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">pricing in</a><s=
pan>=C2=A0</span>Fed tightening by year-end has Tokyo in a whirl. A hawkish=
 pivot in Washington will pull capital toward US Treasuries, threatening th=
e Nikkei=E2=80=99s bull run =E2=80=94 and the weak yen that juiced<span>=C2=
=A0</span><a href=3D"https://asiatimes.com/2026/04/japans-takaichi-chooses-=
guns-over-butter-at-her-peril/" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,=
110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">corporate profits</a><span>=C2=
=A0</span>now leaves Japan exposed to surging import costs and even higher =
inflation.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b=
><font face=3D"georgia, serif">Japan is already grappling with stagflation.=
 Growth is tracking at just 0.5%, while the BOJ=E2=80=99s internal inflatio=
n gauge runs at 2.8% year-on-year =E2=80=94 5.6 times the GDP growth rate. =
Given those headwinds, last week=E2=80=99s BOJ<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D=
"https://asiatimes.com/2026/06/bank-of-japan-rate-hike-greeted-with-a-marke=
t-shrug/" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100=
%" target=3D"_blank">rate hike</a><span>=C2=A0</span>to 1%, a 31-year high,=
 may be the last for a long while. A BOJ on hold while the Fed tightens is =
a near-perfect recipe for renewed yen freefall.</font></b></p><p style=3D"m=
ax-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">=E2=80=
=9CA key factor behind the acceleration of yen weakness has been the signif=
icantly widening gap between domestic and overseas monetary policies,=E2=80=
=9D says Ataru Okumura, strategist at SMBC Nikko Securities.</font></b></p>=
<p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, s=
erif">Jakarta is on the ropes. The rupiah is<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"h=
ttps://www.bloomberg.com/quote/USDIDR:CUR" style=3D"text-decoration:none;co=
lor:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">down 7%</a><span>=C2=
=A0</span>this year =E2=80=94 not even halfway through 2026 =E2=80=94 and s=
itting at an all-time low, below even the depths of the 1997-98 Asian finan=
cial crisis. President Prabowo Subianto=E2=80=99s government and Bank Indon=
esia are intervening frantically to stem capital flight from Southeast Asia=
=E2=80=99s largest economy.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:=
rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">The pressure =E2=80=9Csigna=
ls that the US-Iran war is now materially impacting Indonesia=E2=80=99s eco=
nomy and external balance,=E2=80=9D says UOB Kay Hian analyst Suryaputra Wi=
jaksana =E2=80=94 a problem likely to =E2=80=9Cpersist throughout 2026.=E2=
=80=9D</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><fo=
nt face=3D"georgia, serif">Prabowo=E2=80=99s twin current-account and trade=
 deficits are colliding with a runaway dollar, while Iran war risk-off sent=
iment leaves little room in global portfolios for currencies like the rupia=
h. His insular policies since October 2024 are doing the rest, repelling in=
vestors who might otherwise step in.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:10=
0%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">The political stak=
es couldn=E2=80=99t be higher. Prabowo is a prot=C3=A9g=C3=A9 of the late d=
ictator Suharto, who was ousted by mass student protests during the Asian f=
inancial crisis.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,2=
7)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">The five presidents who followed spent=
 the next quarter-century dismantling<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://=
asiatimes.com/2020/08/indonesia-opens-a-floodgate-of-financial-risk/" style=
=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_b=
lank">Suharto Inc.</a>=E2=80=98s sprawling kleptocracy. The fifth, Joko Wid=
odo, arguably did the most =E2=80=94 stabilizing the political system, push=
ing through infrastructure reforms, improving transparency, and steering In=
donesia through Covid better than most peers.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max=
-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">Prabowo h=
as spent less than two years unwinding much of that progress. He abruptly f=
ired internationally respected Finance Minister<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=
=3D"https://asiatimes.com/2026/06/bad-timing-for-indonesia-to-be-living-dan=
gerously-again/" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-wi=
dth:100%" target=3D"_blank">Sri Mulyani Indrawati</a><span>=C2=A0</span>in =
September 2025, then unleashed a wave of fiscal overreach, state interventi=
onism, and central bank meddling.<span>=C2=A0</span></font></b></p><p style=
=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">Gl=
obal markets are now seeing through the spin =E2=80=94 including MSCI, whic=
h has been threatening to downgrade Indonesia from developing to frontier m=
arket status, with a decision expected Wednesday.</font></b></p><p style=3D=
"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">The F=
ed=E2=80=99s hawkish pivot is compounding Indonesia=E2=80=99s pain. Oxford =
Economics economist Artie Lam flags Indonesia among the countries most cert=
ain to =E2=80=9Cface the most market pressure to rein in spending=E2=80=9D =
=E2=80=94 where currency and yield movements are already eroding fiscal spa=
ce. The rupiah=E2=80=99s slide =E2=80=9Cweighs materially on the fiscal bal=
ance=E2=80=9D and feeds broader doubts about both fiscal credibility and ce=
ntral bank independence.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb=
(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">India is fighting the same bat=
tle. A falling rupee is making crude oil and other critical imports =E2=80=
=94 electronics, industrial inputs =E2=80=94 significantly more expensive, =
stoking domestic inflation and pushing foreign investors toward the exit. D=
ollar-denominated debt service is getting costlier by the day.</font></b></=
p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia,=
 serif">Few countries have been knocked off balance this fast. The year beg=
an with Modi=E2=80=99s BJP toasting a =E2=80=9C<a href=3D"https://www.reute=
rs.com/world/india/india-seen-holding-rates-goldilocks-phase-gives-way-stre=
ss-2026-04-06/" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-wid=
th:100%" target=3D"_blank">Goldilocks moment</a>=E2=80=9D for Asia=E2=80=99=
s third-largest economy =E2=80=94 growth and inflation perfectly aligned, o=
r so the story went. That narrative has curdled quickly. The rupee was Asia=
=E2=80=99s worst-performing currency in 2025, down 5%. It=E2=80=99s<span>=
=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/USDINR:CUR" style=
=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_b=
lank">fallen another 5.4%</a><span>=C2=A0</span>since January, now trading =
near 95 to the dollar.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(2=
7,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">New Delhi couldn=E2=80=99t have =
predicted the US-Israel strike on Iran on February 28, or the oil shock tha=
t followed. But Modi=E2=80=99s BJP has had twelve years to address the twin=
 current-account and budget deficits now putting the rupee in harm=E2=80=99=
s way. Those pre-existing conditions are what turn an external shock into a=
 crisis.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><=
font face=3D"georgia, serif">Nobody knows where the Warsh Fed lands six mon=
ths from now =E2=80=94 or how Trump, who tried to fire Powell and have him =
indicted, reacts if his chosen dove fails to deliver rate cuts. But the dol=
lar surging amid a Fed tightening cycle wasn=E2=80=99t on Asia=E2=80=99s 20=
26 worry list. It is now.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rg=
b(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">As HSBC economist Frederic Ne=
umann puts it: =E2=80=9CMonetary officials will remain on guard in Asia: a =
bouncy US dollar means that there is little reprieve for now.=E2=80=9D</fon=
t></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"=
georgia, serif">A surging dollar is making everything worse, threatening to=
 suffocate Asian currencies and leaving governments across the region scram=
bling to sandbag their financial systems.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-wid=
th:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">We=E2=80=99ve=
 seen this movie before. The 1997 crisis had its roots in the Fed=E2=80=99s=
 1994-95 tightening cycle, when then-Chair<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"htt=
ps://www.forbes.com/sites/johntamny/2022/08/14/if-alan-greenspan-had-genius=
-it-was-in-hiding-how-little-he-knew/?ctpv=3Dsearchpage" style=3D"text-deco=
ration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">Alan Gr=
eenspan</a><span>=C2=A0</span>=E2=80=94 who died Monday at 100 =E2=80=94 do=
ubled short-term rates in just 12 months.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-wid=
th:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">That cycle ti=
pped Mexico into crisis, bankrupted Orange County, California, and shuttere=
d bond giant Kidder, Peabody &amp; Co. Then it came for Asia. By 1997, the =
resulting dollar surge made currency pegs untenable. Thailand devalued firs=
t, then Indonesia, then South Korea =E2=80=94 all three going hat-in-hand t=
o the IMF and others for bailouts<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://www.=
investopedia.com/terms/a/asian-financial-crisis.asp" style=3D"text-decorati=
on:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">totaling</a=
><span>=C2=A0</span>US$118 billion.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100=
%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">Malaysia and the Ph=
ilippines were pushed to the brink without seeking rescues.</font></b></p><=
p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, se=
rif">Emerging markets have been haunted by Fed tightening ever since. The 2=
013 =E2=80=9Ctaper tantrum=E2=80=9D =E2=80=94 mere hints of the Fed hitting=
 the brakes =E2=80=94 was enough to prompt Morgan Stanley to publish its in=
famous =E2=80=9Cfragile five=E2=80=9D list: Brazil, India, Indonesia, South=
 Africa, and Turkey. No emerging economy wanted to be on it.</font></b></p>=
<p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, s=
erif">Now a<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://url.us.m.mimecastprotect.c=
om/s/A_KJCyPpgLfP7MOJcMhySxU5XZ?domain=3Dforbes.com/" style=3D"text-decorat=
ion:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">surging do=
llar</a><span>=C2=A0</span>is complicating Asia=E2=80=99s development plans=
 all over again =E2=80=94 history=E2=80=99s greatest capital magnet hoardin=
g wealth needed to finance deficits, stabilize bond yields and keep equity =
markets afloat. The fact that no one yet knows what to make of the Warsh er=
a hardly helps.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27=
)"><em style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">Follow Wil=
liam Pesek on X at @WilliamPesek</font></b></em></p></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>

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Subject: [Salon] Trump,
 seemingly unaware of Netanyahu statement on Lebanon: 'I can solve
 problems fast, including with Bibi
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--0000000000007df6480654eb4f46
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*https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/israel-security/2026-06-23/ty-article-=
live/palestinian-report-israeli-settlers-raid-village-near-ramallah-damage-=
vehicles/0000019e-f224-d69e-a39f-f2246ed50000?liveBlogItemId=3D724226319#72=
4226319
<https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/israel-security/2026-06-23/ty-article-=
live/palestinian-report-israeli-settlers-raid-village-near-ramallah-damage-=
vehicles/0000019e-f224-d69e-a39f-f2246ed50000?liveBlogItemId=3D724226319#72=
4226319>*

*6/23/26*

*Trump, seemingly unaware of Netanyahu statement on Lebanon: 'I can solve
problems fast, including with Bibi'*

*Asked Monday by a reporter in the Oval Office to comment on Prime Minister
Benjamin Netanyahu's assertion that the IDF would not be withdrawing from
southern Lebanon, U.S. President Donald Trump appeared unaware of the
Israeli leader's recorded statement.*

*When told that the statement was made publicly, Trump appeared surprised,
before saying: "We are going to take a look at it. I am a problem solver. I
can solve problems fast, including with Bibi."*

*In a recorded statement published Monday, Netanyahu said that the Israeli
military will remain in the Israeli-controlled buffer zone in southern
Lebanon "for as long as necessary." *

*"My instruction and that of the Defense Minister to the IDF is clear and
has not changed," Netanyahu said. "Our fighters in southern Lebanon have
full freedom of action to thwart any direct or emerging threat against them
or against the residents of the north."*

*Trump also warned that he "will do what I have to do" if Iran does not
stick to its agreement with Washington. "If Iran doesn't live up to their
agreement, or if they're not behaving, I will do what I have to do," Trump
told reporters.*

*"As long as they respect us =E2=80=93 I don't want to use the word 'fear' =
because
it's inappropriate =E2=80=93 as long as they respect us, we're not going to=
 have
any trouble," Trump added. *

*Trump said Iran was supposed to use the money being unfrozen to buy food
exclusively from the United States. "All that money's coming back in the
form of purchases of food which they desperately need. They have 91 million
people, they can't feed them. So, the money that we lift is going to go to
our farmers," Trump asserted.*

--0000000000007df6480654eb4f46
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir=
=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr"><b style=3D"background-color:transparent"><fo=
nt face=3D"georgia, serif"><a href=3D"https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/i=
srael-security/2026-06-23/ty-article-live/palestinian-report-israeli-settle=
rs-raid-village-near-ramallah-damage-vehicles/0000019e-f224-d69e-a39f-f2246=
ed50000?liveBlogItemId=3D724226319#724226319" target=3D"_blank">https://www=
.haaretz.com/israel-news/israel-security/2026-06-23/ty-article-live/palesti=
nian-report-israeli-settlers-raid-village-near-ramallah-damage-vehicles/000=
0019e-f224-d69e-a39f-f2246ed50000?liveBlogItemId=3D724226319#724226319</a><=
/font></b></div><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr"><b style=3D"backgroun=
d-color:transparent"><br></b></div><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr"><b=
 style=3D"background-color:transparent">6/23/26</b></div><div dir=3D"ltr"><=
div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif"><br>=
</font></b></div><div><h1 style=3D"line-height:1.2141em;margin-top:0px;marg=
in-bottom:0.5em;max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><font face=3D"georgia, =
serif" size=3D"4"><i>Trump, seemingly unaware of Netanyahu statement on Leb=
anon: &#39;I can solve problems fast, including with Bibi&#39;</i></font></=
h1><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><font face=3D"georgia, s=
erif"><b>Asked Monday by a reporter in the Oval Office to comment on Prime =
Minister Benjamin Netanyahu&#39;s assertion that the IDF would not be withd=
rawing from southern Lebanon, U.S. President Donald Trump appeared unaware =
of the Israeli leader&#39;s recorded statement.</b></font></p><p style=3D"m=
ax-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><font face=3D"georgia, serif"><b>When to=
ld that the statement was made publicly, Trump appeared surprised, before s=
aying: &quot;We are going to take a look at it. I am a problem solver. I ca=
n solve problems fast, including with Bibi.&quot;</b></font></p><p style=3D=
"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><font face=3D"georgia, serif"><b>In a =
recorded statement published Monday, Netanyahu said that the Israeli milita=
ry will remain in the Israeli-controlled buffer zone in southern Lebanon &q=
uot;for as long as necessary.&quot;<span>=C2=A0</span></b></font></p><p sty=
le=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><font face=3D"georgia, serif"><b>=
&quot;My instruction and that of the Defense Minister to the IDF is clear a=
nd has not changed,&quot; Netanyahu said. &quot;Our fighters in southern Le=
banon have full freedom of action to thwart any direct or emerging threat a=
gainst them or against the residents of the north.&quot;</b></font></p><p s=
tyle=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><font face=3D"georgia, serif"><=
b>Trump also warned that he &quot;will do what I have to do&quot; if Iran d=
oes not stick to its agreement with Washington. &quot;If Iran doesn&#39;t l=
ive up to their agreement, or if they&#39;re not behaving, I will do what I=
 have to do,&quot; Trump told reporters.</b></font></p><p style=3D"max-widt=
h:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><font face=3D"georgia, serif"><b>&quot;As long =
as they respect us =E2=80=93 I don&#39;t want to use the word &#39;fear&#39=
; because it&#39;s inappropriate =E2=80=93 as long as they respect us, we&#=
39;re not going to have any trouble,&quot; Trump added.<span>=C2=A0</span><=
/b></font></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><font face=3D=
"georgia, serif"><b>Trump said Iran was supposed to use the money being unf=
rozen to buy food exclusively from the United States. &quot;All that money&=
#39;s coming back in the form of purchases of food which they desperately n=
eed. They have 91 million people, they can&#39;t feed them. So, the money t=
hat we lift is going to go to our farmers,&quot; Trump asserted.</b></font>=
</p></div></div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>

--0000000000007df6480654eb4f46--

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Subject: [Salon] China lines up second LNG terminal for sanctioned Russian
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China lines up second LNG terminal for sanctioned Russian cargoes, sources
say
By Marwa Rashad <https://www.reuters.com/authors/marwa-rashad/>, Emily Chow
<https://www.reuters.com/authors/emily-chow/> and Chen Aizhu
<https://www.reuters.com/authors/chen-aizhu/>
June 22, 2026
[image: A structure of Arctic LNG 2 joint venture is seen under
construction near the settlement of Belokamenka, Murmansk region]
A concrete gravity-based structure (GBS) of Arctic LNG 2 joint venture is
seen under construction in a dry dock of the LNG Construction center near
the settlement of Belokamenka, Murmansk region, Russia July 26, 2022.
REUTERS/Stringer Purchase Licensing Rights, opens new tab
<https://www.reutersconnect.com/item/a-structure-of-arctic-lng-2-joint-vent=
ure-is-seen-under-construction-near-the-settlement-of-belokamenka-murmansk-=
region/dGFnOnJldXRlcnMuY29tLDIwMjI6bmV3c21sX1JDMk5KVjkzNjFQQw%3D%3D/?utm_me=
dium=3Drcom-article-media&utm_campaign=3Drcom-rcp-lead>

   - Summary
   - Companies


   - PipeChina's Longkou terminal lined up for Arctic LNG 2 cargoes
   - Longkou should be ready for operations before October
   - PipeChina's Dalian terminal is also under discussion

LONDON/SINGAPORE, June 22 (Reuters) - China is preparing a second import
terminal to handle liquefied natural gas cargoes from Russia's sanctioned
Arctic LNG 2 project, expanding a =E2=80=8Croute that so far relies on a si=
ngle
facility, three sources with knowledge of the matter said.
The newly built Longkou LNG terminal in eastern China's Shandong province,
operated by state pipeline giant PipeChina, is being lined up to receive
Arctic LNG 2 cargoes, the sources told Reuters.
The move would provide a lifeline to the $21 billion project, which is
under heavy sanctions, and to Moscow, whose gas exports have been hit by
Europe's decision to halt purchases and =E2=81=A0whose oil sector faces pre=
ssure
from Ukrainian attacks.
A second import terminal would allow China to take larger volumes of
sanctioned Russian LNG, while giving Arctic LNG 2 - designed to produce
19.8 million metric tons a year - another export outlet.
Neither PipeChina nor Novatek (NVTK.MM), opens new tab
<https://www.reuters.com/markets/companies/NVTK.MM>, Arctic LNG 2's
majority owner, responded to a Reuters request for comment.
China, the only known buyer of sanctioned Arctic LNG 2 cargoes, has so far
received shipments through PipeChina's Beihai terminal in Guangxi. That
facility took the project's first delivery
<https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/china-receives-first-arctic-lng-2-=
cargo-ahead-putins-visit-data-shows-2025-08-29/>
to
an offtaker in August 2025 aboard the Arctic Mulan tanker.
Since then, Beihai has received 41 cargoes, or 2.6 million tons, of LNG
from Arctic LNG 2 - many via two floating storage units in Russia -
according to ship-tracking data and Kpler estimates. It =E2=80=8Chas also =
=E2=81=A0received
three LNG cargoes from Russia's sanctioned Portovaya terminal
<https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/tanker-delivers-russian-lng-china-=
after-almost-six-months-sea-data-shows-2026-05-19/>
.
China needs an additional terminal to absorb more sanctioned cargoes, one
of the sources said. All declined to be named as they were not authorised
to speak to media.
The world's largest LNG importer, China bought 7.57 million tons from
Russia last year, according to Chinese customs data.
Longkou is seen as a logical choice because, like Beihai, it is operated by
PipeChina =E2=81=A0and is closer to the Koryak floating storage unit in Rus=
sia's
Far East, where Arctic LNG 2 cargoes are stored and reloaded, the sources
said.
An industry executive said Longkou has completed its mechanical build phase
and should be ready before October, in time for peak winter =E2=81=A0demand=
.
Under its completed first phase, the Longkou terminal in the coastal city
of Yantai has an annual receiving capacity of 5 million tons, compared with
6 million tons at Beihai.
PipeChina's Dalian LNG terminal in northeastern China is also being
discussed as =E2=81=A0a potential future receiving point, a fourth source s=
aid.
Novatek has recently stepped up hiring in China, a separate source said.
Reuters reported
<https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/russias-novatek-gives-deep-discoun=
ts-sell-sanctioned-lng-chinese-buyers-sources-2025-11-19/>
last
year that Novatek has cut cargo prices by 30% to 40% since August 2025 to
attract Chinese buyers despite sanctions.

Reporting by Marwa Rashad in London, Emily Chow and Aizhu Chen in
Singapore; Editing by Mark Potter

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail-default-article-header-module__contain=
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edia&amp;utm_campaign=3Drcom-rcp-lead" rel=3D"noopener" class=3D"gmail-text=
-module__text__0GDob gmail-text-module__inherit-color__PhuPF gmail-text-mod=
ule__inherit-font__1P1hv gmail-text-module__inherit-size__EyiQW gmail-link-=
module__link__INqxZ gmail-link-module__underline_default__-okuC gmail-link-=
module__with-icon__qlg76 gmail-collapsible-caption-module__license__CPQvV" =
style=3D"font-size:inherit;margin:0px;padding:0px;letter-spacing:0px;text-t=
ransform:inherit;line-height:inherit;color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font=
-weight:inherit;font-style:inherit">Purchase Licensing<span class=3D"gmail-=
link-module__suffix__ObiNY" style=3D"margin-inline-end: 20px;">=C2=A0Rights=
</span><span style=3D"border:0px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0px;wid=
th:1px;white-space:nowrap">, opens new tab</span></a></div></div><div class=
=3D"gmail-article-body-module__content__bnXL1" style=3D"width:707.325px"><d=
iv class=3D"gmail-context-widget-module__container__b9mKr gmail-article-bod=
y-module__context_widget__sq1EI" style=3D"background:rgb(248,248,248);paddi=
ng:0px 12px 12px;margin-bottom:24px"><div class=3D"gmail-context-widget-mod=
ule__tabcontainer__O1B-s" style=3D"border-bottom:1px solid rgb(208,208,208)=
;width:683.325px;overflow:auto hidden"><ul role=3D"tablist" class=3D"gmail-=
context-widget-module__tabs__AIjL0" style=3D"list-style-type:none;padding:0=
px;margin:0px;display:flex"><li role=3D"tab" aria-selected=3D"true" tabinde=
x=3D"0" class=3D"gmail-text-module__text__0GDob gmail-text-module__dark-gre=
y__UFC18 gmail-text-module__medium__2Rl30 gmail-text-module__small__sph8i g=
mail-body-module__base__o--Cl gmail-body-module__small_body__gOmDf gmail-co=
ntext-widget-module__tab__lRw-D gmail-context-widget-module__selected__Et29=
5" style=3D"font-size:16px;padding:12px 8px 4px;letter-spacing:0px;line-hei=
ght:24px;font-family:knowledge-medium,Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(64,64,64);=
max-width:720px;display:flex;border-bottom:4px solid rgb(64,64,64);white-sp=
ace:nowrap">Summary</li><li role=3D"tab" aria-selected=3D"false" tabindex=
=3D"-1" class=3D"gmail-text-module__text__0GDob gmail-text-module__medium-g=
rey__yZtlg gmail-text-module__medium__2Rl30 gmail-text-module__small__sph8i=
 gmail-body-module__base__o--Cl gmail-body-module__small_body__gOmDf gmail-=
context-widget-module__tab__lRw-D" style=3D"font-size:16px;padding:12px 8px=
 4px;letter-spacing:0px;line-height:24px;font-family:knowledge-medium,Arial=
,sans-serif;color:rgb(102,102,102);max-width:720px;display:flex;border-bott=
om:4px solid rgba(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap">Companies</li></ul></div><di=
v class=3D"gmail-context-widget-module__content__lI1uo" style=3D"padding:12=
px 0px 0px"><ul class=3D"gmail-summary-module__summary__QjADA" style=3D"pad=
ding:0px;margin:0px;list-style:none"><li class=3D"gmail-text-module__text__=
0GDob gmail-text-module__dark-grey__UFC18 gmail-text-module__regular__qJJtA=
 gmail-text-module__small__sph8i gmail-body-module__base__o--Cl gmail-body-=
module__small_body__gOmDf gmail-summary-module__point__UgXPz" style=3D"font=
-size:16px;margin:0px;padding:0px;letter-spacing:0px;line-height:24px;font-=
family:knowledge-regular,Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(64,64,64);max-width:720=
px;display:flex">PipeChina&#39;s Longkou terminal lined up for Arctic LNG 2=
 cargoes</li><li class=3D"gmail-text-module__text__0GDob gmail-text-module_=
_dark-grey__UFC18 gmail-text-module__regular__qJJtA gmail-text-module__smal=
l__sph8i gmail-body-module__base__o--Cl gmail-body-module__small_body__gOmD=
f gmail-summary-module__point__UgXPz" style=3D"font-size:16px;margin:4px 0p=
x 0px;padding:0px;letter-spacing:0px;line-height:24px;font-family:knowledge=
-regular,Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(64,64,64);max-width:720px;display:flex"=
>Longkou should be ready for operations before October</li><li class=3D"gma=
il-text-module__text__0GDob gmail-text-module__dark-grey__UFC18 gmail-text-=
module__regular__qJJtA gmail-text-module__small__sph8i gmail-body-module__b=
ase__o--Cl gmail-body-module__small_body__gOmDf gmail-summary-module__point=
__UgXPz" style=3D"font-size:16px;margin:4px 0px 0px;padding:0px;letter-spac=
ing:0px;line-height:24px;font-family:knowledge-regular,Arial,sans-serif;col=
or:rgb(64,64,64);max-width:720px;display:flex">PipeChina&#39;s Dalian termi=
nal is also under discussion</li></ul></div></div><div class=3D"gmail-text-=
module__text__0GDob gmail-text-module__dark-grey__UFC18 gmail-text-module__=
regular__qJJtA gmail-text-module__small__sph8i gmail-body-module__full_widt=
h__kCIGb gmail-body-module__small_body__gOmDf gmail-article-body-module__pa=
ragraph__Ts-yF" style=3D"font-size:16px;margin:0px 0px 12px;padding:0px;let=
ter-spacing:0px;line-height:24px;font-family:knowledge-regular,Arial,sans-s=
erif;color:rgb(64,64,64);max-width:100%">LONDON/SINGAPORE, June 22 (Reuters=
) - China is preparing a second import terminal to handle liquefied natural=
 gas cargoes from Russia&#39;s sanctioned Arctic LNG 2 project, expanding a=
 =E2=80=8Croute that so far relies on a single facility, three sources with=
 knowledge of the matter said.</div><div class=3D"gmail-text-module__text__=
0GDob gmail-text-module__dark-grey__UFC18 gmail-text-module__regular__qJJtA=
 gmail-text-module__small__sph8i gmail-body-module__full_width__kCIGb gmail=
-body-module__small_body__gOmDf gmail-article-body-module__paragraph__Ts-yF=
" style=3D"font-size:16px;margin:0px 0px 12px;padding:0px;letter-spacing:0p=
x;line-height:24px;font-family:knowledge-regular,Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb=
(64,64,64);max-width:100%">The newly built Longkou LNG terminal in eastern =
China&#39;s Shandong province, operated by state pipeline giant PipeChina, =
is being lined up to receive Arctic LNG 2 cargoes, the sources told Reuters=
.</div><div class=3D"gmail-article-body-module__element__5eCce" style=3D"wi=
dth:707.325px;margin:0px 0px 24px"></div><div class=3D"gmail-text-module__t=
ext__0GDob gmail-text-module__dark-grey__UFC18 gmail-text-module__regular__=
qJJtA gmail-text-module__small__sph8i gmail-body-module__full_width__kCIGb =
gmail-body-module__small_body__gOmDf gmail-article-body-module__paragraph__=
Ts-yF" style=3D"font-size:16px;margin:0px 0px 12px;padding:0px;letter-spaci=
ng:0px;line-height:24px;font-family:knowledge-regular,Arial,sans-serif;colo=
r:rgb(64,64,64);max-width:100%">The move would provide a lifeline to the $2=
1 billion project, which is under heavy sanctions, and to Moscow, whose gas=
 exports have been hit by Europe&#39;s decision to halt purchases and =E2=
=81=A0whose oil sector faces pressure from Ukrainian attacks.</div><div cla=
ss=3D"gmail-text-module__text__0GDob gmail-text-module__dark-grey__UFC18 gm=
ail-text-module__regular__qJJtA gmail-text-module__small__sph8i gmail-body-=
module__full_width__kCIGb gmail-body-module__small_body__gOmDf gmail-articl=
e-body-module__paragraph__Ts-yF" style=3D"font-size:16px;margin:0px 0px 12p=
x;padding:0px;letter-spacing:0px;line-height:24px;font-family:knowledge-reg=
ular,Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(64,64,64);max-width:100%">A second import t=
erminal would allow China to take larger volumes of sanctioned Russian LNG,=
 while giving Arctic LNG 2 - designed to produce 19.8 million metric tons a=
 year - another export outlet.</div><div class=3D"gmail-text-module__text__=
0GDob gmail-text-module__dark-grey__UFC18 gmail-text-module__regular__qJJtA=
 gmail-text-module__small__sph8i gmail-body-module__full_width__kCIGb gmail=
-body-module__small_body__gOmDf gmail-article-body-module__paragraph__Ts-yF=
" style=3D"font-size:16px;margin:0px 0px 12px;padding:0px;letter-spacing:0p=
x;line-height:24px;font-family:knowledge-regular,Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb=
(64,64,64);max-width:100%">Neither PipeChina nor Novatek=C2=A0<a target=3D"=
_blank" href=3D"https://www.reuters.com/markets/companies/NVTK.MM" rel=3D"n=
oopener" class=3D"gmail-text-module__text__0GDob gmail-text-module__inherit=
-color__PhuPF gmail-text-module__inherit-font__1P1hv gmail-text-module__inh=
erit-size__EyiQW gmail-link-module__link__INqxZ gmail-link-module__underlin=
e_default__-okuC gmail-link-module__with-icon__qlg76" style=3D"font-size:in=
herit;margin:0px;padding:0px;letter-spacing:0px;text-transform:inherit;line=
-height:inherit;color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-=
style:inherit">(NVTK.MM)<span style=3D"border:0px;height:1px;overflow:hidde=
n;padding:0px;width:1px;white-space:nowrap">, opens new tab</span></a>, Arc=
tic LNG 2&#39;s majority owner, responded to a Reuters request for comment.=
</div><div class=3D"gmail-text-module__text__0GDob gmail-text-module__dark-=
grey__UFC18 gmail-text-module__regular__qJJtA gmail-text-module__small__sph=
8i gmail-body-module__full_width__kCIGb gmail-body-module__small_body__gOmD=
f gmail-article-body-module__paragraph__Ts-yF" style=3D"font-size:16px;marg=
in:0px 0px 12px;padding:0px;letter-spacing:0px;line-height:24px;font-family=
:knowledge-regular,Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(64,64,64);max-width:100%">Chi=
na, the only known buyer of sanctioned Arctic LNG 2 cargoes, has so far rec=
eived shipments through PipeChina&#39;s Beihai terminal in Guangxi. That fa=
cility took the project&#39;s=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://www.reuters.com/busin=
ess/energy/china-receives-first-arctic-lng-2-cargo-ahead-putins-visit-data-=
shows-2025-08-29/" class=3D"gmail-text-module__text__0GDob gmail-text-modul=
e__inherit-color__PhuPF gmail-text-module__inherit-font__1P1hv gmail-text-m=
odule__inherit-size__EyiQW gmail-link-module__link__INqxZ gmail-link-module=
__underline_default__-okuC" style=3D"font-size:inherit;margin:0px;padding:0=
px;letter-spacing:0px;text-transform:inherit;line-height:inherit;color:inhe=
rit;font-family:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-style:inherit">first deliv=
ery</a>=C2=A0to an offtaker in August 2025 aboard the Arctic Mulan tanker.<=
/div><div class=3D"gmail-article-body-module__element__5eCce" style=3D"widt=
h:707.325px;margin:24px 0px"></div><div class=3D"gmail-text-module__text__0=
GDob gmail-text-module__dark-grey__UFC18 gmail-text-module__regular__qJJtA =
gmail-text-module__small__sph8i gmail-body-module__full_width__kCIGb gmail-=
body-module__small_body__gOmDf gmail-article-body-module__paragraph__Ts-yF"=
 style=3D"font-size:16px;margin:0px 0px 12px;padding:0px;letter-spacing:0px=
;line-height:24px;font-family:knowledge-regular,Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(=
64,64,64);max-width:100%">Since then, Beihai has received 41 cargoes, or 2.=
6 million tons, of LNG from Arctic LNG 2 - many via two floating storage un=
its in Russia - according to ship-tracking data and Kpler estimates. It =E2=
=80=8Chas also =E2=81=A0received three LNG cargoes from Russia&#39;s sancti=
oned=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/tanker-deliver=
s-russian-lng-china-after-almost-six-months-sea-data-shows-2026-05-19/" cla=
ss=3D"gmail-text-module__text__0GDob gmail-text-module__inherit-color__PhuP=
F gmail-text-module__inherit-font__1P1hv gmail-text-module__inherit-size__E=
yiQW gmail-link-module__link__INqxZ gmail-link-module__underline_default__-=
okuC" style=3D"font-size:inherit;margin:0px;padding:0px;letter-spacing:0px;=
text-transform:inherit;line-height:inherit;color:inherit;font-family:inheri=
t;font-weight:inherit;font-style:inherit">Portovaya terminal</a>.</div><div=
 class=3D"gmail-text-module__text__0GDob gmail-text-module__dark-grey__UFC1=
8 gmail-text-module__regular__qJJtA gmail-text-module__small__sph8i gmail-b=
ody-module__full_width__kCIGb gmail-body-module__small_body__gOmDf gmail-ar=
ticle-body-module__paragraph__Ts-yF" style=3D"font-size:16px;margin:0px 0px=
 12px;padding:0px;letter-spacing:0px;line-height:24px;font-family:knowledge=
-regular,Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(64,64,64);max-width:100%">China needs a=
n additional terminal to absorb more sanctioned cargoes, one of the sources=
 said. All declined to be named as they were not authorised to speak to med=
ia.</div><div class=3D"gmail-text-module__text__0GDob gmail-text-module__da=
rk-grey__UFC18 gmail-text-module__regular__qJJtA gmail-text-module__small__=
sph8i gmail-body-module__full_width__kCIGb gmail-body-module__small_body__g=
OmDf gmail-article-body-module__paragraph__Ts-yF" style=3D"font-size:16px;m=
argin:0px 0px 12px;padding:0px;letter-spacing:0px;line-height:24px;font-fam=
ily:knowledge-regular,Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(64,64,64);max-width:100%">=
The world&#39;s largest LNG importer, China bought 7.57 million tons from R=
ussia last year, according to Chinese customs data.</div><div class=3D"gmai=
l-text-module__text__0GDob gmail-text-module__dark-grey__UFC18 gmail-text-m=
odule__regular__qJJtA gmail-text-module__small__sph8i gmail-body-module__fu=
ll_width__kCIGb gmail-body-module__small_body__gOmDf gmail-article-body-mod=
ule__paragraph__Ts-yF" style=3D"font-size:16px;margin:0px 0px 12px;padding:=
0px;letter-spacing:0px;line-height:24px;font-family:knowledge-regular,Arial=
,sans-serif;color:rgb(64,64,64);max-width:100%">Longkou is seen as a logica=
l choice because, like Beihai, it is operated by PipeChina =E2=81=A0and is =
closer to the Koryak floating storage unit in Russia&#39;s Far East, where =
Arctic LNG 2 cargoes are stored and reloaded, the sources said.</div><div c=
lass=3D"gmail-text-module__text__0GDob gmail-text-module__dark-grey__UFC18 =
gmail-text-module__regular__qJJtA gmail-text-module__small__sph8i gmail-bod=
y-module__full_width__kCIGb gmail-body-module__small_body__gOmDf gmail-arti=
cle-body-module__paragraph__Ts-yF" style=3D"font-size:16px;margin:0px 0px 1=
2px;padding:0px;letter-spacing:0px;line-height:24px;font-family:knowledge-r=
egular,Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(64,64,64);max-width:100%">An industry exe=
cutive said Longkou has completed its mechanical build phase and should be =
ready before October, in time for peak winter =E2=81=A0demand.</div><div cl=
ass=3D"gmail-article-body-module__element__5eCce" style=3D"width:707.325px;=
margin:24px 0px"></div><div class=3D"gmail-text-module__text__0GDob gmail-t=
ext-module__dark-grey__UFC18 gmail-text-module__regular__qJJtA gmail-text-m=
odule__small__sph8i gmail-body-module__full_width__kCIGb gmail-body-module_=
_small_body__gOmDf gmail-article-body-module__paragraph__Ts-yF" style=3D"fo=
nt-size:16px;margin:0px 0px 12px;padding:0px;letter-spacing:0px;line-height=
:24px;font-family:knowledge-regular,Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(64,64,64);ma=
x-width:100%">Under its completed first phase, the Longkou terminal in the =
coastal city of Yantai has an annual receiving capacity of 5 million tons, =
compared with 6 million tons at Beihai.</div><div class=3D"gmail-text-modul=
e__text__0GDob gmail-text-module__dark-grey__UFC18 gmail-text-module__regul=
ar__qJJtA gmail-text-module__small__sph8i gmail-body-module__full_width__kC=
IGb gmail-body-module__small_body__gOmDf gmail-article-body-module__paragra=
ph__Ts-yF" style=3D"font-size:16px;margin:0px 0px 12px;padding:0px;letter-s=
pacing:0px;line-height:24px;font-family:knowledge-regular,Arial,sans-serif;=
color:rgb(64,64,64);max-width:100%">PipeChina&#39;s Dalian LNG terminal in =
northeastern China is also being discussed as =E2=81=A0a potential future r=
eceiving point, a fourth source said.</div><div class=3D"gmail-text-module_=
_text__0GDob gmail-text-module__dark-grey__UFC18 gmail-text-module__regular=
__qJJtA gmail-text-module__small__sph8i gmail-body-module__full_width__kCIG=
b gmail-body-module__small_body__gOmDf gmail-article-body-module__paragraph=
__Ts-yF" style=3D"font-size:16px;margin:0px 0px 12px;padding:0px;letter-spa=
cing:0px;line-height:24px;font-family:knowledge-regular,Arial,sans-serif;co=
lor:rgb(64,64,64);max-width:100%">Novatek has recently stepped up hiring in=
 China, a separate source said.</div><div class=3D"gmail-text-module__text_=
_0GDob gmail-text-module__dark-grey__UFC18 gmail-text-module__regular__qJJt=
A gmail-text-module__small__sph8i gmail-body-module__full_width__kCIGb gmai=
l-body-module__small_body__gOmDf gmail-article-body-module__paragraph__Ts-y=
F" style=3D"font-size:16px;margin:0px 0px 12px;padding:0px;letter-spacing:0=
px;line-height:24px;font-family:knowledge-regular,Arial,sans-serif;color:rg=
b(64,64,64);max-width:100%">Reuters=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://www.reuters.com=
/business/energy/russias-novatek-gives-deep-discounts-sell-sanctioned-lng-c=
hinese-buyers-sources-2025-11-19/" class=3D"gmail-text-module__text__0GDob =
gmail-text-module__inherit-color__PhuPF gmail-text-module__inherit-font__1P=
1hv gmail-text-module__inherit-size__EyiQW gmail-link-module__link__INqxZ g=
mail-link-module__underline_default__-okuC" style=3D"font-size:inherit;marg=
in:0px;padding:0px;letter-spacing:0px;text-transform:inherit;line-height:in=
herit;color:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-style:inhe=
rit">reported</a>=C2=A0last year that Novatek has cut cargo prices by 30% t=
o 40% since August 2025 to attract Chinese buyers despite sanctions.</div><=
div class=3D"gmail-article-body-module__element__5eCce" style=3D"width:707.=
325px;margin:24px 0px"></div><div class=3D"gmail-article-body-module__eleme=
nt__5eCce" style=3D"width:707.325px;margin:0px 0px 24px"><p class=3D"gmail-=
text-module__text__0GDob gmail-text-module__dark-grey__UFC18 gmail-text-mod=
ule__regular__qJJtA gmail-text-module__extra_small__8Buss gmail-body-module=
__full_width__kCIGb gmail-body-module__extra_small_body__Bfz20 gmail-sign-o=
ff-module__text__LQAMP" style=3D"font-size:14px;margin:12px 0px 0px;padding=
:0px;letter-spacing:0px;line-height:20px;font-family:knowledge-regular,Aria=
l,sans-serif;color:rgb(64,64,64);max-width:100%">Reporting by Marwa Rashad =
in London, Emily Chow and Aizhu Chen in Singapore; Editing by Mark Potter</=
p></div></div></div></div></div>

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Date: Tue, 23 Jun 2026 09:13:06 -0400
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Subject: [Salon] Italy's Prime Minister: "As for my popularity,
 being your friend certainly has not helped it."
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A federal judge writes of "the Trump administration=E2=80=99s well-establis=
hed
history of using criminal investigations to retaliate against and pressure
the President=E2=80=99s political and personal adversaries.=E2=80=9D
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(Dobbs) Italy's Prime Minister: "As for my popularity, being your friend
certainly has not helped it."
<https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3D265151&post_id=3D20314=
5083&utm_source=3Dpost-email-title&utm_campaign=3Demail-post-title&isFreema=
il=3Dtrue&r=3D390az&token=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIjo1NDU5MTQ3LCJwb3N0X2lkIjoyMDMxNDU=
wODMsImlhdCI6MTc4MjIxMDgyOCwiZXhwIjoxNzg0ODAyODI4LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMjY1MTUxIi=
wic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.KP_eVHdO6296yXY2dK5Ljo9KW8rtoB7Xge268Go1ACA>=
A
federal judge writes of "the Trump administration=E2=80=99s well-establishe=
d
history of using criminal investigations to retaliate against and pressure
the President=E2=80=99s political and personal adversaries.=E2=80=9D

Greg Dobbs <https://substack.com/@gregdobbs>
Jun 23
<https://substack.com/@gregdobbs>






Donald Trump is taking his knocks.

It is high time.

Yesterday for example, news came out that the chief federal judge in the
state of Minnesota ruled that when Trump=E2=80=99s justice department issue=
d
subpoenas to Governor Tim Walz, Attorney General Keith Ellison, Minneapolis
Mayor Jacob Frey, and other local officials back in January in the wake of
the deadly conflicts in Minneapolis during anti-ICE protests, its purpose
wasn=E2=80=99t justice, it was coercion. In a barbed rebuke to the administ=
ration,
Judge Patrick Schlitz wrote, =E2=80=9CThe Department has struggled =E2=80=
=94 without
success =E2=80=94 to identify a single plausible investigatory justificatio=
n for
the subpoenas.=E2=80=9D
<https://substack.com/redirect/1fa76577-1038-429f-bca0-b02f06f5b5aa?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMzkwYXoifQ.63a58n3zMjmmr0mkOuevC7O6Kp_vfHJv1Esns2iQXZc>

The law the justice department employed to carry out criminal
investigations of these political leaders was conspiracy to impede a
federal investigation, which it justified because they wouldn=E2=80=99t tur=
n over
certain records the feds demanded. The truth is, the only government body
to impede any investigations after the killings of two protesters that
month was the federal government, which collected evidence after the
shootings but withheld it from local and state police.
<https://substack.com/redirect/77061d57-3add-4afd-b663-c5db1e2e1062?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMzkwYXoifQ.63a58n3zMjmmr0mkOuevC7O6Kp_vfHJv1Esns2iQXZc>

In his decision to quash the subpoenas, Judge Schlitz pulled no punches.
=E2=80=9CThis course of events =E2=80=94 in and of itself =E2=80=94 establi=
shes beyond reasonable
dispute that the subpoenas were a part of a broader campaign to coerce
state and local officials in Minnesota to assist the Trump administration
in its enforcement of immigration laws. And, of course, this campaign
played out against the backdrop of the Trump administration=E2=80=99s
well-established history of using criminal investigations to retaliate
against and pressure the President=E2=80=99s political and personal adversa=
ries.=E2=80=9D
<https://substack.com/redirect/5452670a-e033-4a24-bb87-dd87c0ce0303?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMzkwYXoifQ.63a58n3zMjmmr0mkOuevC7O6Kp_vfHJv1Esns2iQXZc>

Also yesterday, Vice President Vance, fresh from his negotiations in
Switzerland with counterparts from Iran, proclaimed as if it were some
great triumph by the Trump administration that Iran has agreed to allow
inspectors from the International Atomic Energy Agency to assess Iran=E2=80=
=99s
nuclear program. =E2=80=9CThis is a major milestone for the American people=
,=E2=80=9D Vance
declared, =E2=80=9Cand the first step in permanently denuclearizing or perm=
anently
ending a nuclear weapons program in Iran.=E2=80=9D

Maybe a major milestone for the American people, but also* a major
embarrassment for President Trump*. Because what it does is establish terms
that President Obama established in 2015 when he negotiated the Joint
Comprehensive Plan of Action with Iran. A plan *Trump put in the shredder.*
<https://substack.com/redirect/b13f28fd-e693-48a3-9138-dc66ffe574ea?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMzkwYXoifQ.63a58n3zMjmmr0mkOuevC7O6Kp_vfHJv1Esns2iQXZc>

In other words, there already were inspectors there from the atomic energy
agency until Trump tore up Obama=E2=80=99s deal, calling it =E2=80=9Chorrib=
le,=E2=80=9D =E2=80=9Cdefective
at its core,=E2=80=9D =E2=80=9Cone sided,=E2=80=9D a =E2=80=9Croad to a nuc=
lear weapon,=E2=80=9D and =E2=80=9Cone of the
worst and dumbest agreements ever made by the U.S.=E2=80=9D Last Wednesday =
in his
speech at the G7 summit in France, Trump crudely told his audience that the
Iranians had =E2=80=9Claughed at Obama, and they said, =E2=80=98He=E2=80=99=
s a stupid son of a
bitch.=E2=80=99=E2=80=9D

So who=E2=80=99s the =E2=80=98stupid son of a bitch=E2=80=99 now? We=E2=80=
=99re supposed to be grateful
that Trump is getting us back to where we were before he trashed the
treaty. It=E2=80=99s kind of like the Strait of Hormuz. If at some point Tr=
ump
manages to truly free up the waterway, he=E2=80=99ll celebrate it as some s=
ort of
victory, even though it never would have been shut down if he hadn=E2=80=99=
t
started his war.
<https://substack.com/redirect/36a73ef9-657c-4b66-9fee-8c648bba7052?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMzkwYXoifQ.63a58n3zMjmmr0mkOuevC7O6Kp_vfHJv1Esns2iQXZc>

And anyway, if the Iranians *did* laugh at Obama, the last laugh might be
on Trump. After his vice president made his unequivocal proclamation about
Iran allowing inspectors in, Iran=E2=80=99s foreign ministry said, =E2=80=
=9CNot so fast.=E2=80=9D
Last summer, after the American and Israeli attacks on their nuclear
facilities, the Iranian parliament suspended cooperation with the nuclear
inspectors. Now, the foreign ministry is saying that any relationship with
the atomic energy agency will be =E2=80=9Cin line with resolutions passed b=
y
Parliament and decisions of the Supreme National Security Council.=E2=80=9D
Translation? We didn=E2=80=99t commit to what you say we committed to. And =
until
Parliament says otherwise, the inspectors won=E2=80=99t be let back in.

But the most insulting recent reproach of the president came three days ago
from a former ally and former fan, in fact the only European leader to come
to Trump=E2=80=99s inauguration in 2025: Italy=E2=80=99s prime minister Gio=
rgia Meloni.

Still piqued that Meloni wouldn=E2=80=99t allow American military bases in =
Italy to
serve as staging areas to support his war with Iran, our petty president
claimed in an interview with an Italian TV station during the G7 summit,
=E2=80=9CShe begged me to take a picture with her. She wanted a picture wit=
h me so
badly. I wouldn=E2=80=99t have taken it, but I felt sorry for her.=E2=80=9D
<https://substack.com/redirect/94ae6342-2144-46db-a030-4bb91b27690e?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMzkwYXoifQ.63a58n3zMjmmr0mkOuevC7O6Kp_vfHJv1Esns2iQXZc>

Except Meloni says that=E2=80=99s a total lie. In a video she posted on X, =
the
prime minister said, =E2=80=9CDonald Trump=E2=80=99s statements are complet=
ely made up. I
am frankly astonished. I don=E2=80=99t know why the =E2=80=8Cpresident of t=
he United States
behaves like this towards his allies. It is not the first time, moreover.=
=E2=80=9D

But she didn=E2=80=99t stop there. =E2=80=9CI can only say it is disappoint=
ing that he does
not show the same determination with the enemies of the West and of the
United States, whose leaders he instead treats with far greater indulgence.
There is one thing he should remember: neither I nor Italy ever beg.=E2=80=
=9D
<https://substack.com/redirect/2976e7a9-65fe-4e89-85d4-d3bafc7b6102?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMzkwYXoifQ.63a58n3zMjmmr0mkOuevC7O6Kp_vfHJv1Esns2iQXZc>

She joins the ranks of other leaders who finally have had their fill of
Donald Trump. Spain=E2=80=99s prime minister Pedro Sanchez refused to take =
part in
the war, writing, =E2=80=9CThe Government of Spain will not applaud those w=
ho set
the world on fire just because they show up with a bucket.=E2=80=9D After T=
rump
said he didn=E2=80=99t need help from British troops in the Iran war becaus=
e in
Afghanistan, =E2=80=9CThey stayed a little back, little off the front lines=
,=E2=80=9D the
U.K.=E2=80=99s prime minister Keir Starmer called his comments =E2=80=9Cins=
ulting and
frankly appalling.=E2=80=9D They also were wrong. Germany=E2=80=99s chancel=
lor was equally
blunt about Trump=E2=80=99s failed efforts in April to start peace talks: =
=E2=80=9CAn
entire nation is being humiliated by the Iranian leadership, especially by
these so-called Revolutionary Guards.=E2=80=9D

But the political hero whose ranks Italy=E2=80=99s leader has now joined is
Canadian prime minister Mark Carney. When he spoke at the economic summit
in Davos last January, Carney denounced Trump=E2=80=99s use of tariffs as w=
eapons
of extortion. The =E2=80=9Cmiddle powers=E2=80=9D he said, =E2=80=9Cmust ac=
t together because if
we=E2=80=99re not at the table, we=E2=80=99re on the menu.=E2=80=9D
<https://substack.com/redirect/70c4626a-ba99-4f38-82be-3d236b78c1ea?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMzkwYXoifQ.63a58n3zMjmmr0mkOuevC7O6Kp_vfHJv1Esns2iQXZc>

Today though, Giorgia Meloni deserves the praise. After Trump said she is
doing =E2=80=9Cpoorly in Italy with her level of popularity,=E2=80=9D she w=
rote, =E2=80=9CPresident
Trump, these constant, unprovoked attacks are senseless. As for my
popularity, being your friend certainly has not helped it, nor does it
depend on my relationship with you.=E2=80=9D She topped it off with, =E2=80=
=9CMy popularity
is none of your concern. I suggest you focus on yours.=E2=80=9D

Leave a comment

Madam Prime Minister, you go, girl.

We won=E2=80=99t even mention the murky green algae and the peeling blue pa=
int
because of the botched job Trump did on the National Mall=E2=80=99s Reflect=
ing
Pool. It=E2=80=99s an embarrassing failure he can=E2=80=99t hide.

Donald Trump is taking his knocks.

It is high time.

Share






=C2=A9 2026 Greg Dobbs

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p;utm_campaign=3Demail-post-title&amp;isFreemail=3Dtrue&amp;r=3D390az&amp;t=
oken=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIjo1NDU5MTQ3LCJwb3N0X2lkIjoyMDMxNDUwODMsImlhdCI6MTc4MjIx=
MDgyOCwiZXhwIjoxNzg0ODAyODI4LCJpc3MiOiJwdWItMjY1MTUxIiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWF=
jdGlvbiJ9.KP_eVHdO6296yXY2dK5Ljo9KW8rtoB7Xge268Go1ACA" style=3D"color:rgb(5=
4,55,55);text-decoration:none" rel=3D"noreferrer noopener" target=3D"_blank=
">(Dobbs) Italy&#39;s Prime Minister: &quot;As for my popularity, being you=
r friend certainly has not helped it.&quot;</a></h1><h3 style=3D"font-famil=
y:&#39;SF Pro Display&#39;,-apple-system-headline,system-ui,-apple-system,B=
linkMacSystemFont,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,&#39=
;Apple Color Emoji&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI Emoji&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI Symbol&#39;;=
font-weight:normal;margin:4px 0 0;color:#777777;line-height:24px;font-size:=
18px;margin-top:12px">A federal judge writes of &quot;the Trump administrat=
ion=E2=80=99s well-established history of using criminal investigations to =
retaliate against and pressure the President=E2=80=99s political and person=
al adversaries.=E2=80=9D</h3><table width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=
=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D"margin:1em 0;min-height:20px"><tbody><tr>=
<td><table width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0">=
<tbody><tr><td><table width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpad=
ding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle"><div style=3D"lis=
t-style:none;font-size:11px;line-height:20px;text-decoration-color:unset;co=
lor:rgb(54,55,55);margin:0px;font-family:SF Compact,-apple-system,system-ui=
,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-seri=
f,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol;font-weight:500;text-tra=
nsform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.2px"><a style=3D"list-style:none;color:rg=
b(54,55,55);margin:0;font-size:11px;line-height:20px;font-family:&#39;SF Co=
mpact&#39;,-apple-system,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&#39;Se=
goe UI&#39;,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,&#39;Apple Color Emoji&#39;,&=
#39;Segoe UI Emoji&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI Symbol&#39;;font-weight:500;text-tran=
sform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.2px;text-decoration:none" href=3D"https://s=
ubstack.com/@gregdobbs" rel=3D"noreferrer noopener" target=3D"_blank">Greg =
Dobbs</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td><table width=3D"=
auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=
=3D"vertical-align:middle"><div style=3D"list-style:none;font-size:11px;lin=
e-height:20px;text-decoration-color:unset;color:rgb(119,119,119);margin:0px=
;font-family:SF Compact,-apple-system,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSyste=
mFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI=
 Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol;font-weight:500;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spac=
ing:0.2px"> Jun 23</div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table=
></td><td align=3D"right"><table width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D=
"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle"><a hre=
f=3D"https://substack.com/@gregdobbs" rel=3D"noreferrer noopener" target=3D=
"_blank"><img src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PAWG!,f_auto,q=
_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-=
9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa104d9eb-051d-42d7-a=
bb3-a6113db5553a_620x640.jpeg" style=3D"max-width:550px;border:none;vertica=
l-align:middle;width:40px;min-height:40px;min-width:40px;min-height:40px;ma=
rgin:0px;display:inline;border-radius:50%" width=3D"40" height=3D"40"></a><=
/td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table><table width=3D"100%" bo=
rder=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D"border-top-width:1p=
x;border-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:solid;=
min-width:100%"><tbody><tr height=3D"16"><td height=3D"16" style=3D"font-si=
ze:0px;line-height:0">=C2=A0</td></tr><tr><td><table width=3D"100%" border=
=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td><table width=3D"a=
uto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=
=3D"vertical-align:middle"><br></td><td width=3D"8" style=3D"min-width:8px"=
></td><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle"></td><td width=3D"8" style=3D"min=
-width:8px"></td><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle"></td><td width=3D"8" s=
tyle=3D"min-width:8px"></td><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle"></td></tr><=
/tbody></table></td><td align=3D"right"><table width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" =
cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:=
middle"><br><br></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></=
tr><tr height=3D"16"><td height=3D"16" style=3D"font-size:0px;line-height:0=
">=C2=A0</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div style=3D"padding:32px 0 =
0 0;font-size:16px;line-height:26px"><div style=3D"text-align:initial;font-=
size:16px;line-height:26px;width:100%;margin-bottom:16px"><p style=3D"margi=
n:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px;margin-top=
:0">Donald Trump is taking his knocks.</p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;col=
or:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px">It is high time.</p><p st=
yle=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16p=
x">Yesterday for example, news came out that the chief federal judge in the=
 state of Minnesota ruled that when Trump=E2=80=99s justice department issu=
ed subpoenas to Governor Tim Walz, Attorney General Keith Ellison, Minneapo=
lis Mayor Jacob Frey, and other local officials back in January in the wake=
 of the deadly conflicts in Minneapolis during anti-ICE protests, its purpo=
se wasn=E2=80=99t justice, it was coercion. In a barbed rebuke to the admin=
istration, Judge Patrick Schlitz wrote, =E2=80=9CThe Department has struggl=
ed =E2=80=94 without success =E2=80=94 to identify a single plausible inves=
tigatory justification for the subpoenas.=E2=80=9D</p><div style=3D"font-si=
ze:16px;line-height:26px;margin:32px auto"><table width=3D"100%" border=3D"=
0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"text-align:c=
enter"></td><td align=3D"left" width=3D"912" style=3D"text-align:center"><a=
 href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/1fa76577-1038-429f-bca0-b02f06f5b5aa=
?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMzkwYXoifQ.63a58n3zMjmmr0mkOuevC7O6Kp_vfHJv1Esns2iQXZc" style=
=3D"padding:0;width:auto;height:auto;border:none;text-decoration:none;displ=
ay:block;margin:0" rel=3D"noreferrer noopener" target=3D"_blank"><img alt=
=3D"" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X8Uk!,w_1100,c_limit,f=
_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3=
.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a3772b2-12f0-45e9-aa8d-40bf019d1108_912=
x269.png" style=3D"vertical-align:middle;display:block;margin:0px auto;bord=
er-width:medium!important;border-style:none!important;border-color:currentc=
olor!important;width:550px;max-width:800px"></a></td><td style=3D"text-alig=
n:center"></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;col=
or:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"></p><p style=3D"margin:0 =
0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px">The law the j=
ustice department employed to carry out criminal investigations of these po=
litical leaders was conspiracy to impede a federal investigation, which it =
justified because they wouldn=E2=80=99t turn over certain records the feds =
demanded. The truth is, the only government body to impede any investigatio=
ns after the killings of two protesters that month was the federal governme=
nt, which collected evidence after the shootings but withheld it from local=
 and state police.</p><div style=3D"font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:=
32px auto"><table width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=
=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"text-align:center"></td><td align=3D"left" w=
idth=3D"465" style=3D"text-align:center"><a href=3D"https://substack.com/re=
direct/77061d57-3add-4afd-b663-c5db1e2e1062?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMzkwYXoifQ.63a58n3z=
Mjmmr0mkOuevC7O6Kp_vfHJv1Esns2iQXZc" style=3D"padding:0;width:auto;height:a=
uto;border:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin:0" rel=3D"norefer=
rer noopener" target=3D"_blank"><img alt=3D"" src=3D"https://substackcdn.co=
m/image/fetch/$s_!8o1l!,w_465,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:ste=
ep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2=
0c32dcc-f8d1-4366-b66c-74af2e39e517_465x789.png" style=3D"vertical-align:mi=
ddle;display:block;margin:0px auto;border-width:medium!important;border-sty=
le:none!important;border-color:currentcolor!important;width:465px;max-width=
:465px"></a></td><td style=3D"text-align:center"></td></tr></tbody></table>=
</div><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;fo=
nt-size:16px"></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-he=
ight:26px;font-size:16px">In his decision to quash the subpoenas, Judge Sch=
litz pulled no punches. =E2=80=9CThis course of events =E2=80=94 in and of =
itself =E2=80=94 establishes beyond reasonable dispute that the subpoenas w=
ere a part of a broader campaign to coerce state and local officials in Min=
nesota to assist the Trump administration in its enforcement of immigration=
 laws. And, of course, this campaign played out against the backdrop of the=
 Trump administration=E2=80=99s well-established history of using criminal =
investigations to retaliate against and pressure the President=E2=80=99s po=
litical and personal adversaries.=E2=80=9D</p><div style=3D"font-size:16px;=
line-height:26px;margin:32px auto"><table width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cells=
pacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"text-align:center"><=
/td><td align=3D"left" width=3D"899" style=3D"text-align:center"><a href=3D=
"https://substack.com/redirect/5452670a-e033-4a24-bb87-dd87c0ce0303?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMzkwYXoifQ.63a58n3zMjmmr0mkOuevC7O6Kp_vfHJv1Esns2iQXZc" style=3D"paddi=
ng:0;width:auto;height:auto;border:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;=
margin:0" rel=3D"noreferrer noopener" target=3D"_blank"><img alt=3D"" src=
=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RPrN!,w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_a=
uto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaw=
s.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c814064-df2c-4757-96f6-5f3afd6585c3_899x222.png"=
 style=3D"vertical-align:middle;display:block;margin:0px auto;border-width:=
medium!important;border-style:none!important;border-color:currentcolor!impo=
rtant;width:550px;max-width:800px"></a></td><td style=3D"text-align:center"=
></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54=
,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;=
color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px">Also yesterday, Vice P=
resident Vance, fresh from his negotiations in Switzerland with counterpart=
s from Iran, proclaimed as if it were some great triumph by the Trump admin=
istration that Iran has agreed to allow inspectors from the International A=
tomic Energy Agency to assess Iran=E2=80=99s nuclear program. =E2=80=9CThis=
 is a major milestone for the American people,=E2=80=9D Vance declared, =E2=
=80=9Cand the first step in permanently denuclearizing or permanently endin=
g a nuclear weapons program in Iran.=E2=80=9D</p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20p=
x 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>Maybe a majo=
r milestone for the American people, but also</span><em> a major embarrassm=
ent for President Trump</em><span>. Because what it does is establish terms=
 that President Obama established in 2015 when he negotiated the Joint Comp=
rehensive Plan of Action with Iran. A plan </span><em>Trump put in the shre=
dder.</em></p><div style=3D"font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:32px aut=
o"><table width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><=
tbody><tr><td style=3D"text-align:center"></td><td align=3D"left" width=3D"=
734" style=3D"text-align:center"><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/b=
13f28fd-e693-48a3-9138-dc66ffe574ea?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMzkwYXoifQ.63a58n3zMjmmr0mk=
OuevC7O6Kp_vfHJv1Esns2iQXZc" style=3D"padding:0;width:auto;height:auto;bord=
er:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin:0" rel=3D"noreferrer noop=
ener" target=3D"_blank"><img alt=3D"" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/=
fetch/$s_!8nZY!,w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/http=
s%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9c0e563=
-2469-425c-af3f-9f83fa7674d7_734x510.png" style=3D"vertical-align:middle;di=
splay:block;margin:0px auto;border-width:medium!important;border-style:none=
!important;border-color:currentcolor!important;width:550px;max-width:734px"=
></a></td><td style=3D"text-align:center"></td></tr></tbody></table></div><=
p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size=
:16px"></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26=
px;font-size:16px">In other words, there already were inspectors there from=
 the atomic energy agency until Trump tore up Obama=E2=80=99s deal, calling=
 it =E2=80=9Chorrible,=E2=80=9D =E2=80=9Cdefective at its core,=E2=80=9D =
=E2=80=9Cone sided,=E2=80=9D a =E2=80=9Croad to a nuclear weapon,=E2=80=9D =
and =E2=80=9Cone of the worst and dumbest agreements ever made by the U.S.=
=E2=80=9D Last Wednesday in his speech at the G7 summit in France, Trump cr=
udely told his audience that the Iranians had =E2=80=9Claughed at Obama, an=
d they said, =E2=80=98He=E2=80=99s a stupid son of a bitch.=E2=80=99=E2=80=
=9D</p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;f=
ont-size:16px">So who=E2=80=99s the =E2=80=98stupid son of a bitch=E2=80=99=
 now? We=E2=80=99re supposed to be grateful that Trump is getting us back t=
o where we were before he trashed the treaty. It=E2=80=99s kind of like the=
 Strait of Hormuz. If at some point Trump manages to truly free up the wate=
rway, he=E2=80=99ll celebrate it as some sort of victory, even though it ne=
ver would have been shut down if he hadn=E2=80=99t started his war.</p><div=
 style=3D"font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:32px auto"><table width=3D=
"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td styl=
e=3D"text-align:center"></td><td align=3D"left" width=3D"525" style=3D"text=
-align:center"><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/36a73ef9-657c-4b66-=
9fee-8c648bba7052?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMzkwYXoifQ.63a58n3zMjmmr0mkOuevC7O6Kp_vfHJv1E=
sns2iQXZc" style=3D"padding:0;width:auto;height:auto;border:none;text-decor=
ation:none;display:block;margin:0" rel=3D"noreferrer noopener" target=3D"_b=
lank"><img alt=3D"" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fL3X!,w_=
525,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-=
post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb59f367f-20e5-496f-8342-847=
55aaff21f_525x356.png" style=3D"vertical-align:middle;display:block;margin:=
0px auto;border-width:medium!important;border-style:none!important;border-c=
olor:currentcolor!important;width:525px;max-width:525px"></a></td><td style=
=3D"text-align:center"></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p style=3D"margin:0=
 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"></p><p style=
=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px">=
<span>And anyway, if the Iranians </span><em>did</em><span> laugh at Obama,=
 the last laugh might be on Trump. After his vice president made his unequi=
vocal proclamation about Iran allowing inspectors in, Iran=E2=80=99s foreig=
n ministry said, =E2=80=9CNot so fast.=E2=80=9D Last summer, after the Amer=
ican and Israeli attacks on their nuclear facilities, the Iranian parliamen=
t suspended cooperation with the nuclear inspectors. Now, the foreign minis=
try is saying that any relationship with the atomic energy agency will be =
=E2=80=9Cin line with resolutions passed by Parliament and decisions of the=
 Supreme National Security Council.=E2=80=9D Translation? We didn=E2=80=99t=
 commit to what you say we committed to. And until Parliament says otherwis=
e, the inspectors won=E2=80=99t be let back in.</span></p><p style=3D"margi=
n:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px">But the m=
ost insulting recent reproach of the president came three days ago from a f=
ormer ally and former fan, in fact the only European leader to come to Trum=
p=E2=80=99s inauguration in 2025: Italy=E2=80=99s prime minister Giorgia Me=
loni.</p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px=
;font-size:16px">Still piqued that Meloni wouldn=E2=80=99t allow American m=
ilitary bases in Italy to serve as staging areas to support his war with Ir=
an, our petty president claimed in an interview with an Italian TV station =
during the G7 summit, =E2=80=9CShe begged me to take a picture with her. Sh=
e wanted a picture with me so badly. I wouldn=E2=80=99t have taken it, but =
I felt sorry for her.=E2=80=9D</p><div style=3D"font-size:16px;line-height:=
26px;margin:32px auto"><table width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0"=
 cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"text-align:center"></td><td alig=
n=3D"left" width=3D"558" style=3D"text-align:center"><a href=3D"https://sub=
stack.com/redirect/94ae6342-2144-46db-a030-4bb91b27690e?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMzkwYXo=
ifQ.63a58n3zMjmmr0mkOuevC7O6Kp_vfHJv1Esns2iQXZc" style=3D"padding:0;width:a=
uto;height:auto;border:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin:0" re=
l=3D"noreferrer noopener" target=3D"_blank"><img alt=3D"" src=3D"https://su=
bstackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!59UA!,w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_pr=
ogressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic=
%2Fimages%2F0837535d-802e-47a8-bc41-fa3a910e627f_558x518.png" style=3D"vert=
ical-align:middle;display:block;margin:0px auto;border-width:medium!importa=
nt;border-style:none!important;border-color:currentcolor!important;width:55=
0px;max-width:558px"></a></td><td style=3D"text-align:center"></td></tr></t=
body></table></div><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-h=
eight:26px;font-size:16px"></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,5=
5,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px">Except Meloni says that=E2=80=99s a =
total lie. In a video she posted on X, the prime minister said, =E2=80=9CDo=
nald Trump=E2=80=99s statements are completely made up. I am frankly astoni=
shed. I don=E2=80=99t know why the =E2=80=8Cpresident of the United States =
behaves like this towards his allies. It is not the first time, moreover.=
=E2=80=9D</p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:=
26px;font-size:16px">But she didn=E2=80=99t stop there. =E2=80=9CI can only=
 say it is disappointing that he does not show the same determination with =
the enemies of the West and of the United States, whose leaders he instead =
treats with far greater indulgence. There is one thing he should remember: =
neither I nor Italy ever beg.=E2=80=9D</p><div style=3D"font-size:16px;line=
-height:26px;margin:32px auto"><table width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspaci=
ng=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"text-align:center"></td>=
<td align=3D"left" width=3D"365" style=3D"text-align:center"><a href=3D"htt=
ps://substack.com/redirect/2976e7a9-65fe-4e89-85d4-d3bafc7b6102?j=3DeyJ1Ijo=
iMzkwYXoifQ.63a58n3zMjmmr0mkOuevC7O6Kp_vfHJv1Esns2iQXZc" style=3D"padding:0=
;width:auto;height:auto;border:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;marg=
in:0" rel=3D"noreferrer noopener" target=3D"_blank"><img alt=3D"" src=3D"ht=
tps://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rQHn!,w_365,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:goo=
d,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2=
Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83c90b3e-ce4b-4b97-8163-9a2e171cfd3d_365x734.png" style=
=3D"vertical-align:middle;display:block;margin:0px auto;border-width:medium=
!important;border-style:none!important;border-color:currentcolor!important;=
width:365px;max-width:365px"></a></td><td style=3D"text-align:center"></td>=
</tr></tbody></table></div><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55=
);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:=
rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px">She joins the ranks of other=
 leaders who finally have had their fill of Donald Trump. Spain=E2=80=99s p=
rime minister Pedro Sanchez refused to take part in the war, writing, =E2=
=80=9CThe Government of Spain will not applaud those who set the world on f=
ire just because they show up with a bucket.=E2=80=9D After Trump said he d=
idn=E2=80=99t need help from British troops in the Iran war because in Afgh=
anistan, =E2=80=9CThey stayed a little back, little off the front lines,=E2=
=80=9D the U.K.=E2=80=99s prime minister Keir Starmer called his comments =
=E2=80=9Cinsulting and frankly appalling.=E2=80=9D They also were wrong. Ge=
rmany=E2=80=99s chancellor was equally blunt about Trump=E2=80=99s failed e=
fforts in April to start peace talks: =E2=80=9CAn entire nation is being hu=
miliated by the Iranian leadership, especially by these so-called Revolutio=
nary Guards.=E2=80=9D</p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);=
line-height:26px;font-size:16px">But the political hero whose ranks Italy=
=E2=80=99s leader has now joined is Canadian prime minister Mark Carney. Wh=
en he spoke at the economic summit in Davos last January, Carney denounced =
Trump=E2=80=99s use of tariffs as weapons of extortion. The =E2=80=9Cmiddle=
 powers=E2=80=9D he said, =E2=80=9Cmust act together because if we=E2=80=99=
re not at the table, we=E2=80=99re on the menu.=E2=80=9D</p><div style=3D"f=
ont-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:32px auto"><table width=3D"100%" bord=
er=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"text-a=
lign:center"></td><td align=3D"left" width=3D"1456" style=3D"text-align:cen=
ter"><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/70c4626a-ba99-4f38-82be-3d236=
b78c1ea?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMzkwYXoifQ.63a58n3zMjmmr0mkOuevC7O6Kp_vfHJv1Esns2iQXZc"=
 style=3D"padding:0;width:auto;height:auto;border:none;text-decoration:none=
;display:block;margin:0" rel=3D"noreferrer noopener" target=3D"_blank"><img=
 alt=3D"" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4UNR!,w_1100,c_lim=
it,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-medi=
a.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f88a716-f11f-4d68-85c1-6bec5d56ae30=
_1722x965.png" style=3D"vertical-align:middle;display:block;margin:0px auto=
;border-width:medium!important;border-style:none!important;border-color:cur=
rentcolor!important;width:550px;max-width:800px"></a></td><td style=3D"text=
-align:center"></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px =
0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"></p><p style=3D"marg=
in:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px">Today th=
ough, Giorgia Meloni deserves the praise. After Trump said she is doing =E2=
=80=9Cpoorly in Italy with her level of popularity,=E2=80=9D she wrote, =E2=
=80=9CPresident Trump, these constant, unprovoked attacks are senseless. As=
 for my popularity, being your friend certainly has not helped it, nor does=
 it depend on my relationship with you.=E2=80=9D She topped it off with, =
=E2=80=9CMy popularity is none of your concern. I suggest you focus on your=
s.=E2=80=9D</p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-heigh=
t:26px;font-size:16px;text-align:center;border-radius:4px"><span style=3D"c=
olor:#ffffff;text-decoration:none">Leave a comment</span></p><p style=3D"ma=
rgin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"></p><p=
 style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:=
16px">Madam Prime Minister, you go, girl.</p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;=
color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px">We won=E2=80=99t even =
mention the murky green algae and the peeling blue paint because of the bot=
ched job Trump did on the National Mall=E2=80=99s Reflecting Pool. It=E2=80=
=99s an embarrassing failure he can=E2=80=99t hide.</p><p style=3D"margin:0=
 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px">Donald Trump=
 is taking his knocks.</p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55)=
;line-height:26px;font-size:16px">It is high time.</p><p style=3D"margin:0 =
0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px;text-align:cen=
ter;border-radius:4px"><span style=3D"color:#ffffff;text-decoration:none">S=
hare</span></p><div style=3D"font-size:16px;line-height:26px"><div style=3D=
"font-size:16px;direction:ltr!important;font-weight:400;text-decoration:non=
e;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;=
,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,&#39;Apple Color Emoji&#39;,&#39;Segoe U=
I Emoji&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI Symbol&#39;;color:#363737;line-height:1.5;max-wi=
dth:560px;margin:24px auto;display:block;text-align:center;padding:0px 32px=
"><div style=3D"margin-top:16px;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMa=
cSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Se=
goe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol;font-size:18px;max-width:384px;line-height:22p=
x;text-align:center;font-weight:400;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><p =
style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:1=
6px"><br></p></div></div></div></div></div><table width=3D"100%" border=3D"=
0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D"border-top-width:1px;border=
-top-style:solid;border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-style:solid;min-widt=
h:100%"><tbody><tr height=3D"16"><td height=3D"16" style=3D"font-size:0px;l=
ine-height:0"></td></tr><tr><td><br></td></tr><tr height=3D"16"><td height=
=3D"16" style=3D"font-size:0px;line-height:0"></td></tr><tr><td><table widt=
h=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td>=
<br></td><td align=3D"right"><table width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=
=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody>=
</table></td></tr><tr height=3D"16"><td height=3D"16" style=3D"font-size:0p=
x;line-height:0">=C2=A0</td></tr></tbody></table><div style=3D"color:rgb(11=
9,119,119);text-align:center;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;padding:24px0"=
><div style=3D"font-size:16px;line-height:26px;padding-bottom:24px"><p styl=
e=3D"list-style:none;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont=
,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoj=
i,Segoe UI Symbol;padding-bottom:0px;font-size:12px;line-height:16px;margin=
:0px;color:rgb(119,119,119);text-decoration-color:unset">=C2=A9 2026 <span>=
Greg Dobbs</span></p></div></div></div></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><=
/div></div>
            </div>
        </div></div></div></div>

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Subject: [Salon] With Win in Washington,
 Socialists Have Momentum in Urban America
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With Win in Washington, Socialists Have Momentum in Urban America

Democratic socialists, harnessing generational frustration over
affordability, lead New York and Seattle and are knocking on the door in
Los Angeles and Washington.
Listen =C2=B7 7:36 min

   - Share full article
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[image: Janeese Lewis George, surrounded by placard-waving supporters,
stands behind a lectern.]
=E2=80=9CI don=E2=80=99t buy that the status quo is all we can do,=E2=80=9D=
 Janeese Lewis George, a
City Council member in Washington, D.C., said voters told her ahead of her
victory in the mayoral primary.Credit...Jose Luis Magana/Associated Press

By Campbell Robertson <https://www.nytimes.com/by/campbell-robertson>Jill
Cowan <https://www.nytimes.com/by/jill-cowan> and Anna Griffin
<https://www.nytimes.com/by/anna-griffin>
June 22, 2026The New York Times
<https://www.google.com/preferences/source?cs=3D0&hl=3Den&q=3Dnytimes.com>

The biggest city in the country is led by a democratic socialist, and
another is in the running to lead the second biggest. Seattle has a
socialist mayor. And in 2027, a democratic socialist will almost certainly
be taking the reins of the nation=E2=80=99s capital.

With her convincing victory in the Democratic primary
<https://www.nytimes.com/2026/06/18/us/elections/washington-mayoral-primary=
.html?eafs_enabled=3Dfalse>
in
Washington last week, Janeese Lewis George, 38, became the latest candidate
to claim victory with the once-forbidden =E2=80=9CS word=E2=80=9D in her bi=
ography and an
ambitious left-wing agenda, promising to harness the power of municipal
government to tackle the costs and challenges of urban living.

Tapping into frustrations about housing
<https://wtop.com/business-finance/2023/04/dcs-cost-of-living-is-53-more-th=
an-average-but-housing-takes-the-cake/>
 and the cost of raising children
<https://www.axios.com/local/washington-dc/2025/05/28/d-c-parents-pay-most-=
for-daycare-in-u-s>,
Ms. Lewis George pledged to greatly expand child care assistance
<https://janeesefordc.com/platform/childcare-for-all/>, build tens of
thousands more homes <https://janeesefordc.com/platform/homes-for-all/> and
expand rent stabilization. Her critics derided those promises as
unrealistic; voters ate them up.

=E2=80=9CI think people were like, =E2=80=98I don=E2=80=99t buy that the st=
atus quo is all we can
do,=E2=80=99=E2=80=9D Ms. Lewis George, a member of the D.C. Council, said =
in an interview.
Instead, she said, they thought, =E2=80=9C=E2=80=98I want to see leaders do=
 something more
than tell people what they can=E2=80=99t do.=E2=80=99=E2=80=9D

Ms. Lewis George, who in a city as blue as Washington is close to a lock in
the general election, joins a vanguard of young democratic socialists,
including the new mayors of New York City and Seattle. Some are formal
members of the organized Democratic Socialists of America, some not, but
all have won on platforms of robust government action, arguing that the
older Democratic establishment has failed.

Democratic socialists say that solutions to challenges like the rising
costs of child care and housing lie in community organizing and direct
government action, not the free market or timeworn tax incentives. While
they cast themselves more in the mold of a mayor from Stockholm than
Leningrad, they do not shy from confrontation with business interests,
whether that means private utilities or landlords, oligarchs or plutocrats.

Not everyone running from the left in big blue cities has won, as losers of
the most recent mayoral races in San Francisco and Philadelphia can attest.

But socialist success indicates an ascendant left =E2=80=94 a generational =
movement
as much as a political one =E2=80=94 might have considerably more room to r=
un
<https://www.nytimes.com/2026/06/20/nyregion/dsa-mamdani-congress-nyc.html?=
eafs_enabled=3Dfalse>
.

=E2=80=9CWe=E2=80=99re seeing real opportunities open up here,=E2=80=9D sai=
d Kurtis Hagans,
chairman of the D.S.A. chapter in the Washington metro area. =E2=80=9CIt=E2=
=80=99ll be
interesting to see how the Democratic establishment wants to move forward
into the midterms.=E2=80=9D
Editors=E2=80=99 Picks
The Ageless and Undefeated Champs of Tulsa=E2=80=99s Wii Bowling League
<https://www.nytimes.com/2026/06/19/us/wii-bowling-uv-okies-tulsa.html>
A New-Build in Brooklyn Filled With Light and Tons of Books
<https://www.nytimes.com/2026/06/22/realestate/parks-slope-library-house-re=
novation.html>
The Brilliant, Unruly New Novel Our Reviewer Admires and Fears
<https://www.nytimes.com/2026/06/23/books/review/nebraska-monica-datta.html=
>

Zohran Mamdani, 34, who twice beat Andrew Cuomo, the former New York
governor, in his unlikely rise to the New York City mayor=E2=80=99s office,=
 is in
many ways the lodestar for the rising brigade of democratic socialist
candidates. He unapologetically pledged in his inauguration speech to
=E2=80=9Creplace the frigidity of rugged individualism with the warmth of
collectivism.=E2=80=9D

He has since moderated positions in deference to the political realities of
governing a city of 8 million. He retained Jessica Tisch, a relatively
moderate billionaire heiress, as police commissioner and ceded significant
policy control to her. He has backed away from his vow to give up
unilateral control of the school system, and from his pledge to expand an
expensive housing subsidy program.
Image
[image: New York Mayor Zohran Mamdani stands smiling behind a lectern
festooned with the words =E2=80=9C100 Day Address.=E2=80=9D]
=E2=80=9CWith what we=E2=80=99ve accomplished in 14 weeks, imagine what we =
can do together
in four years,=E2=80=9D Mayor Zohran Mamdani of New York City said during a=
n
address that commemorated his first 100 days in office in
April.Credit...Angelina
Katsanis for The New York Times
Image
[image: A man in a goatee holds a sign saying, =E2=80=9CTackle corruption, =
waste,=E2=80=9D
with a throng behind him.]
Supporters of Mr. Mamdani at a rally in the Knockdown Center in Queens in
April.Credit...Angelina Katsanis for The New York Times

He has developed a strong working partnership with New York=E2=80=99s gover=
nor,
Kathy Hochul, a relative moderate in the Democratic Party, and he has
struck up a surprisingly amiable relationship with President Trump, despite
once characterizing him as a despot. =E2=80=9CSewer socialism,=E2=80=9D
<https://www.nytimes.com/2026/04/11/nyregion/mamdani-sewer-socialism.html?e=
afs_enabled=3Dfalse>
with
images of an army of volunteers shoveling snow or squads of pothole
fillers, has become as much a Mamdani calling card as his campaign promise
of free buses.

The act of governing is the big test for a movement propelled by idealism
and bold promises, along with a disenchantment with the compromises that
its followers believe are too often made by those in power.

But fiscal constraints on municipal government can be strict, particularly
in Washington, a federal enclave subject to extensive congressional
oversight. And at a time when Washington=E2=80=99s finances are suffering
<https://ora-cfo.dc.gov/sites/default/files/public/Revenue%20Estimate%20Let=
ter_FINAL-FEB%202026_02%2027%202026.pdf>
from
the impacts of federal job cuts as well as a lingering pandemic downturn,
the city has had a hard enough time paying for the social programs already
in place.

=E2=80=9CEspecially at the local level, governing is a practical affair,=E2=
=80=9D said Mary
Cheh, a former council member who endorsed Ms. Lewis George=E2=80=99s main =
rival in
the primary but acknowledged the appeal of her message.

=E2=80=9CThere will be some change, I=E2=80=99m sure,=E2=80=9D she said. =
=E2=80=9CBut it=E2=80=99s not going to be
all that they hoped for.=E2=80=9D

The limits of idealism have inevitably led to compromise and, at times,
friction.

In Los Angeles, Nithya Raman, 44, a City Council member and a democratic
socialist, is in a runoff against Karen Bass, the Democratic mayor who is
running for re-election. Ms. Raman=E2=80=99s ascent in 2020 coincided with =
the
Black Lives Matter protests that rippled through big cities across the
country.

Support for Ms. Raman in her first race that year, against an incumbent on
the City Council, became a kind of social shorthand for progressive
politics at a moment when flying a Black Lives Matter flag outside of a
home was de rigeur among Los Angeles=E2=80=99s wealthy liberals.

But in recent years, Ms. Raman, as a council member, has broken with the
D.S.A. on some issues, including how to alleviate Los Angeles=E2=80=99s cru=
shing
housing crisis. While she and her D.S.A.-aligned colleagues have both
sought protections for poor tenants, Ms. Raman has also backed more
development-friendly housing policies.

Up the coast in Seattle, Katie Wilson, a self-identified socialist but not
a D.S.A. member, has largely avoided the ideological battles many had
expected after her upset victory in November.

Tension between Ms. Wilson and a Seattle City Council that is more moderate
has so far led to negotiations rather than conflict, as when she agreed to
turn on newly installed security cameras in the city=E2=80=99s stadium dist=
rict
during the World Cup, despite her initial opposition.

Like many of her fellow politicians of the left, Ms. Wilson has made
housing a priority. She promised to open 500 new shelter beds or emergency
housing units by the start of the World Cup but appears to have fallen
short by more than 400. She has pledged to build 1,000 new units by the end
of her first year and 4,000 by the end of her four-year term, a tall order.

=E2=80=9CI certainly have a learning curve, but I don=E2=80=99t want to por=
tray myself as
coming in with some kind of unrealistic idea that this would be easy,=E2=80=
=9D she
said in an interview last month. =E2=80=9CThere=E2=80=99s the way things ha=
ve been done for
a very long time, and it takes a very long time to change that. I=E2=80=99m=
 not
surprised at where we=E2=80=99re at.=E2=80=9D

But at a time when voters across the political spectrum feel like
government has stopped working for them, the promises of a robust and
responsive public sector have clearly resonated among voters, regardless of
the fiscal or partisan realities.

=E2=80=9CWhen people see you deliver on the small things,=E2=80=9D Ms. Lewi=
s George said,
=E2=80=9Cthey trust that you can also deliver on the big things.=E2=80=9D

Campbell Robertson <https://www.nytimes.com/by/campbell-robertson> reports
for The Times on Delaware, the District of Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland,
Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia.

Jill Cowan <https://www.nytimes.com/by/jill-cowan> is a Times reporter
based in Los Angeles, covering the forces shaping life in Southern
California and throughout the state.

Anna Griffin <https://www.nytimes.com/by/anna-griffin> is the Pacific
Northwest bureau chief for The Times, leading coverage of Washington,
Idaho, Alaska, Montana and Oregon.

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olid 1.6px"><span style=3D"outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><img alt=3D"Jan=
eese Lewis George, surrounded by placard-waving supporters, stands behind a=
 lectern." class=3D"gmail-css-rq4mmj" width=3D"600" height=3D"400" src=3D"h=
ttps://static01.nyt.com/images/2026/06/22/multimedia/22nat-democratic-socia=
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75&amp;auto=3Dwebp&amp;disable=3Dupscale" style=3D"text-size-adjust: 100%; =
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al-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 7px 0px 0px;padding:0px;outline:tra=
nsparent solid 1.6px">=E2=80=9CI don=E2=80=99t buy that the status quo is a=
ll we can do,=E2=80=9D Janeese Lewis George, a City Council member in Washi=
ngton, D.C., said voters told her ahead of her victory in the mayoral prima=
ry.</span><span class=3D"gmail-css-iwa86d ecmr7cu0" style=3D"font-style:inh=
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" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;paddi=
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0px;color:inherit;text-decoration:underline 1px rgb(114,114,114);outline:tr=
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=3D"https://www.nytimes.com/by/jill-cowan" class=3D"gmail-css-ojhyzr e5uya0=
i0" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;pad=
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ont:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em 0=
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t:inherit;background-color:rgb(248,248,248);text-align:center;vertical-alig=
n:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:inherit;text-decoration:=
none;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;display:inline!important"><span class=
=3D"gmail-gps-cta" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-we=
ight:700;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:16.9px;font-s=
ize-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;verti=
cal-align:baseline;border-width:0.8px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(2=
23,223,223);margin:6px 0px 0px;padding:0.375rem 1.125rem;outline:transparen=
t solid 1.6px;display:inline-block;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);border=
-radius:2rem"><span class=3D"gmail-gps-en" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-a=
lign:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1=
.6px">The New York Times=C2=A0</span></span></a></span></div><div class=3D"=
gmail-css-vup0ua" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;=
margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;overflow:visible;opa=
city:0"><div class=3D"gmail-css-vxcmzt" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-alig=
n:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;display:inline-flex;outline:tr=
ansparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-79elbk" style=3D"font:inheri=
t;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transpa=
rent solid 1.6px"><button type=3D"button" aria-label=3D"More sharing option=
s ..." aria-expanded=3D"false" class=3D"gmail-css-120h94" style=3D"color:rg=
b(0,0,0);font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;margin:0px;fon=
t-size:16px;vertical-align:middle;border-width:0.8px;border-style:solid;bor=
der-color:rgb(223,223,223);padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;bord=
er-radius:50%;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);display:block"></button></d=
iv></div></div><div class=3D"gmail-css-s99gbd gmail-StoryBodyCompanionColum=
n" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px auto=
 1rem;padding:0px;display:flex;height:615px;width:1200px;outline:transparen=
t solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-53u6y8" style=3D"font:inherit;vertic=
al-align:baseline;border:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:=
0px;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:600px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px=
"><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font=
-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem=
;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roma=
n&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feat=
ure-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.93=
75rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6p=
x">The biggest city in the country is led by a democratic socialist, and an=
other is in the running to lead the second biggest. Seattle has a socialist=
 mayor. And in 2027, a democratic socialist will almost certainly be taking=
 the reins of the nation=E2=80=99s capital.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4=
z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:i=
nherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-fam=
ily:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-=
adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-=
align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;=
max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">With her=C2=A0<a class=3D"g=
mail-css-yywogo" href=3D"https://www.nytimes.com/2026/06/18/us/elections/wa=
shington-mayoral-primary.html?eafs_enabled=3Dfalse" title=3D"" style=3D"fon=
t:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:r=
gb(50,104,145);text-decoration:underline 1px rgb(50,104,145);outline:transp=
arent solid 1.6px">convincing victory in the Democratic primary</a>=C2=A0in=
 Washington last week, Janeese Lewis George, 38, became the latest candidat=
e to claim victory with the once-forbidden =E2=80=9CS word=E2=80=9D in her =
biography and an ambitious left-wing agenda, promising to harness the power=
 of municipal government to tackle the costs and challenges of urban living=
.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;f=
ont-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25=
rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new r=
oman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-f=
eature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0=
.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1=
.6px">Tapping into frustrations about=C2=A0<a class=3D"gmail-css-yywogo" hr=
ef=3D"https://wtop.com/business-finance/2023/04/dcs-cost-of-living-is-53-mo=
re-than-average-but-housing-takes-the-cake/" title=3D"" rel=3D"noopener nor=
eferrer" target=3D"_blank" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;bo=
rder:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(50,104,145);text-decoration:under=
line 1px rgb(50,104,145);outline:transparent solid 1.6px">housing</a>=C2=A0=
and=C2=A0<a class=3D"gmail-css-yywogo" href=3D"https://www.axios.com/local/=
washington-dc/2025/05/28/d-c-parents-pay-most-for-daycare-in-u-s" title=3D"=
" rel=3D"noopener noreferrer" target=3D"_blank" style=3D"font:inherit;verti=
cal-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(50,104,145);=
text-decoration:underline 1px rgb(50,104,145);outline:transparent solid 1.6=
px">the cost of raising children</a>, Ms. Lewis George pledged to greatly=
=C2=A0<a class=3D"gmail-css-yywogo" href=3D"https://janeesefordc.com/platfo=
rm/childcare-for-all/" title=3D"" rel=3D"noopener noreferrer" target=3D"_bl=
ank" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;pa=
dding:0px;color:rgb(50,104,145);text-decoration:underline 1px rgb(50,104,14=
5);outline:transparent solid 1.6px">expand child care assistance</a>, build=
=C2=A0<a class=3D"gmail-css-yywogo" href=3D"https://janeesefordc.com/platfo=
rm/homes-for-all/" title=3D"" rel=3D"noopener noreferrer" target=3D"_blank"=
 style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;paddin=
g:0px;color:rgb(50,104,145);text-decoration:underline 1px rgb(50,104,145);o=
utline:transparent solid 1.6px">tens of thousands more homes</a>=C2=A0and e=
xpand rent stabilization. Her critics derided those promises as unrealistic=
; voters ate them up.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"=
font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:in=
herit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georg=
ia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-ke=
rning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:=
0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent s=
olid 1.6px">=E2=80=9CI think people were like, =E2=80=98I don=E2=80=99t buy=
 that the status quo is all we can do,=E2=80=99=E2=80=9D Ms. Lewis George, =
a member of the D.C. Council, said in an interview. Instead, she said, they=
 thought, =E2=80=9C=E2=80=98I want to see leaders do something more than te=
ll people what they can=E2=80=99t do.=E2=80=99=E2=80=9D</p></div></div><div=
 style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;paddin=
g:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-8atqhb" styl=
e=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px=
;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;width:2032.8px"></div></div><div class=3D"=
gmail-css-s99gbd gmail-StoryBodyCompanionColumn" style=3D"font:inherit;vert=
ical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px auto 1rem;padding:0px;display:fle=
x;height:780px;width:1200px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"=
gmail-css-53u6y8" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;=
margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;width:600px;m=
ax-width:600px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip=
4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:=
inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-fa=
mily:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size=
-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical=
-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px=
;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">Ms. Lewis George, who in a=
 city as blue as Washington is close to a lock in the general election, joi=
ns a vanguard of young democratic socialists, including the new mayors of N=
ew York City and Seattle. Some are formal members of the organized Democrat=
ic Socialists of America, some not, but all have won on platforms of robust=
 government action, arguing that the older Democratic establishment has fai=
led.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inheri=
t;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1=
.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times ne=
w roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;fon=
t-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0p=
x 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent soli=
d 1.6px">Democratic socialists say that solutions to challenges like the ri=
sing costs of child care and housing lie in community organizing and direct=
 government action, not the free market or timeworn tax incentives. While t=
hey cast themselves more in the mold of a mayor from Stockholm than Leningr=
ad, they do not shy from confrontation with business interests, whether tha=
t means private utilities or landlords, oligarchs or plutocrats.</p><p clas=
s=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:=
inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-hei=
ght:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,t=
imes,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-setti=
ngs:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;pad=
ding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">Not ev=
eryone running from the left in big blue cities has won, as losers of the m=
ost recent mayoral races in San Francisco and Philadelphia can attest.</p><=
p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-va=
riant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;li=
ne-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&q=
uot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature=
-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375r=
em;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">=
But socialist success indicates an ascendant left =E2=80=94 a generational =
movement as much as a political one =E2=80=94=C2=A0<a class=3D"gmail-css-yy=
wogo" href=3D"https://www.nytimes.com/2026/06/20/nyregion/dsa-mamdani-congr=
ess-nyc.html?eafs_enabled=3Dfalse" title=3D"" style=3D"font:inherit;vertica=
l-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(50,104,145);te=
xt-decoration:underline 1px rgb(50,104,145);outline:transparent solid 1.6px=
">might have considerably more room to run</a>.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-14=
0ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weig=
ht:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font=
-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-s=
ize-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;verti=
cal-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:=
100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">=E2=80=9CWe=E2=80=99re seeing real op=
portunities open up here,=E2=80=9D said Kurtis Hagans, chairman of the D.S.=
A. chapter in the Washington metro area. =E2=80=9CIt=E2=80=99ll be interest=
ing to see how the Democratic establishment wants to move forward into the =
midterms.=E2=80=9D</p></div><div id=3D"gmail-c-col-editors-picks" class=3D"=
gmail-css-lze5f4" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;=
margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;width:210px;max-widt=
h:210px"><h2 class=3D"gmail-css-151seha" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-v=
ariant:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:14px;line-height:14px;font-fa=
mily:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-=
kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;borde=
r-width:0px 0px 1px;border-style:none none solid;border-color:currentcolor =
currentcolor rgb(226,226,226);margin:0px 0px 15px;padding:0px 0px 12px;outl=
ine:transparent solid 1.6px;color:rgb(18,18,18);letter-spacing:0.02em">Edit=
ors=E2=80=99 Picks</h2><a class=3D"gmail-css-1sj6bre" href=3D"https://www.n=
ytimes.com/2026/06/19/us/wii-bowling-uv-okies-tulsa.html" style=3D"font:inh=
erit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,=
0,0);text-decoration:none;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;height:77.4px;dis=
play:flex"><div class=3D"gmail-css-1rcvpgy" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-=
align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid =
1.6px;width:75px"><img alt=3D"" src=3D"https://static01.nyt.com/images/2026=
/06/15/multimedia/00xp-okies-06-promo/00xp-okies-06-pfkj-thumbLarge.jpg" st=
yle=3D"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; bor=
der-width: medium; border-style: none; border-color: currentcolor; border-i=
mage: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; height: auto; ou=
tline: transparent solid 1.6px; outline-offset: 0.125rem;"></div><h3 class=
=3D"gmail-css-15zy5qw" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;fon=
t-weight:500;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:14px;line-height:17px;font-fami=
ly:nyt-cheltenham-small,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;;font-size-adjus=
t:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align=
:baseline;border-width:0px 0px medium;border-style:none;border-color:curren=
tcolor;margin:auto 0px auto 10px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6p=
x;color:rgb(18,18,18)">The Ageless and Undefeated Champs of Tulsa=E2=80=99s=
 Wii Bowling League</h3></a><a class=3D"gmail-css-1sj6bre" href=3D"https://=
www.nytimes.com/2026/06/22/realestate/parks-slope-library-house-renovation.=
html" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;p=
adding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);text-decoration:none;outline:transparent solid =
1.6px;height:77.4px;display:flex"><div class=3D"gmail-css-1rcvpgy" style=3D=
"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;out=
line:transparent solid 1.6px;width:75px"><img alt=3D"" src=3D"https://stati=
c01.nyt.com/images/2026/06/22/multimedia/22re-location-libraryhouse-06-fzgb=
/22re-location-libraryhouse-06-fzgb-thumbLarge.jpg" style=3D"text-size-adju=
st: 100%; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; border-width: medium; bo=
rder-style: none; border-color: currentcolor; border-image: initial; margin=
: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; height: auto; outline: transparent so=
lid 1.6px; outline-offset: 0.125rem;"></div><h3 class=3D"gmail-css-15zy5qw"=
 style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:500;font-stre=
tch:inherit;font-size:14px;line-height:17px;font-family:nyt-cheltenham-smal=
l,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning=
:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-width=
:0px 0px medium;border-style:none;border-color:currentcolor;margin:auto 0px=
 auto 10px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;color:rgb(18,18,18)"=
>A New-Build in Brooklyn Filled With Light and Tons of Books</h3></a><a cla=
ss=3D"gmail-css-1sj6bre" href=3D"https://www.nytimes.com/2026/06/23/books/r=
eview/nebraska-monica-datta.html" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:base=
line;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);text-decoration:non=
e;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;height:77.4px;display:flex"><div class=3D=
"gmail-css-1rcvpgy" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0p=
x;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;width:75px"><img a=
lt=3D"" src=3D"https://static01.nyt.com/images/2026/06/23/books/23TBR-Datta=
-Review/23TBR-Datta-Review-thumbLarge.jpg" style=3D"text-size-adjust: 100%;=
 font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; border-width: medium; border-styl=
e: none; border-color: currentcolor; border-image: initial; margin: 0px; pa=
dding: 0px; max-width: 100%; height: auto; outline: transparent solid 1.6px=
; outline-offset: 0.125rem;"></div><h3 class=3D"gmail-css-15zy5qw" style=3D=
"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:500;font-stretch:inher=
it;font-size:14px;line-height:17px;font-family:nyt-cheltenham-small,georgia=
,&quot;times new roman&quot;;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;=
font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-width:0px 0px =
medium;border-style:none;border-color:currentcolor;margin:auto 0px auto 10p=
x;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;color:rgb(18,18,18)">The Bril=
liant, Unruly New Novel Our Reviewer Admires and Fears</h3></a></div></div>=
<div style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;pa=
dding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-8atqhb" =
style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding=
:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;width:2032.8px"></div></div><div class=
=3D"gmail-css-s99gbd gmail-StoryBodyCompanionColumn" style=3D"font:inherit;=
vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px auto 1rem;padding:0px;display=
:flex;height:375px;width:1200px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=
=3D"gmail-css-53u6y8" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:=
0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;width:600=
px;max-width:600px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><p class=3D"gmail-css-1=
40ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-wei=
ght:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;fon=
t-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-=
size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vert=
ical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:6=
00px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">Zohran Mamdani, 34, wh=
o twice beat Andrew Cuomo, the former New York governor, in his unlikely ri=
se to the New York City mayor=E2=80=99s office, is in many ways the lodesta=
r for the rising brigade of democratic socialist candidates. He unapologeti=
cally pledged in his inauguration speech to =E2=80=9Creplace the frigidity =
of rugged individualism with the warmth of collectivism.=E2=80=9D</p><p cla=
ss=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant=
:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-he=
ight:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,=
times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-sett=
ings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;widt=
h:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">He has since modera=
ted positions in deference to the political realities of governing a city o=
f 8 million. He retained Jessica Tisch, a relatively moderate billionaire h=
eiress, as police commissioner and ceded significant policy control to her.=
 He has backed away from his vow to give up unilateral control of the schoo=
l system, and from his pledge to expand an expensive housing subsidy progra=
m.</p></div></div><div style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border=
:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div style=3D"=
font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outl=
ine:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-1xdhyk6 e1acqrl40" sty=
le=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0p=
x;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><span class=3D"gmail-iqSOia_accessibilit=
yLabel" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;padding:0p=
x;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden">Ima=
ge</span><div class=3D"gmail-css-1pq3dr9" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-al=
ign:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.=
6px;width:1200px;background-color:rgb(235,235,235)"><div style=3D"font:inhe=
rit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:trans=
parent solid 1.6px;height:auto"><span class=3D"gmail-css-1j5kxti" style=3D"=
outline:transparent solid 1.6px;opacity:1;display:block;width:1200px"><img =
alt=3D"New York Mayor Zohran Mamdani stands smiling behind a lectern festoo=
ned with the words =E2=80=9C100 Day Address.=E2=80=9D" class=3D"gmail-css-1=
m50asq" src=3D"https://static01.nyt.com/images/2026/06/22/multimedia/22nat-=
democratic-socialists-2a-hkbg/22nat-democratic-socialists-2a-hkbg-articleLa=
rge.jpg?quality=3D75&amp;auto=3Dwebp&amp;disable=3Dupscale" style=3D"text-s=
ize-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; vertical-align: top; border: 0px; margin: =
0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; height: auto; outline: transparent soli=
d 1.6px; outline-offset: 0.125rem; width: 1200px;"></span></div></div></div=
><span class=3D"gmail-css-1n49vpa e3zar750" style=3D"font-style:inherit;fon=
t-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:0.9375=
rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-=
feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 7px =
0px 0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">=E2=80=9CWith what we=
=E2=80=99ve accomplished in 14 weeks, imagine what we can do together in fo=
ur years,=E2=80=9D Mayor Zohran Mamdani of New York City said during an add=
ress that commemorated his first 100 days in office in April.</span><span c=
lass=3D"gmail-css-iwa86d ecmr7cu0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant=
:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:0.8125rem;line-=
height:1.0625rem;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-s=
ize-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;verti=
cal-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;display:inline;outline=
:transparent solid 1.6px"><span class=3D"gmail-iqSOia_accessibilityLabel" s=
tyle=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;padding:0px;outline=
:transparent solid 1.6px;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden">Credit...</s=
pan><span style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0=
px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><span aria-hidden=3D"false"=
 style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;paddin=
g:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">Angelina Katsanis for The New York T=
imes</span></span></span></div></div><div style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-al=
ign:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.=
6px"><div style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0=
px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-1xd=
hyk6 e1acqrl40" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;ma=
rgin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><span class=3D"gmail-=
iqSOia_accessibilityLabel" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;bo=
rder:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;width:1px;height:1px;o=
verflow:hidden">Image</span><div class=3D"gmail-css-1pq3dr9" style=3D"font:=
inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:t=
ransparent solid 1.6px;width:1200px;background-color:rgb(235,235,235)"><div=
 style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;paddin=
g:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;height:auto"><span class=3D"gmail-css=
-1j5kxti" style=3D"outline:transparent solid 1.6px;opacity:1;display:block;=
width:1200px"><img alt=3D"A man in a goatee holds a sign saying, =E2=80=9CT=
ackle corruption, waste,=E2=80=9D with a throng behind him." class=3D"gmail=
-css-1m50asq" src=3D"https://static01.nyt.com/images/2026/06/22/multimedia/=
22nat-democratic-socialists-2b-hpqg/22nat-democratic-socialists-2b-hpqg-art=
icleLarge.jpg?quality=3D75&amp;auto=3Dwebp&amp;disable=3Dupscale" style=3D"=
text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; vertical-align: top; border: 0px; ma=
rgin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; height: auto; outline: transparen=
t solid 1.6px; outline-offset: 0.125rem; width: 1200px;"></span></div></div=
></div><span class=3D"gmail-css-1n49vpa e3zar750" style=3D"font-style:inher=
it;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:=
0.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit=
;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0p=
x 7px 0px 0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">Supporters of Mr=
. Mamdani at a rally in the Knockdown Center in Queens in April.</span><spa=
n class=3D"gmail-css-iwa86d ecmr7cu0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-vari=
ant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:0.8125rem;li=
ne-height:1.0625rem;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;fon=
t-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;ve=
rtical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;display:inline;outl=
ine:transparent solid 1.6px"><span class=3D"gmail-iqSOia_accessibilityLabel=
" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;padding:0px;outl=
ine:transparent solid 1.6px;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden">Credit...=
</span><span style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margi=
n:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><span aria-hidden=3D"fal=
se" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;pad=
ding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">Angelina Katsanis for The New Yor=
k Times</span></span></span></div></div><div class=3D"gmail-css-s99gbd gmai=
l-StoryBodyCompanionColumn" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;b=
order:0px;margin:0px auto 1rem;padding:0px;display:flex;height:210px;width:=
1200px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-53u6y8" sty=
le=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin-top:0px;margin=
-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:600px;outlin=
e:transparent solid 1.6px"><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=
=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretc=
h:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,g=
eorgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;fon=
t-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;bor=
der:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transpare=
nt solid 1.6px">He has developed a strong working partnership with New York=
=E2=80=99s governor, Kathy Hochul, a relative moderate in the Democratic Pa=
rty, and he has struck up a surprisingly amiable relationship with Presiden=
t Trump, despite once characterizing him as a despot.=C2=A0<a class=3D"gmai=
l-css-yywogo" href=3D"https://www.nytimes.com/2026/04/11/nyregion/mamdani-s=
ewer-socialism.html?eafs_enabled=3Dfalse" title=3D"" style=3D"font:inherit;=
vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(50,104,=
145);text-decoration:underline 1px rgb(50,104,145);outline:transparent soli=
d 1.6px">=E2=80=9CSewer socialism,=E2=80=9D</a>=C2=A0with images of an army=
 of volunteers shoveling snow or squads of pothole fillers, has become as m=
uch a Mamdani calling card as his campaign promise of free buses.</p></div>=
</div><div style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:=
0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-8a=
tqhb" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;p=
adding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;width:2032.8px"></div></div><div=
 class=3D"gmail-css-s99gbd gmail-StoryBodyCompanionColumn" style=3D"font:in=
herit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px auto 1rem;padding:0px;d=
isplay:flex;height:765px;width:1200px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div=
 class=3D"gmail-css-53u6y8" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;b=
order:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;wid=
th:600px;max-width:600px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><p class=3D"gmail=
-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;fo=
nt-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875r=
em;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif=
;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inheri=
t;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;w=
idth:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">The act of gover=
ning is the big test for a movement propelled by idealism and bold promises=
, along with a disenchantment with the compromises that its followers belie=
ve are too often made by those in power.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e=
1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inhe=
rit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family=
:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adj=
ust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-ali=
gn:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max=
-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">But fiscal constraints on muni=
cipal government can be strict, particularly in Washington, a federal encla=
ve subject to extensive congressional oversight. And at a time when=C2=A0<a=
 class=3D"gmail-css-yywogo" href=3D"https://ora-cfo.dc.gov/sites/default/fi=
les/public/Revenue%20Estimate%20Letter_FINAL-FEB%202026_02%2027%202026.pdf"=
 title=3D"" rel=3D"noopener noreferrer" target=3D"_blank" style=3D"font:inh=
erit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(50=
,104,145);text-decoration:underline 1px rgb(50,104,145);outline:transparent=
 solid 1.6px">Washington=E2=80=99s finances are suffering</a>=C2=A0from the=
 impacts of federal job cuts as well as a lingering pandemic downturn, the =
city has had a hard enough time paying for the social programs already in p=
lace.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inher=
it;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:=
1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times n=
ew roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;fo=
nt-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0=
px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent sol=
id 1.6px">=E2=80=9CEspecially at the local level, governing is a practical =
affair,=E2=80=9D said Mary Cheh, a former council member who endorsed Ms. L=
ewis George=E2=80=99s main rival in the primary but acknowledged the appeal=
 of her message.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-=
style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit=
;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&q=
uot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning=
:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;m=
argin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:tran=
sparent solid 1.6px">=E2=80=9CThere will be some change, I=E2=80=99m sure,=
=E2=80=9D she said. =E2=80=9CBut it=E2=80=99s not going to be all that they=
 hoped for.=E2=80=9D</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"f=
ont-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inh=
erit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgi=
a,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-ker=
ning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0=
px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:=
transparent solid 1.6px">The limits of idealism have inevitably led to comp=
romise and, at times, friction.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0"=
 style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-=
stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-impe=
rial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inher=
it;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseli=
ne;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:tra=
nsparent solid 1.6px">In Los Angeles, Nithya Raman, 44, a City Council memb=
er and a democratic socialist, is in a runoff against Karen Bass, the Democ=
ratic mayor who is running for re-election. Ms. Raman=E2=80=99s ascent in 2=
020 coincided with the Black Lives Matter protests that rippled through big=
 cities across the country.</p></div></div><div style=3D"font:inherit;verti=
cal-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent so=
lid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-8atqhb" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-a=
lign:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1=
.6px;width:2032.8px"></div></div><div class=3D"gmail-css-s99gbd gmail-Story=
BodyCompanionColumn" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0=
px;margin:0px auto 1rem;padding:0px;display:flex;height:810px;width:1200px;=
outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-53u6y8" style=3D"f=
ont:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:=
0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:600px;outline:trans=
parent solid 1.6px"><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-=
style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit=
;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&q=
uot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning=
:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;m=
argin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:tran=
sparent solid 1.6px">Support for Ms. Raman in her first race that year, aga=
inst an incumbent on the City Council, became a kind of social shorthand fo=
r progressive politics at a moment when flying a Black Lives Matter flag ou=
tside of a home was de rigeur among Los Angeles=E2=80=99s wealthy liberals.=
</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;fo=
nt-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25r=
em;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new ro=
man&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-fe=
ature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.=
9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.=
6px">But in recent years, Ms. Raman, as a council member, has broken with t=
he D.S.A. on some issues, including how to alleviate Los Angeles=E2=80=99s =
crushing housing crisis. While she and her D.S.A.-aligned colleagues have b=
oth sought protections for poor tenants, Ms. Raman has also backed more dev=
elopment-friendly housing policies.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5x=
ab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;f=
ont-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-=
imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:i=
nherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:ba=
seline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-widt=
h:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">Up the coast in Seattle, Katie Wils=
on, a self-identified socialist but not a D.S.A. member, has largely avoide=
d the ideological battles many had expected after her upset victory in Nove=
mber.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inher=
it;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:=
1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times n=
ew roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;fo=
nt-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0=
px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent sol=
id 1.6px">Tension between Ms. Wilson and a Seattle City Council that is mor=
e moderate has so far led to negotiations rather than conflict, as when she=
 agreed to turn on newly installed security cameras in the city=E2=80=99s s=
tadium district during the World Cup, despite her initial opposition.</p><p=
 class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-var=
iant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;lin=
e-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&qu=
ot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-=
settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;=
width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">Like many of he=
r fellow politicians of the left, Ms. Wilson has made housing a priority. S=
he promised to open 500 new shelter beds or emergency housing units by the =
start of the World Cup but appears to have fallen short by more than 400. S=
he has pledged to build 1,000 new units by the end of her first year and 4,=
000 by the end of her four-year term, a tall order.</p></div></div><div sty=
le=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0p=
x;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-8atqhb" style=3D=
"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;out=
line:transparent solid 1.6px;width:2032.8px"></div></div><div class=3D"gmai=
l-css-s99gbd gmail-StoryBodyCompanionColumn" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical=
-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px auto 1rem;padding:0px;display:flex;he=
ight:390px;width:1200px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmai=
l-css-53u6y8" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;marg=
in-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;width:600px;max-w=
idth:600px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e=
1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inhe=
rit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family=
:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adj=
ust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-ali=
gn:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max=
-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">=E2=80=9CI certainly have a le=
arning curve, but I don=E2=80=99t want to portray myself as coming in with =
some kind of unrealistic idea that this would be easy,=E2=80=9D she said in=
 an interview last month. =E2=80=9CThere=E2=80=99s the way things have been=
 done for a very long time, and it takes a very long time to change that. I=
=E2=80=99m not surprised at where we=E2=80=99re at.=E2=80=9D</p><p class=3D=
"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inhe=
rit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:=
1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times=
,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:=
inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding=
:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">But at a t=
ime when voters across the political spectrum feel like government has stop=
ped working for them, the promises of a robust and responsive public sector=
 have clearly resonated among voters, regardless of the fiscal or partisan =
realities.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:=
inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-=
size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;ti=
mes new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inher=
it;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:=
0px;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"=
>=E2=80=9CWhen people see you deliver on the small things,=E2=80=9D Ms. Lew=
is George said, =E2=80=9Cthey trust that you can also deliver on the big th=
ings.=E2=80=9D</p></div></div><div style=3D"font-variant-numeric:inherit;fo=
nt-variant-east-asian:inherit;font-variant-alternates:inherit;font-stretch:=
inherit;font-size:16px;line-height:inherit;font-family:&quot;Times New Roma=
n&quot;;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings=
:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:=
transparent solid 1.6px;color:rgb(54,54,54);display:contents"><div class=3D=
"gmail-bottom-of-article" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;bor=
der:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=
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line;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><di=
v style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;paddi=
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px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">Jill Cowan</a></span>=C2=A0is a Times r=
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nt-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;p=
adding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div style=3D"font:inherit;vert=
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olid 1.6px"><p style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;mar=
gin:0px 0px 0.75rem;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><span clas=
s=3D"gmail-css-dtk1i2" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border=
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The Financial Times, June  22, 2026

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From: Chas Freeman <cwfresidence@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 23 Jun 2026 09:23:25 -0400
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Subject: [Salon] Trump curbs Israel across multiple fronts,
 Israeli media reports
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*https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20260623-trump-curbs-israel-across-multi=
ple-fronts-israeli-media-reports/
<https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20260623-trump-curbs-israel-across-multi=
ple-fronts-israeli-media-reports/>*

*6/23/26*

*Trump curbs Israel across multiple fronts, Israeli media reports*
[image: United States President Donald Trump and Israeli Prime Minister
Benjamin Netanyahu hold a joint press conference in the East Room at the
White House in Washington, D.C., United States on February 04, 2025. [Celal
G=C3=BCne=C5=9F - Anadolu Agency]]

*Israeli television has reported that US President Donald Trump is placing
increasing restrictions on Israel not only in Lebanon, but across multiple
fronts, with growing US limitations on both the Israeli military and
government.*

*According to the report, Israel=E2=80=99s political leadership has issued =
new
instructions to the military regarding what is permitted in Lebanon. Under
the guidelines, Israeli forces are allowed to operate freely within the
so-called yellow line and to counter immediate threats, but are prohibited
from carrying out operations in Beirut and Tyre.*

*A senior Israeli official told Israel=E2=80=99s Channel 13: =E2=80=9CThe m=
essage we have
received from the Americans in recent weeks is clear: you had permission to
operate without restrictions, and that period is over.=E2=80=9D*

*Israeli Chief of Staff Eyal Zamir held a meeting on Monday evening with
senior military officials to discuss developments in the Gaza Strip and
what Israel describes as Hamas=E2=80=99 growing military capabilities.*

*A proposal discussed during the meeting recommended launching a military
operation aimed at disarming Hamas, with the scale of the operation to be
determined by the political leadership. However, concerns were reportedly
raised that Trump could block any major move and support greater
flexibility towards Hamas on issues related to its disarmament.*

*Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu also said: =E2=80=9CI reaffirm t=
hat we
will remain in the security zone in southern Lebanon for as long as
necessary to protect the residents of the north and all citizens of the
country.=E2=80=9D*

*The report comes as the first round of talks between the United States and
Iran concluded. Following the discussions, mediators Qatar and Pakistan
announced the creation of a =E2=80=9Cconflict prevention cell in Lebanon=E2=
=80=9D, without
Israeli representation.*

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir=
=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr"><b style=3D"background-color:transparent"><fo=
nt face=3D"georgia, serif"><a href=3D"https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/202=
60623-trump-curbs-israel-across-multiple-fronts-israeli-media-reports/" tar=
get=3D"_blank">https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20260623-trump-curbs-israe=
l-across-multiple-fronts-israeli-media-reports/</a></font></b></div><div di=
r=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif"><br></font=
></b></div><div><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">6/23/26</font></b></div><d=
iv><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif"><br></font></b></div><div><h1 style=3D"=
line-height:1.2141em;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0.5em;max-width:100%;colo=
r:rgb(27,27,27)"><font size=3D"4" face=3D"georgia, serif"><i>Trump curbs Is=
rael across multiple fronts, Israeli media reports</i></font></h1><div styl=
e=3D"max-width:100%;margin-bottom:1.15em;line-height:1.5em;color:rgba(0,0,0=
,0.65)"><img src=3D"https://i0.wp.com/www.middleeastmonitor.com/wp-content/=
uploads/2025/02/AA-20250205-36957803-36957802-DONALD_TRUMP_BENJAMIN_NETANYA=
HU_JOINT_PRESS_CONFERENCE_IN_WASHINGTON_DC.jpg?fit=3D920%2C613&amp;ssl=3D1"=
 alt=3D"United States President Donald Trump and Israeli Prime Minister Ben=
jamin Netanyahu hold a joint press conference in the East Room at the White=
 House in Washington, D.C., United States on February 04, 2025. [Celal G=C3=
=BCne=C5=9F - Anadolu Agency]" style=3D"margin:auto 0px auto auto;display:b=
lock;clear:both" width=3D"412" height=3D"275"></div><p style=3D"max-width:1=
00%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><span style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font face=3D"ge=
orgia, serif">Israeli television has reported that US President Donald Trum=
p is placing increasing restrictions on Israel not only in Lebanon, but acr=
oss multiple fronts, with growing US limitations on both the Israeli milita=
ry and government.</font></b></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rg=
b(27,27,27)"><span style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif=
">According to the report, Israel=E2=80=99s political leadership has issued=
 new instructions to the military regarding what is permitted in Lebanon. U=
nder the guidelines, Israeli forces are allowed to operate freely within th=
e so-called yellow line and to counter immediate threats, but are prohibite=
d from carrying out operations in Beirut and Tyre.</font></b></span></p><p =
style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, seri=
f"><span style=3D"max-width:100%">A senior Israeli official told Israel=E2=
=80=99s<span>=C2=A0</span></span><i style=3D"max-width:100%"><span style=3D=
"max-width:100%">Channel 13</span></i><span style=3D"max-width:100%">: =E2=
=80=9CThe message we have received from the Americans in recent weeks is cl=
ear: you had permission to operate without restrictions, and that period is=
 over.=E2=80=9D</span></font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(2=
7,27,27)"><span style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">I=
sraeli Chief of Staff Eyal Zamir held a meeting on Monday evening with seni=
or military officials to discuss developments in the Gaza Strip and what Is=
rael describes as Hamas=E2=80=99 growing military capabilities.</font></b><=
/span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><span style=3D"ma=
x-width:100%"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">A proposal discussed during =
the meeting recommended launching a military operation aimed at disarming H=
amas, with the scale of the operation to be determined by the political lea=
dership. However, concerns were reportedly raised that Trump could block an=
y major move and support greater flexibility towards Hamas on issues relate=
d to its disarmament.</font></b></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color=
:rgb(27,27,27)"><span style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font face=3D"georgia, se=
rif">Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu also said: =E2=80=9CI reaffi=
rm that we will remain in the security zone in southern Lebanon for as long=
 as necessary to protect the residents of the north and all citizens of the=
 country.=E2=80=9D</font></b></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rg=
b(27,27,27)"><span style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif=
">The report comes as the first round of talks between the United States an=
d Iran concluded. Following the discussions, mediators Qatar and Pakistan a=
nnounced the creation of a =E2=80=9Cconflict prevention cell in Lebanon=E2=
=80=9D, without Israeli representation.</font></b></span></p><p style=3D"fo=
nt-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><=
span style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><br></b></span></p></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>

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Subject: [Salon] Protests sweep Colombia after Trump-backed de la Espriella
 claims win (6/23/26)
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*https://english.almayadeen.net/news/politics/protests-sweep-colombia-after=
-trump-backed-de-la-espriella-c
<https://english.almayadeen.net/news/politics/protests-sweep-colombia-after=
-trump-backed-de-la-espriella-c>*

*Protests sweep Colombia after Trump-backed de la Espriella claims win*

*Colombian right-wing lawyer and businessman Abelardo de la Espriella,
backed by the United States, has declared a narrow victory in Colombia=E2=
=80=99s
disputed presidential runoff, tilting the balance in favour of the right
and triggering violent protests.*

*Initial results from the counting of most votes showed de la Espriella
(47), a political newcomer who has never held public office, winning 49.7%
of the vote. He edged out left-wing senator and human rights advocate Iv=C3=
=A1n
Cepeda, who secured 48.7%.*

*Cepeda (63), an ally of outgoing president Gustavo Petro and widely
popular among the working class, rejected the result before the final
count, announcing plans to challenge the results across 33,000 polling
stations.*
US and pro-'Israel' alignment shapes de la Espriella=E2=80=99s security pla=
n

*De la Espriella, who admires Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele and
Argentina=E2=80=99s Javier Milei, has promised to =E2=80=9Cbuild massive pr=
isons where
inmates are given bread and water,=E2=80=9D bomb drug-trafficking camps wit=
h
support from Washington and "Israel", cut government jobs by 40%, and
support hydraulic fracturing for oil and gas extraction, which is harmful
to the environment.*

*He is scheduled to take office on August 7, amid escalating violence and a
six-decade-long internal armed conflict, as well as expert fears that his
pledges to carry out military strikes could trigger a new cycle of
violence, especially given his lack of a parliamentary majority.*
Reactions and protests

*While his supporters celebrated in several cities wearing the national
football team=E2=80=99s yellow shirts, de la Espriella, nicknamed =E2=80=9C=
the Tiger=E2=80=9D,
marked the beginning of a new era behind bulletproof glass in Barranquilla,
vowing to pursue criminals.*

*In contrast, protests and violent clashes broke out with riot police in
the capital Bogot=C3=A1 and the city of Cali, where angry demonstrators bur=
ned
US flags in rejection of his economic and environmental policies and in
condemnation of the return of right-wing governments, which they accuse of
enriching the wealthy and marginalizing the poor.*

*"I wish to make a very cordial appeal for composure and calm," said
Cepeda, stressing he had not called for violent demonstrations.*

*Any protests, he said, should "remain strictly within the bounds of
tranquility and peaceful mobilization."*

*Internationally, the result received broad US support, with President
Donald Trump congratulating de la Espriella on his Truth Social platform,
expressing his desire to build =E2=80=9Ca strong relationship that brings g=
reatness
to both countries.=E2=80=9D His Secretary of State Marco Rubio also congrat=
ulated
him, praising future cooperation on security and ending illegal
immigration.*

*Congratulations also quickly followed from Argentine President Javier
Milei, Ecuadorian President Daniel Noboa, Chilean President Jos=C3=A9 Anton=
io
Kast, Panamanian President Jos=C3=A9 Ra=C3=BAl Mulino, Peruvian opposition =
leader
Keiko Fujimori, and Venezuela's Mar=C3=ADa Corina Machado.*

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir=
=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr"><b style=3D"color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:geor=
gia,serif;background-color:transparent"><a href=3D"https://english.almayade=
en.net/news/politics/protests-sweep-colombia-after-trump-backed-de-la-espri=
ella-c" target=3D"_blank">https://english.almayadeen.net/news/politics/prot=
ests-sweep-colombia-after-trump-backed-de-la-espriella-c</a></b></div><div =
dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><font color=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia, =
serif"><b><br></b></font></div><div><h1 style=3D"line-height:1.2141em;margi=
n-top:0px;margin-bottom:0.5em;max-width:100%"><font color=3D"#000000" face=
=3D"georgia, serif" size=3D"4"><i>Protests sweep Colombia after Trump-backe=
d de la Espriella claims win</i></font></h1><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><fo=
nt color=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia, serif"><b>Colombian right-wing lawyer=
 and businessman Abelardo de la Espriella, backed by the United States, has=
 declared a narrow victory in Colombia=E2=80=99s disputed presidential runo=
ff, tilting the balance in favour of the right and triggering violent prote=
sts.</b></font></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><font color=3D"#000000" face=
=3D"georgia, serif"><b>Initial results from the counting of most votes show=
ed de la Espriella (47), a political newcomer who has never held public off=
ice, winning 49.7% of the vote. He edged out left-wing senator and human ri=
ghts advocate Iv=C3=A1n Cepeda, who secured 48.7%.</b></font></p><p style=
=3D"max-width:100%"><font color=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia, serif"><b>Cepe=
da (63), an ally of outgoing president Gustavo Petro and widely popular amo=
ng the working class, rejected the result before the final count, announcin=
g plans to challenge the results across 33,000 polling stations.</b></font>=
</p><h2 style=3D"max-width:100%"><font size=3D"2" color=3D"#000000" face=3D=
"georgia, serif">US and pro-&#39;Israel&#39; alignment shapes de la Espriel=
la=E2=80=99s security plan</font></h2><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><font col=
or=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia, serif"><b>De la Espriella, who admires Salv=
adoran President Nayib Bukele and Argentina=E2=80=99s Javier Milei, has pro=
mised to =E2=80=9Cbuild massive prisons where inmates are given bread and w=
ater,=E2=80=9D bomb drug-trafficking camps with support from Washington and=
 &quot;Israel&quot;, cut government jobs by 40%, and support hydraulic frac=
turing for oil and gas extraction, which is harmful to the environment.</b>=
</font></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><font color=3D"#000000" face=3D"geor=
gia, serif"><b>He is scheduled to take office on August 7, amid escalating =
violence and a six-decade-long internal armed conflict, as well as expert f=
ears that his pledges to carry out military strikes could trigger a new cyc=
le of violence, especially given his lack of a parliamentary majority.</b><=
/font></p><h2 style=3D"max-width:100%"><font size=3D"2" color=3D"#000000" f=
ace=3D"georgia, serif">Reactions and protests</font></h2><p style=3D"max-wi=
dth:100%"><font color=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia, serif"><b>While his supp=
orters celebrated in several cities wearing the national football team=E2=
=80=99s yellow shirts, de la Espriella, nicknamed =E2=80=9Cthe Tiger=E2=80=
=9D, marked the beginning of a new era behind bulletproof glass in Barranqu=
illa, vowing to pursue criminals.</b></font></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"=
><font color=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia, serif"><b>In contrast, protests a=
nd violent clashes broke out with riot police in the capital Bogot=C3=A1 an=
d the city of Cali, where angry demonstrators burned US flags in rejection =
of his economic and environmental policies and in condemnation of the retur=
n of right-wing governments, which they accuse of enriching the wealthy and=
 marginalizing the poor.</b></font></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><font co=
lor=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia, serif"><b>&quot;I wish to make a very cord=
ial appeal for composure and calm,&quot; said Cepeda, stressing he had not =
called for violent demonstrations.</b></font></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%=
"><font color=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia, serif"><b>Any protests, he said,=
 should &quot;remain strictly within the bounds of tranquility and peaceful=
 mobilization.&quot;</b></font></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><font color=
=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia, serif"><b>Internationally, the result receive=
d broad US support, with President Donald Trump congratulating de la Esprie=
lla on his Truth Social platform, expressing his desire to build =E2=80=9Ca=
 strong relationship that brings greatness to both countries.=E2=80=9D His =
Secretary of State Marco Rubio also congratulated him, praising future coop=
eration on security and ending illegal immigration.</b></font></p><p style=
=3D"max-width:100%"><font color=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia, serif"><b>Cong=
ratulations also quickly followed from Argentine President Javier Milei, Ec=
uadorian President Daniel Noboa, Chilean President Jos=C3=A9 Antonio Kast, =
Panamanian President Jos=C3=A9 Ra=C3=BAl Mulino, Peruvian opposition leader=
 Keiko Fujimori, and Venezuela&#39;s Mar=C3=ADa Corina Machado.</b></font><=
/p></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>

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--0000000000002df8970654ebe51a
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

*https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#inbox/WhctKLcFBpSGMsTJKNwlWWqVtKbjsklvvd=
pFNslzXmQVVzrZDmlLnPMRHNnLfkSClkmVrVG
<https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#inbox/WhctKLcFBpSGMsTJKNwlWWqVtKbjsklvvd=
pFNslzXmQVVzrZDmlLnPMRHNnLfkSClkmVrVG>*

*The China=E2=80=93Gulf axis is reshaping renewable energy in the Global So=
uth*

*Safa Joudeh  * 6/23/26

*The United Arab Emirates and China are jointly delivering utility-scale
wind and solar projects, with the former providing diplomatic access and
financial firepower and the latter delivering the technology and
construction.*

*In late 2025, the UAE-based company Global South Utilities launched
50-megawatt solar projects in the Central African Republic
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/bc79ca4321b3ab252cf69e0a77840ec199d8d1ca>
and Madagascar
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/1a9792b184b2392a8270baf7c59b483fa22ce7aa>
with
Chinese firms supplying core technology. In early 2026, UAE state-owned
renewable energy giant Masdar signed an agreement
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/51efd4e1a9460dca36c5176c8de62b59be39d251>
to
build and operate the 300-megawatt Guzar Solar and Battery Energy Storage
Project in Uzbekistan, again using Chinese photovoltaic modules and battery
storage systems.*

*From Argentina
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/420ff7453ad823d87cf9fe70153dc10bef3e8c3e>
to Costa
Rica
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/7ba8b7617216cd88616fcb06ccad9ded9a1d5bd2>
and Chile
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/897aad21d8863d340b8b25ad6e1be35eb57da9db>,
Masdar is looking to replicate this model through partnerships with Latin
American state-run energy projects, with China serving as the critical
enabler anchoring supply chains, co-financing deals and deploying
infrastructure at scale
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/b9e46b33080f5bb044e657c1f78c751171cb5433>.*

*This pattern
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/578bc7cd47bedeafd4f2cb63b3aa3c0a6bb59304>
of
China=E2=80=93UAE cooperation is likely to accelerate as global energy mark=
ets
remain volatile following the US=E2=80=93Israeli war on Iran. Governments a=
cross
the Global South are seeking to diversify into renewable energy sources,
creating new market opportunities for emerging players. While this pattern
first emerged due to energy disruptions in the wake of the pandemic,
increased volatility in global energy markets in the wake of the US=E2=80=
=93Israeli
war on Iran promises to further accelerate this trend*

*The China=E2=80=93UAE renewable energy axis is more than a commercial part=
nership.
It is a convergence of state-capitalist models that is reshaping energy
transitions in the Global South. By jointly expanding their global energy
engagements, China and the UAE are systematically extending their strategic
and commercial footprints in global energy markets, and in doing so
ushering in an increasingly multipolar global energy order.*

*Fossil fuels still supply nearly 60 per cent
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/663cce66e82aa64600a2939404ca97f56696dcaa>
of
global electricity generation, with nuclear accounting for 9 per cent and
renewables around one third. But the balance is beginning to shift, as
renewables now drive nearly three-quarters of the year-on-year growth in
electricity generation =E2=80=94 even as fossil-fuel output continues to ri=
se.*

*The drivers are largely economic. Hybrid solar and wind systems combined
with battery storage can now deliver electricity at costs competitive with
coal and gas
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/32f9d74b852e228f62399cd54ebcc5d42ada940d>.
With financing and infrastructure support, green transitions are not only
viable but financially rational
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/ffbf47d8916b343be0507f30aecad8ba8af2de5b>.*

*Geopolitical shocks
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/2a7e4b7e4975c7fc4f6a3b10a3efc38d3a4be114>
have
strengthened this shift, beginning with the disruption to global oil and
gas markets following international sanctions on Russia after its invasion
of Ukraine in 2022. The closure of the Strait of Hormuz
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/d855a1dcce0c95fac7ad59279f6bc157e14be3c5>,
which supplies 80 per cent of crude oil and 90 per cent of liquefied
natural gas bound for Asian markets, has triggered a severe oil supply
shock.*

*Policy responses have been contradictory. Some governments have sought to
ensure fossil fuel accessibility by ramping up coal output and reinstating
energy subsidies. But the crisis has also accelerated a longer-term
reorientation. India is fast-tracking its wind and solar pipelines
alongside emergency coal measures, while Indonesia has ordered 100
gigawatts
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/b5e5ffef241ab75694460ed12bc590cc2b17fcce>
of
solar capacity and is targeting full vehicle electrification. The
Philippines has also fast-tracked 1.5 gigawatts of renewable projects to
secure domestic power delivery.*

*Against this backdrop, Chinese and Gulf companies, primarily from Saudi
Arabia and the UAE, are positioned to supply renewable energy
infrastructure. As the world=E2=80=99s largest green technology producer, C=
hina
already holds a structural advantage
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/47d22915c4c54f82c40b5b4c04a741a8d5487df2>.
It controls 80=E2=80=9390 per cent of global solar photovoltaic manufacturi=
ng
capacity
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/0371e696bfc4b677a618310fdad3d6c46e0feb59>
while
Chinese firms account for 78 per cent
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/b246139bf21375a8e7e79ef06046b06a7169c87e>of
the global wind turbine market. Chinese firms are also dominant
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/7e0aea50096c15ce1c4cf16d09c21e52e2d30b08>
in
lithium-ion battery production and the processing of rare earth elements
and critical minerals.*

*A decade of state-backed investment has driven solar photovoltaic and
battery production costs down by 90 per cent
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/447ac89830f2025b380725b4214654df06dc3b55>,
eroding the market share of Western companies like Vestas and Siemens and
making Chinese firms dominant global suppliers of reliable, low-cost energy
technologies.*

*But rising trade barriers in the West and parts of Asia, along with
geopolitical tensions, have curtailed Chinese firms=E2=80=99 role as develo=
pers.
China is responding by pivoting from developer to enabler, partnering with
Gulf entities
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/d67199e54ae93bd8ff362985479575f950854f40>
like
Masdar, AMEA Power and Saudi Arabia=E2=80=99s Acwa to finance and develop p=
rojects
that deploy Chinese technology.*

*The logic of the alliance is straightforward. Gulf sovereign wealth-backed
developers collaborate with Chinese suppliers and contractors to construct
renewable energy facilities. Gulf companies originate, design and manage
projects, using diplomatic relationships to win concessions and secure
financing
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/f11e816e354fe81a9bb82fc87ba8b291d157f1f7>.
Chinese entities remain involved
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/9e0499bafdb430c5de0b13c9eda058dc9cc87dfb>
as
suppliers and engineering, procurement and construction contractors. As
structural demand surges in markets where the China=E2=80=93Gulf axis
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/ee34961152b1e23c04c19324b7e8747c261a140b>
is
active, these actors are positioned as the most competitive bidders for
tenders across Asia, Africa and Latin America.*

*Masdar=E2=80=99s state backing gives it an exceptionally low cost of capit=
al,
enabling it to bid the lowest electricity tariffs seen in any emerging
market and win government tenders across Asia, including in Uzbekistan
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/b24abb7f3ac2c84c97db92b7171cbbab6b8d3e1c>
and Indonesia
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/eb36c03b69d2817b522afc1a25834370d3913b9e>.
It has also set a record low
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/22e34384d36ab2d3c354199e181c50cfe0518d0b>
solar
tariff in Africa through a joint venture in Cote d=E2=80=99Ivoire.*

*Masdar relies on Chinese suppliers and contractors to win competitive
tenders while bypassing Western manufacturers
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/6e27d9a4d47ae131cef01b646c8a5eaae3388d01>.
The result is deeper entrenchment of Chinese technology and supply chains
across Global South energy infrastructure.*

*The China=E2=80=93Gulf axis is reshaping who builds and finances renewable=
 energy
in the Global South. More importantly, it is also influencing where
projects are built, on what political terms and within whose geostrategic
orbit countries access and govern their energy future.*

*The International Energy Agency projects global renewable electricity
capacity
<https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track=
-url/wo319jam7kc08/35140da6094806fcef0626b6ee8781898d509e43>
will
expand by thousands of gigawatts by 2030, with global state-backed
utilities positioned to dominate this landscape. The emerging risk is that
the energy transition, conceived as an ecological project, is being
consolidated into a new model of capital accumulation and infrastructure
dependency, with a new set of state-backed green utility managers at its
centre.*

*Safa Joudeh is Postdoctoral Researcher at the Institute of Arab and
Islamic Studies, University of Exeter.*

*The research for this article was supported by Carnegie Corporation New
York, Mapping Connections Project, University of Exeter.*

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir=
=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr"><b style=3D"background-color:transparent"><fo=
nt color=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia, serif"><a href=3D"https://mail.google=
.com/mail/u/0/#inbox/WhctKLcFBpSGMsTJKNwlWWqVtKbjsklvvdpFNslzXmQVVzrZDmlLnP=
MRHNnLfkSClkmVrVG" target=3D"_blank">https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/#inbo=
x/WhctKLcFBpSGMsTJKNwlWWqVtKbjsklvvdpFNslzXmQVVzrZDmlLnPMRHNnLfkSClkmVrVG</=
a></font></b></div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div =
dir=3D"ltr"><div><b><font color=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia, serif"><br></f=
ont></b></div><div><h1 style=3D"line-height:1.2141em;margin-top:0px;margin-=
bottom:0.5em;max-width:100%"><font color=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia, serif=
" size=3D"4"><i>The China=E2=80=93Gulf axis is reshaping renewable energy i=
n the Global South</i></font></h1><font color=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia, =
serif"><span style=3D"max-width:100%;margin:0.5em auto;height:auto"><i><img=
 width=3D"412" height=3D"309" src=3D"https://eastasiaforum.org/wp-content/u=
ploads/2026/06/2023-10-05T124050Z_1409039602_RC2XF1AZU9ZK_RTRMADP_3_EMIRATE=
S-ENVIRONMENT-WIND-FARMING-scaled.jpg" style=3D"margin:0.5em 0px 0.5em auto=
;display:block;font-style:italic"></i></span></font><p style=3D"max-width:1=
00%"><font color=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia, serif" style=3D""><i style=3D=
"font-weight:bold">Safa Joudeh=C2=A0 </i>=C2=A06/23/26</font></p><p style=
=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font color=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia, serif">The =
United Arab Emirates and China are jointly delivering utility-scale wind an=
d solar projects, with the former providing diplomatic access and financial=
 firepower and the latter delivering the technology and construction.</font=
></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font color=3D"#000000" face=3D"geo=
rgia, serif">In late 2025, the UAE-based company Global South Utilities lau=
nched 50-megawatt solar projects in the<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https:=
//mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track-url/wo=
319jam7kc08/bc79ca4321b3ab252cf69e0a77840ec199d8d1ca" style=3D"text-decorat=
ion:none;max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">Central African Republic</a><spa=
n>=C2=A0</span>and<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://mailwizz.eastasiafo=
rum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track-url/wo319jam7kc08/1a9792b18=
4b2392a8270baf7c59b483fa22ce7aa" style=3D"text-decoration:none;max-width:10=
0%" target=3D"_blank">Madagascar</a><span>=C2=A0</span>with Chinese firms s=
upplying core technology. In early 2026, UAE state-owned renewable energy g=
iant Masdar<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org=
/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track-url/wo319jam7kc08/51efd4e1a9460dca=
36c5176c8de62b59be39d251" style=3D"text-decoration:none;max-width:100%" tar=
get=3D"_blank">signed an agreement</a><span>=C2=A0</span>to build and opera=
te the 300-megawatt Guzar Solar and Battery Energy Storage Project in Uzbek=
istan, again using Chinese photovoltaic modules and battery storage systems=
.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font color=3D"#000000" face=
=3D"georgia, serif">From<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://mailwizz.east=
asiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track-url/wo319jam7kc08/420=
ff7453ad823d87cf9fe70153dc10bef3e8c3e" style=3D"text-decoration:none;max-wi=
dth:100%" target=3D"_blank">Argentina</a><span>=C2=A0</span>to<span>=C2=A0<=
/span><a href=3D"https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh6=
32lsd4537f/track-url/wo319jam7kc08/7ba8b7617216cd88616fcb06ccad9ded9a1d5bd2=
" style=3D"text-decoration:none;max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">Costa Ric=
a</a><span>=C2=A0</span>and<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://mailwizz.e=
astasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track-url/wo319jam7kc08/=
897aad21d8863d340b8b25ad6e1be35eb57da9db" style=3D"text-decoration:none;max=
-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">Chile</a>, Masdar<span>=C2=A0</span><a style=
=3D"max-width:100%">is looking to replicate<span>=C2=A0</span></a>this mode=
l through partnerships with Latin American state-run energy projects, with =
China serving as the critical enabler anchoring supply chains, co-financing=
 deals and deploying infrastructure at<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https:/=
/mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track-url/wo3=
19jam7kc08/b9e46b33080f5bb044e657c1f78c751171cb5433" style=3D"text-decorati=
on:none;max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">scale</a>.</font></b></p><p style=
=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font color=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia, serif"><a h=
ref=3D"https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f=
/track-url/wo319jam7kc08/578bc7cd47bedeafd4f2cb63b3aa3c0a6bb59304" style=3D=
"text-decoration:none;max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">This pattern</a><sp=
an>=C2=A0</span>of China=E2=80=93UAE cooperation is likely to accelerate as=
 global energy markets remain volatile following the US=E2=80=93Israeli war=
 on Iran. Governments across the Global South are seeking to diversify into=
 renewable energy sources, creating new market opportunities for emerging p=
layers. While this pattern first emerged due to energy disruptions in the w=
ake of the pandemic, increased volatility in global energy markets in the w=
ake of the US=E2=80=93Israeli war on Iran promises to further accelerate th=
is trend</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font color=3D"#00000=
0" face=3D"georgia, serif">The China=E2=80=93UAE renewable energy axis is m=
ore than a commercial partnership. It is a convergence of state-capitalist =
models that is reshaping energy transitions in the Global South. By jointly=
 expanding their global energy engagements, China and the UAE are systemati=
cally extending their strategic and commercial footprints in global energy =
markets, and in doing so ushering in an increasingly multipolar global ener=
gy order.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font color=3D"#0000=
00" face=3D"georgia, serif">Fossil fuels still supply<span>=C2=A0</span><a =
href=3D"https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537=
f/track-url/wo319jam7kc08/663cce66e82aa64600a2939404ca97f56696dcaa" style=
=3D"text-decoration:none;max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">nearly 60 per ce=
nt</a><span>=C2=A0</span>of global electricity generation, with nuclear acc=
ounting for 9 per cent and renewables around one third. But the balance is =
beginning to shift, as renewables now drive nearly three-quarters of the ye=
ar-on-year growth in electricity generation =E2=80=94 even as fossil-fuel o=
utput continues to rise.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font=
 color=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia, serif">The drivers are largely economic=
. Hybrid solar and wind systems combined with battery storage can now deliv=
er electricity at costs<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://mailwizz.easta=
siaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track-url/wo319jam7kc08/32f9=
d74b852e228f62399cd54ebcc5d42ada940d" style=3D"text-decoration:none;max-wid=
th:100%" target=3D"_blank">competitive with coal and gas</a>. With financin=
g and infrastructure support, green transitions are not only viable but<spa=
n>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/camp=
aigns/wh632lsd4537f/track-url/wo319jam7kc08/ffbf47d8916b343be0507f30aecad8b=
a8af2de5b" style=3D"text-decoration:none;max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">=
financially rational</a>.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><fon=
t color=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia, serif"><a href=3D"https://mailwizz.eas=
tasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track-url/wo319jam7kc08/2a=
7e4b7e4975c7fc4f6a3b10a3efc38d3a4be114" style=3D"text-decoration:none;max-w=
idth:100%" target=3D"_blank">Geopolitical shocks</a><span>=C2=A0</span>have=
 strengthened this shift, beginning with the disruption to global oil and g=
as markets following international sanctions on Russia after its invasion o=
f Ukraine in 2022. The closure of the<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://=
mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track-url/wo31=
9jam7kc08/d855a1dcce0c95fac7ad59279f6bc157e14be3c5" style=3D"text-decoratio=
n:none;max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">Strait of Hormuz</a>, which suppli=
es 80 per cent of crude oil and 90 per cent of liquefied natural gas bound =
for Asian markets, has triggered a severe oil supply shock.</font></b></p><=
p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font color=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia, seri=
f">Policy responses have been contradictory. Some governments have sought t=
o ensure fossil fuel accessibility by ramping up coal output and reinstatin=
g energy subsidies. But the crisis has also accelerated a longer-term reori=
entation. India is fast-tracking its wind and solar pipelines alongside eme=
rgency coal measures, while Indonesia has<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"http=
s://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track-url/=
wo319jam7kc08/b5e5ffef241ab75694460ed12bc590cc2b17fcce" style=3D"text-decor=
ation:none;max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">ordered 100 gigawatts</a><span=
>=C2=A0</span>of solar capacity and is targeting full vehicle electrificati=
on. The Philippines has also fast-tracked 1.5 gigawatts of renewable projec=
ts to secure domestic power delivery.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:1=
00%"><b><font color=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia, serif">Against this backdr=
op, Chinese and Gulf companies, primarily from Saudi Arabia and the UAE, ar=
e positioned to supply renewable energy infrastructure. As the world=E2=80=
=99s largest green technology producer, China already holds a<span>=C2=A0</=
span><a href=3D"https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh63=
2lsd4537f/track-url/wo319jam7kc08/47d22915c4c54f82c40b5b4c04a741a8d5487df2"=
 style=3D"text-decoration:none;max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">structural=
 advantage</a>. It controls 80=E2=80=9390 per cent of global<span>=C2=A0</s=
pan><a href=3D"https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632=
lsd4537f/track-url/wo319jam7kc08/0371e696bfc4b677a618310fdad3d6c46e0feb59" =
style=3D"text-decoration:none;max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">solar photo=
voltaic manufacturing capacity</a><span>=C2=A0</span>while Chinese firms ac=
count for<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/i=
ndex.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track-url/wo319jam7kc08/b246139bf21375a8e7=
e79ef06046b06a7169c87e" style=3D"text-decoration:none;max-width:100%" targe=
t=3D"_blank">78 per cent</a>of the global wind turbine market.<span>=C2=A0<=
/span><a href=3D"https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh6=
32lsd4537f/track-url/wo319jam7kc08/7e0aea50096c15ce1c4cf16d09c21e52e2d30b08=
" style=3D"text-decoration:none;max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">Chinese f=
irms are also dominant</a><span>=C2=A0</span>in lithium-ion battery product=
ion and the processing of rare earth elements and critical minerals.</font>=
</b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font color=3D"#000000" face=3D"geor=
gia, serif">A decade of state-backed investment has driven solar photovolta=
ic and battery production costs down by<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https:=
//mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track-url/wo=
319jam7kc08/447ac89830f2025b380725b4214654df06dc3b55" style=3D"text-decorat=
ion:none;max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">90 per cent</a>, eroding the mar=
ket share of Western companies like Vestas and Siemens and making Chinese f=
irms dominant global suppliers of reliable, low-cost energy technologies.</=
font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font color=3D"#000000" face=3D=
"georgia, serif">But rising trade barriers in the West and parts of Asia, a=
long with geopolitical tensions, have curtailed Chinese firms=E2=80=99 role=
 as developers. China is responding by pivoting from developer to enabler,<=
span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/c=
ampaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track-url/wo319jam7kc08/d67199e54ae93bd8ff3629854795=
75f950854f40" style=3D"text-decoration:none;max-width:100%" target=3D"_blan=
k">partnering with Gulf entities</a><span>=C2=A0</span>like Masdar, AMEA Po=
wer and Saudi Arabia=E2=80=99s Acwa to finance and develop projects that de=
ploy Chinese technology.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font=
 color=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia, serif">The logic of the alliance is str=
aightforward. Gulf sovereign wealth-backed developers collaborate with Chin=
ese suppliers and contractors to construct renewable energy facilities. Gul=
f companies originate, design and manage projects, using diplomatic relatio=
nships to win concessions and<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://mailwizz=
.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track-url/wo319jam7kc0=
8/f11e816e354fe81a9bb82fc87ba8b291d157f1f7" style=3D"text-decoration:none;m=
ax-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">secure financing</a>. Chinese entities<spa=
n>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/camp=
aigns/wh632lsd4537f/track-url/wo319jam7kc08/9e0499bafdb430c5de0b13c9eda058d=
c9cc87dfb" style=3D"text-decoration:none;max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">=
remain involved</a><span>=C2=A0</span>as suppliers and engineering, procure=
ment and construction contractors. As structural demand surges in markets w=
here the<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/in=
dex.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track-url/wo319jam7kc08/ee34961152b1e23c04c=
19324b7e8747c261a140b" style=3D"text-decoration:none;max-width:100%" target=
=3D"_blank">China=E2=80=93Gulf axis</a><span>=C2=A0</span>is active, these =
actors are positioned as the most competitive bidders for tenders across As=
ia, Africa and Latin America.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b>=
<font color=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia, serif">Masdar=E2=80=99s state back=
ing gives it an exceptionally low cost of capital, enabling it to bid the l=
owest electricity tariffs seen in any emerging market and win government te=
nders across Asia, including in<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://mailwi=
zz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track-url/wo319jam7k=
c08/b24abb7f3ac2c84c97db92b7171cbbab6b8d3e1c" style=3D"text-decoration:none=
;max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">Uzbekistan</a><span>=C2=A0</span>and<spa=
n>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/camp=
aigns/wh632lsd4537f/track-url/wo319jam7kc08/eb36c03b69d2817b522afc1a2583437=
0d3913b9e" style=3D"text-decoration:none;max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">=
Indonesia</a>. It has also set a<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://mailw=
izz.eastasiaforum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track-url/wo319jam7=
kc08/22e34384d36ab2d3c354199e181c50cfe0518d0b" style=3D"text-decoration:non=
e;max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">record low</a><span>=C2=A0</span>solar =
tariff in Africa through a joint venture in Cote d=E2=80=99Ivoire.</font></=
b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font color=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgi=
a, serif">Masdar relies on Chinese suppliers and contractors to win competi=
tive tenders while<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://mailwizz.eastasiafo=
rum.org/index.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track-url/wo319jam7kc08/6e27d9a4d=
47ae131cef01b646c8a5eaae3388d01" style=3D"text-decoration:none;max-width:10=
0%" target=3D"_blank">bypassing Western manufacturers</a>. The result is de=
eper entrenchment of Chinese technology and supply chains across Global Sou=
th energy infrastructure.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><fon=
t color=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia, serif">The China=E2=80=93Gulf axis is =
reshaping who builds and finances renewable energy in the Global South. Mor=
e importantly, it is also influencing where projects are built, on what pol=
itical terms and within whose geostrategic orbit countries access and gover=
n their energy future.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font c=
olor=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia, serif">The International Energy Agency pr=
ojects<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://mailwizz.eastasiaforum.org/inde=
x.php/campaigns/wh632lsd4537f/track-url/wo319jam7kc08/35140da6094806fcef062=
6b6ee8781898d509e43" style=3D"text-decoration:none;max-width:100%" target=
=3D"_blank">global renewable electricity capacity</a><span>=C2=A0</span>wil=
l expand by thousands of gigawatts by 2030, with global state-backed utilit=
ies positioned to dominate this landscape. The emerging risk is that the en=
ergy transition, conceived as an ecological project, is being consolidated =
into a new model of capital accumulation and infrastructure dependency, wit=
h a new set of state-backed green utility managers at its centre.</font></b=
></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font color=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia=
, serif"><em style=3D"max-width:100%">Safa Joudeh is Postdoctoral Research<=
/em><em style=3D"max-width:100%">er</em><em style=3D"max-width:100%"><span>=
=C2=A0</span>at the Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, University of Ex=
eter.</em></font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><em style=3D"max-width=
:100%"><b><font color=3D"#000000" face=3D"georgia, serif">The research for =
this article was supported by Carnegie Corporation New York, Mapping Connec=
tions Project, University of Exeter.</font></b></em></p></div></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div></div>

--0000000000002df8970654ebe51a--

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Subject: [Salon] Iran Challenges US Doctrine of Low-Intensity Warfare
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*https://www.juancole.com/2026/06/challenges-doctrine-intensity.html
<https://www.juancole.com/2026/06/challenges-doctrine-intensity.html>*

*Iran Challenges US Doctrine of Low-Intensity Warfare*

*Medea Benjamin and Nicholas J.S. Davies
<https://www.juancole.com/author/codepink> 06/23/2026*

*( Code Pink  <https://www.codepink.org/>) =E2=80=93 The 60-day extension o=
f the
ceasefire between the United States and Iran may lead to lasting peace or
it may be over within a week, doomed by the dysfunctional alliance between
the US and Israel. If it holds, it could mark the beginning of a transition
away from the doctrine of =E2=80=9Clow-intensity conflict=E2=80=9D that has=
 shaped U.S.
foreign policy for decades. *

*Talks between the US, Iran, Pakistan and Qatar began
<https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/6/21/us-iran-talks-in-switzerland-is-l=
ebanon-top-of-agenda-who-is-attending>
in
Switzerland on June 21st. But Iran was firm that it holds the United
States responsible
<https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/6/19/israel-continues-attacks-on-leban=
on-despite-agreeing-to-ceasefire>
for
Israel=E2=80=99s violations of the US-Iran memorandum and cannot move forwa=
rd with
other parts of the agreement until the US fulfills its part in Article 1,
which requires an actual Israeli ceasefire and withdrawal from Lebanon.*

*If the memorandum agreed between Iran and the United States fails, the
world will be left with vastly reduced oil and gas supplies and a regional
war between Iran, Israel and the United States from Lebanon to the Persian
Gulf.  *

*This entire crisis is one more devastating result of the world community=
=E2=80=99s
failure to tame Israel=E2=80=99s war crimes and genocide or end its illegal
occupation of Palestine and attacks and invasions in neighboring countries
=E2=80=93 all of which the United States continues to enable and support th=
rough
its military and diplomatic alliance and arming of the Israeli military.*

*Trump seems to understand the rapidly deteriorating position of the US and
Israel, and to recognize that his own political future now depends on
extricating the US from the war on Iran that he and Netanyahu cooked up.
Voices of peace from around the world support
<https://www.codepink.org/trump_s_iran_deal_a_peace_activist_s_perspective>=
 the
tentative ceasefire extension and oppose efforts to sabotage it by
politicians in Washington and Tel Aviv.*

*But to understand the roots of this crisis in US foreign policy, we have
to look back. Since the 1980s, aggressive US foreign policy has dragged the
Middle East and much of the world into a state that US military planners
<https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/100-20/1002=
0ch1.htm#s_9>
call
=E2=80=9Clow-intensity conflict=E2=80=9D or =E2=80=9CLIC.=E2=80=9D *

*Under this doctrine, the United States, and now its prot=C3=A9g=C3=A9 Isra=
el, claim
the freedom of action to use military force in flagrant and widespread
violation of international law, while deterring the rest of the world from
mustering the political will to enforce the law or hold them accountable.*

*The US doctrine of low-intensity conflict was a deliberate policy choice
by the Reagan administration in the 1980s, after the US defeat in Vietnam.
After Bush II and Cheney=E2=80=99s catastrophic full-scale US invasions of
Afghanistan and Iraq, Obama, Trump and Biden reverted to low-intensity
warfare, but globally expanded its scope.*

*This US choice to expand low-intensity warfare followed the example and
the techniques of the British Empire in its final phase in the 1950s. From
the Suez crisis to guerrilla war against communist revolutionaries in
Malaya and Mau Mau torture camps in Kenya, the deliberate and deadly
violence of Britain=E2=80=99s imperial policies was hidden from its own peo=
ple and
the world behind a tapestry
<https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/mar/13/legacy-of-violence-a-history=
-of-the-british-empire-by-caroline-elkins-review-the-brutal-truth-about-bri=
tains-past>
of
lies. *

*In 1989, Michael Klare and Peter Kornbluh edited a book
titled Low-Intensity Warfare: How the USA Fights Wars Without Declaring
Them. *

*They wrote
<https://archive.org/details/lowintensitywarf0000unse/page/n263/mode/2up> t=
hat
the official description of low-intensity warfare was deliberately broad
and ambiguous, embracing drug interdiction in Bolivia, the occupation of
Beirut, the invasion of Grenada, the airstrikes on Libya in 1986, as well
as covert =E2=80=9Cspecial operations,=E2=80=9D =E2=80=9Cspecial activities=
,=E2=80=9D and =E2=80=9Cunconventional
warfare.=E2=80=9D *

*They concluded that low-intensity conflict was in fact =E2=80=9Ca strategi=
c
reorientation of the US military establishment, and renewed commitment to
employ force in a global crusade against Third World revolutionary
movements and governments.=E2=80=9D*

*Today=E2=80=99s nominal but false ceasefires in Gaza, Lebanon and the Pers=
ian Gulf
fit squarely within that doctrine. They allow the US and Israel to continue
illegal uses of force while appearing to respond to international demands
for negotiations and diplomacy. *

*But the US involvement in low-intensity conflict today is not limited to
the Middle East. It also encompasses the proxy war
<https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/6/18/ukraine-hits-moscow-refinery-as-z=
elenskyy-seeks-trump-support-to-end-war>
on
Russia centered in Ukraine; the savage, deadly siege
<https://braveneweurope.com/medea-benjamin-suffocating-an-island-what-the-u=
-s-blockade-is-doing-to-cuba>
of
Cuba; US and western piracy
<https://thepeacemonger.substack.com/p/piracy-in-the-english-channel> on
the high seas; the kidnapping
<https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/1/5/venezuelas-abducted-leader-maduro-=
wife-to-appear-in-nyc-court>
of
President Maduro of Venezuela and his wife; and economic and financial
coercive measures or =E2=80=9Csanctions=E2=80=9D thatimpact
<https://sanctionskill.org/> about 40 countries. *

*Today=E2=80=99s low-intensity warfare also includes deploying US special
operations forces in up to140 countries
<https://tomdispatch.com/nick-turse-america-s-commandos-what-did-they-do-an=
d-where-did-they-do-it/>.
Since 2001, US special operations forces claim to have suffered 40%
<https://www.war.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/1758218/special-oper=
ations-leaders-testify-before-senate-on-sof-global-posture/>
of
all US military casualties, including many of the 8,492
<http://icasualties.org/> American deaths in Iraq and Afghanistan. *

*Concentrating such a large share of US war casualties in such a small
force =E2=80=93 about 70,000 men and women at any one time =E2=80=93 helps =
to give most
American families the illusion of living in peace, even as the United
States projects military force across the world and kills thousands,
sometimes hundreds
<https://psr.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/body-count.pdf> of thousands,
of people abroad.*

*The doctrine of low-intensity warfare depends on a fundamental assumption:
that the countries targeted by the United States and its allies will remain
too weak, too isolated or too divided to effectively resist. But that
assumption is increasingly being tested.*

*Iran has made great strides in developing effective military defenses and
demonstrating to shocked US and Israeli officials that it can now defend
itself. But the deadly results of false ceasefires in Gaza and Lebanon
stand as concrete evidence that Israel and the United States still favor
low-intensity warfare over real peace. *

*Even as Trump presents himself as a peacemaker, he remains committed to
funding an enormous war machine
<https://breakthroughnews.org/2026/06/20/the-hidden-cost-of-the-us-military=
-the-real-budget-is-far-larger-than-reported/>
that
can ratchet the intensity of military and covert operations up and down in
different parts of the world as it adjusts to new forms of resistance and
responds to fluctuating international diplomatic pressures.*

*But the US-Israeli genocide
<https://genocidescholars.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/IAGS-Resolution-on=
-Gaza-FINAL.pdf>
in
Gaza opened the eyes of a new generation of people all over the world to
the reality of US imperialism. The official lies that undergird
low-intensity warfare are wearing dangerously thin. People are no longer
swallowing the false narratives of US and Western politicians and
establishment media.*

*US political, military and business leaders face a crisis of credibility
and legitimacy that only grows as they take off the gloves and ratchet up
the intensity of these campaigns, from escalating the war on Russia
<https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/6/18/ukraine-hits-moscow-refinery-as-z=
elenskyy-seeks-trump-support-to-end-war>
and
the brutal blockade of Cuba
<https://braveneweurope.com/medea-benjamin-suffocating-an-island-what-the-u=
-s-blockade-is-doing-to-cuba>
to murdering
<https://www.counterpunch.org/2025/12/23/whos-the-real-outlaw-at-sea-trumps=
-tanker-grab-vs-the-houthis-anti-genocide-blockade/>
innocent
fishermen and ferry passengers in the Caribbean and Pacific and threatening
<https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-denmark-greenland-arctic-defence-t=
rump-9.7089217>
traditional
allies like Canada and Denmark. *

*In the U.S.-Israeli war on Iran and the negotiations to end it, we are
witnessing a serious effort by an attacked country to stand up to the
bullies, redress the imbalance of power and uphold international law. *

*Whatever one thinks of the Iranian government, Iran=E2=80=99s pursuit of a=
 durable
peace based on sovereignty, security and international law deserves the
support of governments and people around the world, including Americans. *

*This moment could become a critical turning point in reining in U.S.
aggression and Israeli regional expansion. It could even give humanity a
chance to end this cycle of endless war and begin working together to
address the existential crises threatening the world in the 21st century.*

*As the people of the United States commemorate the 250th anniversary of
its founding, and the violence of the US empire comes home to attack us and
our neighbors <https://tomdispatch.com/ice-brings-the-war-home/> in our own
homes and streets, we should find common cause with, and learn from, our
neighbors around the world who have been resisting US imperial violence for
generations. *

*It is ultimately up to us to take our future in our own hands and begin
the  essential transition from empire to democracy.*

*That is why CODEPINK is calling for a Summer of Peace and Love, a time to
reject fear, militarism and empire, and to organize our communities around
the simple but radical demand that our country stop making war on the world
and start investing in life.*

--00000000000017b6b40654ebf120
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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir=
=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr"><b style=3D"font-family:georgia,serif;backgro=
und-color:transparent"><a href=3D"https://www.juancole.com/2026/06/challeng=
es-doctrine-intensity.html" target=3D"_blank">https://www.juancole.com/2026=
/06/challenges-doctrine-intensity.html</a></b></div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div d=
ir=3D"ltr"><div style=3D"font-family:georgia,serif"><b><br></b></div><div><=
h1 style=3D"font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;line-height:1.2141em;ma=
rgin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0.5em;max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><font =
size=3D"4"><i>Iran Challenges US Doctrine of Low-Intensity Warfare</i></fon=
t></h1><div style=3D"margin-bottom:1.45em;max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27=
)"><p style=3D"margin:0px;max-width:100%;display:inline"><b><font face=3D"g=
eorgia, serif"><span style=3D"margin:0px;max-width:100%;clear:both;display:=
inline"><a href=3D"https://www.juancole.com/author/codepink" rel=3D"author"=
 style=3D"text-decoration:none;margin:0px;color:rgb(27,27,27);max-width:100=
%;display:inline" target=3D"_blank"><span style=3D"margin:0px;max-width:100=
%">Medea Benjamin and Nicholas J.S. Davies</span></a></span><span>=C2=A0</s=
pan><span style=3D"margin:0.07em 0.45em 0px;padding:0px;max-width:100%;disp=
lay:inline"></span>06/23/2026</font></b></p></div><p style=3D"max-width:100=
%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">(<a href=3D"https:/=
/www.codepink.org/" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max=
-width:100%" target=3D"_blank"><span>=C2=A0</span>Code Pink<span>=C2=A0</sp=
an></a>) =E2=80=93 The 60-day extension of the ceasefire between the United=
 States and Iran may lead to lasting peace or it may be over within a week,=
 doomed by the dysfunctional alliance between the US and Israel. If it hold=
s, it could mark the beginning of a transition away from the doctrine of =
=E2=80=9Clow-intensity conflict=E2=80=9D that has shaped U.S. foreign polic=
y for decades.=C2=A0</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,=
27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">Talks between the US, Iran, Pakist=
an and Qatar<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/20=
26/6/21/us-iran-talks-in-switzerland-is-lebanon-top-of-agenda-who-is-attend=
ing" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" ta=
rget=3D"_blank">began</a><span>=C2=A0</span>in Switzerland on June 21st. Bu=
t Iran was firm that it holds the United States<a href=3D"https://www.aljaz=
eera.com/news/2026/6/19/israel-continues-attacks-on-lebanon-despite-agreein=
g-to-ceasefire" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-wid=
th:100%" target=3D"_blank"><span>=C2=A0</span>responsible</a><span>=C2=A0</=
span>for Israel=E2=80=99s violations of the US-Iran memorandum and cannot m=
ove forward with other parts of the agreement until the US fulfills its par=
t in Article 1, which requires an actual Israeli ceasefire and withdrawal f=
rom Lebanon.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)">=
<b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">If the memorandum agreed between Iran and =
the United States fails, the world will be left with vastly reduced oil and=
 gas supplies and a regional war between Iran, Israel and the United States=
 from Lebanon to the Persian Gulf. =C2=A0</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-wid=
th:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">This entire c=
risis is one more devastating result of the world community=E2=80=99s failu=
re to tame Israel=E2=80=99s war crimes and genocide or end its illegal occu=
pation of Palestine and attacks and invasions in neighboring countries =E2=
=80=93 all of which the United States continues to enable and support throu=
gh its military and diplomatic alliance and arming of the Israeli military.=
</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font fac=
e=3D"georgia, serif">Trump seems to understand the rapidly deteriorating po=
sition of the US and Israel, and to recognize that his own political future=
 now depends on extricating the US from the war on Iran that he and Netanya=
hu cooked up. Voices of peace from around the world<a href=3D"https://www.c=
odepink.org/trump_s_iran_deal_a_peace_activist_s_perspective" style=3D"text=
-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank"><s=
pan>=C2=A0</span>support</a><span>=C2=A0</span>the tentative ceasefire exte=
nsion and oppose efforts to sabotage it by politicians in Washington and Te=
l Aviv.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><f=
ont face=3D"georgia, serif">But to understand the roots of this crisis in U=
S foreign policy, we have to look back. Since the 1980s, aggressive US fore=
ign policy has dragged the Middle East and much of the world into a state t=
hat US military<a href=3D"https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/p=
olicy/army/fm/100-20/10020ch1.htm#s_9" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:=
rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank"><span>=C2=A0</span>planne=
rs</a><span>=C2=A0</span>call =E2=80=9Clow-intensity conflict=E2=80=9D or =
=E2=80=9CLIC.=E2=80=9D=C2=A0</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color=
:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">Under this doctrine, the U=
nited States, and now its prot=C3=A9g=C3=A9 Israel, claim the freedom of ac=
tion to use military force in flagrant and widespread violation of internat=
ional law, while deterring the rest of the world from mustering the politic=
al will to enforce the law or hold them accountable.</font></b></p><p style=
=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">Th=
e US doctrine of low-intensity conflict was a deliberate policy choice by t=
he Reagan administration in the 1980s, after the US defeat in Vietnam. Afte=
r Bush II and Cheney=E2=80=99s catastrophic full-scale US invasions of Afgh=
anistan and Iraq, Obama, Trump and Biden reverted to low-intensity warfare,=
 but globally expanded its scope.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;=
color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">This US choice to exp=
and low-intensity warfare followed the example and the techniques of the Br=
itish Empire in its final phase in the 1950s. From the Suez crisis to guerr=
illa war against communist revolutionaries in Malaya and Mau Mau torture ca=
mps in Kenya, the deliberate and deadly violence of Britain=E2=80=99s imper=
ial policies was hidden from its own people and the world behind a<a href=
=3D"https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/mar/13/legacy-of-violence-a-hist=
ory-of-the-british-empire-by-caroline-elkins-review-the-brutal-truth-about-=
britains-past" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-widt=
h:100%" target=3D"_blank"><span>=C2=A0</span>tapestry</a><span>=C2=A0</span=
>of lies.=C2=A0</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27=
)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">In 1989, Michael Klare and Peter Kornbl=
uh edited a book titled<span>=C2=A0</span><em style=3D"max-width:100%">Low-=
Intensity Warfare: How the USA Fights Wars Without Declaring Them.</em>=C2=
=A0</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font =
face=3D"georgia, serif">They<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://archive.o=
rg/details/lowintensitywarf0000unse/page/n263/mode/2up" style=3D"text-decor=
ation:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">wrote</a=
><span>=C2=A0</span>that the official description of low-intensity warfare =
was deliberately broad and ambiguous, embracing drug interdiction in Bolivi=
a, the occupation of Beirut, the invasion of Grenada, the airstrikes on Lib=
ya in 1986, as well as covert =E2=80=9Cspecial operations,=E2=80=9D =E2=80=
=9Cspecial activities,=E2=80=9D and =E2=80=9Cunconventional warfare.=E2=80=
=9D=C2=A0</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b>=
<font face=3D"georgia, serif">They concluded that low-intensity conflict wa=
s in fact =E2=80=9Ca strategic reorientation of the US military establishme=
nt, and renewed commitment to employ force in a global crusade against Thir=
d World revolutionary movements and governments.=E2=80=9D</font></b></p><p =
style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, seri=
f">Today=E2=80=99s nominal but false ceasefires in Gaza, Lebanon and the Pe=
rsian Gulf fit squarely within that doctrine. They allow the US and Israel =
to continue illegal uses of force while appearing to respond to internation=
al demands for negotiations and diplomacy.=C2=A0</font></b></p><p style=3D"=
max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">But th=
e US involvement in low-intensity conflict today is not limited to the Midd=
le East. It also encompasses the<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://www.a=
ljazeera.com/news/2026/6/18/ukraine-hits-moscow-refinery-as-zelenskyy-seeks=
-trump-support-to-end-war" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,2=
10);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">proxy war</a><span>=C2=A0</span>on Ru=
ssia centered in Ukraine; the savage, deadly<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"h=
ttps://braveneweurope.com/medea-benjamin-suffocating-an-island-what-the-u-s=
-blockade-is-doing-to-cuba" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,=
210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">siege</a><span>=C2=A0</span>of Cuba;=
 US and western<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://thepeacemonger.substac=
k.com/p/piracy-in-the-english-channel" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:=
rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">piracy</a><span>=C2=A0</s=
pan>on the high seas; the<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://www.aljazeer=
a.com/news/2026/1/5/venezuelas-abducted-leader-maduro-wife-to-appear-in-nyc=
-court" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%"=
 target=3D"_blank">kidnapping</a><span>=C2=A0</span>of President Maduro of =
Venezuela and his wife; and economic and financial coercive measures or =E2=
=80=9Csanctions=E2=80=9D that<a href=3D"https://sanctionskill.org/" style=
=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_b=
lank">impact</a><span>=C2=A0</span>about 40 countries.=C2=A0</font></b></p>=
<p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, s=
erif">Today=E2=80=99s low-intensity warfare also includes deploying US spec=
ial operations forces in up to<a href=3D"https://tomdispatch.com/nick-turse=
-america-s-commandos-what-did-they-do-and-where-did-they-do-it/" style=3D"t=
ext-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank"=
>140 countries</a>. Since 2001, US special operations forces claim to have =
suffered<a href=3D"https://www.war.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/17=
58218/special-operations-leaders-testify-before-senate-on-sof-global-postur=
e/" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" tar=
get=3D"_blank"><span>=C2=A0</span>40%</a><span>=C2=A0</span>of all US milit=
ary casualties, including many of the<a href=3D"http://icasualties.org/" st=
yle=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D=
"_blank"><span>=C2=A0</span>8,492</a><span>=C2=A0</span>American deaths in =
Iraq and Afghanistan.=C2=A0</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:=
rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">Concentrating such a large =
share of US war casualties in such a small force =E2=80=93 about 70,000 men=
 and women at any one time =E2=80=93 helps to give most American families t=
he illusion of living in peace, even as the United States projects military=
 force across the world and kills thousands, sometimes<a href=3D"https://ps=
r.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/body-count.pdf" style=3D"text-decoration:n=
one;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank"><span>=C2=A0</s=
pan>hundreds</a><span>=C2=A0</span>of thousands, of people abroad.</font></=
b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"geor=
gia, serif">The doctrine of low-intensity warfare depends on a fundamental =
assumption: that the countries targeted by the United States and its allies=
 will remain too weak, too isolated or too divided to effectively resist. B=
ut that assumption is increasingly being tested.</font></b></p><p style=3D"=
max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">Iran h=
as made great strides in developing effective military defenses and demonst=
rating to shocked US and Israeli officials that it can now defend itself. B=
ut the deadly results of false ceasefires in Gaza and Lebanon stand as conc=
rete evidence that Israel and the United States still favor low-intensity w=
arfare over real peace.=C2=A0</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;colo=
r:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">Even as Trump presents hi=
mself as a peacemaker, he remains committed to funding an enormous<a href=
=3D"https://breakthroughnews.org/2026/06/20/the-hidden-cost-of-the-us-milit=
ary-the-real-budget-is-far-larger-than-reported/" style=3D"text-decoration:=
none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank"><span>=C2=A0</=
span>war machine</a><span>=C2=A0</span>that can ratchet the intensity of mi=
litary and covert operations up and down in different parts of the world as=
 it adjusts to new forms of resistance and responds to fluctuating internat=
ional diplomatic pressures.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:=
rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">But the US-Israeli<span>=C2=
=A0</span><a href=3D"https://genocidescholars.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/0=
8/IAGS-Resolution-on-Gaza-FINAL.pdf" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rg=
b(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">genocide</a><span>=C2=A0</s=
pan>in Gaza opened the eyes of a new generation of people all over the worl=
d to the reality of US imperialism. The official lies that undergird low-in=
tensity warfare are wearing dangerously thin. People are no longer swallowi=
ng the false narratives of US and Western politicians and establishment med=
ia.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font =
face=3D"georgia, serif">US political, military and business leaders face a =
crisis of credibility and legitimacy that only grows as they take off the g=
loves and ratchet up the intensity of these campaigns, from escalating the =
war on<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/6/1=
8/ukraine-hits-moscow-refinery-as-zelenskyy-seeks-trump-support-to-end-war"=
 style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=
=3D"_blank">Russia</a><span>=C2=A0</span>and the brutal blockade of<span>=
=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://braveneweurope.com/medea-benjamin-suffocati=
ng-an-island-what-the-u-s-blockade-is-doing-to-cuba" style=3D"text-decorati=
on:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">Cuba</a><sp=
an>=C2=A0</span>to<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://www.counterpunch.or=
g/2025/12/23/whos-the-real-outlaw-at-sea-trumps-tanker-grab-vs-the-houthis-=
anti-genocide-blockade/" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210=
);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">murdering</a><span>=C2=A0</span>innocen=
t fishermen and ferry passengers in the Caribbean and Pacific and<span>=C2=
=A0</span><a href=3D"https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-denmark-greenl=
and-arctic-defence-trump-9.7089217" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb=
(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">threatening</a><span>=C2=A0<=
/span>traditional allies like Canada and Denmark.=C2=A0</font></b></p><p st=
yle=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif"=
>In the U.S.-Israeli war on Iran and the negotiations to end it, we are wit=
nessing a serious effort by an attacked country to stand up to the bullies,=
 redress the imbalance of power and uphold international law.=C2=A0</font><=
/b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"geo=
rgia, serif">Whatever one thinks of the Iranian government, Iran=E2=80=99s =
pursuit of a durable peace based on sovereignty, security and international=
 law deserves the support of governments and people around the world, inclu=
ding Americans.=C2=A0</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27=
,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">This moment could become a critic=
al turning point in reining in U.S. aggression and Israeli regional expansi=
on. It could even give humanity a chance to end this cycle of endless war a=
nd begin working together to address the existential crises threatening the=
 world in the 21st century.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:=
rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">As the people of the United=
 States commemorate the 250th anniversary of its founding, and the violence=
 of the US empire comes home to attack us and our<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=
=3D"https://tomdispatch.com/ice-brings-the-war-home/" style=3D"text-decorat=
ion:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">neighbors<=
/a><span>=C2=A0</span>in our own homes and streets, we should find common c=
ause with, and learn from, our neighbors around the world who have been res=
isting US imperial violence for generations.=C2=A0</font></b></p><p style=
=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">It=
 is ultimately up to us to take our future in our own hands and begin the=
=C2=A0 essential transition from empire to democracy.</font></b></p><p styl=
e=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">T=
hat is why CODEPINK is calling for a Summer of Peace and Love, a time to re=
ject fear, militarism and empire, and to organize our communities around th=
e simple but radical demand that our country stop making war on the world a=
nd start investing in life.</font></b></p></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>

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No More Mr. Nice Iranian Guy - We Killed Him
<https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3D773818&post_id=3D20322=
6903&utm_source=3Dpost-email-title&utm_campaign=3Demail-post-title&isFreema=
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mh4>Why
He Never Closed the Straits

Andrew Cockburn <https://substack.com/@spoilsofwar>
Jun 23
=E2=88=99
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Ever since I got my hands on a secret study conducted by an Operational
Intelligence Cell attached to U.S. Army headquarters in Baghdad in 2007,
I=E2=80=99ve been reporting that assassinating enemy leadership figures is =
an
entirely counterproductive exercise. Based on data attendant on several
hundred killings of Iraqi insurgent leaders by the U.S., the study found
that such eliminations, offically known as the =E2=80=9CHVI (High Value Ind=
ividual)
Strategy=E2=80=9D immediately generated an escalation of attacks on America=
n
occupation forces - by an average of 40 percent in the immediate
neighborhood, and by still significant percentages further away. *Furthermo=
re,
the new leadership that inevitably and swiftly took over was invariably
more aggressive and motivated.* Briefing the high command, the study=E2=80=
=99s
principal author offered a bleak conclusion: =E2=80=9CHVI Strategy, our pri=
ncipal
strategy in Iraq, is counterproductive and needs to be reevaluated.=E2=80=
=9D

Needless to say, the strategy was not reevaluated, instead receiving ever
greater investment from the U.S. military machine, culminating in the
strike on the first day of the warthat killed the Iranian Supreme Leader
Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and a host of other senior regime figures.

The consequences were immediate, and totally predictable. Not only did a
new leadership swiftly take control, but the semi-pacific policies directed
by Khamenei over the course of many years were abandoned forthwith. In
October, 2003, Khamenei had issued a Fatwa - a religious injunction
carrying the force of law - forbidding the development and production of
any weapons of mass destruction. As the U.S. intelligence community
concluded in 2007, (and maintained ever since) a nascent Iranian nuclear
weapon program was immediately terminated. The uranium enrichment program
that continued was apparently inspired by Khamenei=E2=80=99s misguided noti=
on that
going through the motions of developing a weapon (by enriching) would
adequately substitute for the real thing in terms of deterrence.

Fatwas die with their author, so Khamenei=E2=80=99s injunction is defunct. =
Whether
or not Iran=E2=80=99s new rulers wish to follow the North Korean example an=
d
develop a weapon we do not know, but we do know they have deployed a weapon
of mass economic destruction, one that was eschewed by Khamenei
religious/legal grounds.

Given the devastating effects of closing the Straits of Hormuz, cutting off
20 percent of the world=E2=80=99s oil and gas supply at a stroke, thereby d=
ragging
Donald Trump to the negotiating table, it seems remarkable that Iran has
not unleashed this WMD before. After all, the country has been under siege
for many decades, including the eight years of bloody war with Iraq,
fomented and supplied by Iran=E2=80=99s western enemies. The increasingly c=
rippling
economic sanctions inflicted on the excuse of a (non-existent) Iranian
nuclear weapons program would have been justification enough for Iran to
counter-attack with its own devastating sanctions weapon. Requiring,as
recently demonstrated, little more than an announcement that the strait was
closed, along with an indication that the waters had been mined - quite
enough for the London marine insurance market to issue its own Fatwa
against shipping in the Strait.

So why the forbearance? No one I consulted seems to know. The most informed
explanation comes from Chas Freeman, formerly ambassador to Saudi Arabia
and America=E2=80=99s most distinguished and knowledgeable diplomat, certai=
nly on
middle east affairs. =E2=80=9CPart of the answer,=E2=80=9D he emailed me, i=
s =E2=80=9Cundoubtedly
to be found in the Islamic legal tradition, rooted in the Qur=E2=80=99an, t=
hat
frames the sea as a divine commons created for the benefit of all humanity.
Early Islamic treaties explicitly incorporated the idea of freedom of
navigation.=E2=80=9D This Islamic tradition, he pointed out, In many ways
anticipated the doctrine of =E2=80=9CMare Liberum=E2=80=9D or =E2=80=9Cfree=
dom of the sea=E2=80=9D
pronounced by the great Dutch legal scholar Hugo Grotius in the early 17th
century. Adopted by western powers as a fundamental principle of
international law, it forbade states from claiming sovereignty over the
sea. The law of the sea imposed by the Americans and British in the 1980s,
enforced much the same idea - =E2=80=9Cnow in jeopardy=E2=80=9D according t=
o Freeman.

So there we have it: faced with a regime governed at the highest level with
adherence to legal principle, the U.S. and its Israeli partner, themselves
determinedly uncaring for law of any kind, did away with an obstacle that
prevented Iran developing or deploying its most potent weapons.

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splay:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;max-width:0px;min-height:18px"></d=
iv><span style=3D"vertical-align:middle;margin-right:4px">READ IN APP</span=
><img src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ET-_!,w_36,c_scale,f_p=
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d" style=3D"min-width: 18px; min-height: 18px; border-width: medium; border=
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td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table=
></td></tr><tr height=3D"16"><td height=3D"16" style=3D"font-size:0px;line-=
height:0">=C2=A0</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div dir=3D"auto" sty=
le=3D"padding:32px 0px 0px;line-height:26px"><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"tex=
t-align:initial;line-height:26px;width:550px;word-break:break-word;margin-b=
ottom:16px"><p style=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height=
:26px">Ever since I got my hands on a secret study conducted by an Operatio=
nal Intelligence Cell attached to U.S. Army headquarters in Baghdad in 2007=
, I=E2=80=99ve been reporting that assassinating enemy leadership figures i=
s an entirely counterproductive exercise. Based on data attendant on severa=
l hundred killings of Iraqi insurgent leaders by the U.S., the study found =
that such eliminations, offically known as the =E2=80=9CHVI (High Value Ind=
ividual) Strategy=E2=80=9D immediately generated an escalation of attacks o=
n American occupation forces - by an average of 40 percent in the immediate=
 neighborhood, and by still significant percentages further away.=C2=A0<em>=
Furthermore, the new leadership that inevitably and swiftly took over was i=
nvariably more aggressive and motivated.</em>=C2=A0Briefing the high comman=
d, the study=E2=80=99s principal author offered a bleak conclusion: =E2=80=
=9CHVI Strategy, our principal strategy in Iraq, is counterproductive and n=
eeds to be reevaluated.=E2=80=9D</p><p style=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;color:r=
gb(54,55,55);line-height:26px">Needless to say, the strategy was not reeval=
uated, instead receiving ever greater investment from the U.S. military mac=
hine, culminating in the strike on the first day of the warthat killed the =
Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei and a host of other senior re=
gime figures.</p><p style=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-h=
eight:26px">The consequences were immediate, and totally predictable. Not o=
nly did a new leadership swiftly take control, but the semi-pacific policie=
s directed by Khamenei over the course of many years were abandoned forthwi=
th. In October, 2003, Khamenei had issued a Fatwa - a religious injunction =
carrying the force of law - forbidding the development and production of an=
y weapons of mass destruction. As the U.S. intelligence community concluded=
 in 2007, (and maintained ever since) a nascent Iranian nuclear weapon prog=
ram was immediately terminated. The uranium enrichment program that continu=
ed was apparently inspired by Khamenei=E2=80=99s misguided notion that goin=
g through the motions of developing a weapon (by enriching) would adequatel=
y substitute for the real thing in terms of deterrence.</p><p style=3D"marg=
in:0px 0px 20px;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px">Fatwas die with their=
 author, so Khamenei=E2=80=99s injunction is defunct. Whether or not Iran=
=E2=80=99s new rulers wish to follow the North Korean example and develop a=
 weapon we do not know, but we do know they have deployed a weapon of mass =
economic destruction, one that was eschewed by Khamenei religious/legal gro=
unds.</p><p style=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26=
px">Given the devastating effects of closing the Straits of Hormuz, cutting=
 off 20 percent of the world=E2=80=99s oil and gas supply at a stroke, ther=
eby dragging Donald Trump to the negotiating table, it seems remarkable tha=
t Iran has not unleashed this WMD before. After all, the country has been u=
nder siege for many decades, including the eight years of bloody war with I=
raq, fomented and supplied by Iran=E2=80=99s western enemies. The increasin=
gly crippling economic sanctions inflicted on the excuse of a (non-existent=
) Iranian nuclear weapons program would have been justification enough for =
Iran to counter-attack with its own devastating sanctions weapon. Requiring=
,as recently demonstrated, little more than an announcement that the strait=
 was closed, along with an indication that the waters had been mined - quit=
e enough for the London marine insurance market to issue its own Fatwa agai=
nst shipping in the Strait.</p><p style=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;color:rgb(54=
,55,55);line-height:26px">So why the forbearance? No one I consulted seems =
to know. The most informed explanation comes from Chas Freeman, formerly am=
bassador to Saudi Arabia and America=E2=80=99s most distinguished and knowl=
edgeable diplomat, certainly on middle east affairs. =E2=80=9CPart of the a=
nswer,=E2=80=9D he emailed me, is =E2=80=9Cundoubtedly to be found in the I=
slamic legal tradition, rooted in the Qur=E2=80=99an, that frames the sea a=
s a divine commons created for the benefit of all humanity. Early Islamic t=
reaties explicitly incorporated the idea of freedom of navigation.=E2=80=9D=
 This Islamic tradition, he pointed out, In many ways anticipated the doctr=
ine of =E2=80=9CMare Liberum=E2=80=9D or =E2=80=9Cfreedom of the sea=E2=80=
=9D pronounced by the great Dutch legal scholar Hugo Grotius in the early 1=
7th century. Adopted by western powers as a fundamental principle of intern=
ational law, it forbade states from claiming sovereignty over the sea. The =
law of the sea imposed by the Americans and British in the 1980s, enforced =
much the same idea - =E2=80=9Cnow in jeopardy=E2=80=9D according to Freeman=
.</p><p style=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px">=
So there we have it: faced with a regime governed at the highest level with=
 adherence to legal principle, the U.S. and its Israeli partner, themselves=
 determinedly uncaring for law of any kind, did away with an obstacle that =
prevented Iran developing or deploying its most potent weapons.</p><p style=
=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px"></p><p style=
=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px"></p><p style=
=3D"margin:0px;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px"></p></div></div><div s=
tyle=3D"margin:32px 0px 0px;width:550px;box-sizing:border-box;border-top:1p=
x solid rgb(230,230,230);line-height:26px"></div><div style=3D"text-align:i=
nitial;word-break:break-word;margin:32px 0px;line-height:26px"><p style=3D"=
color:rgb(54,55,55);text-align:center;width:384px;line-height:26px;max-widt=
h:384px;margin:auto"></p><h4 style=3D"font-family:&quot;SF Pro Display&quot=
;,-apple-system-headline,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;S=
egoe UI&quot;,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,&quot;Apple Color Emoji&quo=
t;,&quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;,&quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;;margin:1em 0px 0.=
625em;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:1.16em;text-align:center">Invite your=
 friends and earn rewards</h4><div style=3D"line-height:26px;text-align:cen=
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TRUMP BREAKS WITH BIBI
<https://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3D1377040&post_id=3D2032=
64222&utm_source=3Dpost-email-title&utm_campaign=3Demail-post-title&isFreem=
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YJM>The
memorandum of understanding between the US and Iran marks a historic ruptur=
e

Seymour Hersh <https://substack.com/@seymourhersh>
Jun 23
=E2=88=99
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President
Donald Trump receives a tour of Chateau de Versailles from French President
Emmanuel Macron. / Photo by Anna Moneymaker/Getty Images.

Last week President Donald Trump walked away from a postwar alliance dating
back almost eight decades by telling Israeli prime minister Benjamin
Netanyahu that America=E2=80=99s romance with Israel is over. The bond betw=
een the
two nations, officially dating back to 1948, when Israel was recognized by
the United Nations, was shredded. Perhaps forever. Trump has told the *New
York Times* and its columnists who bemoan what they fear will be a bereft
and vulnerable Israel, in constant peril from a potential Iranian nuclear
weapon, that Israel is on its own.

It had been an American political ritual, like kissing babies when
campaigning, to support Israel in all things, as did President Joe Biden
after the horrific Hamas attack inside Israel on October 7, 2023. There was
no second guessing then from Washington, only a commitment of US arms, as
Netanyahu initiated what would become years of bombing in Gaza, a campaign
that has killed tens of thousands of Palestinian women and children,
leading to public censure of Israel around the world.

Trump has done little in his second term to push Israel to stop either its
bombing or the constant encroachment of the Israeli military into Gaza,
where it now controls as much as 70 percent of the territory. Nor has he
raised significant opposition to the steadily increasing Israeli settler
violence and plundering of long-held Palestinian property in the West Bank.

But such support no longer provides solace to the now shell shocked and
frightened Israeli public because a US president has finally drawn the line
as Netanyahu, defying Washington and the terms of the recent memorandum of
understanding with Tehran, has continued to bomb in the south of Lebanon.
Israel, which has no reserves of oil, was daring to interfere with Trump=E2=
=80=99s
master plan, as seen in the US intervention in Venezuela, to gain control
of a majority of the world=E2=80=99s oil. Iran has more than 200 billion ba=
rrels of
oil in proven reserves, behind only Venezuela and Saudi Arabia. =E2=80=9CTr=
ump
believes,=E2=80=9D I was told by a knowledgeable US official, =E2=80=9Cthat=
 if you can
control the oil you can control the world. That=E2=80=99s his life=E2=80=94=
control.=E2=80=9D

An Israeli combat hero, whom I=E2=80=99ve known for decades, and who over t=
he years
has repeatedly expressed admiration for the United States, bitterly
described Trump=E2=80=99s actions in =E2=80=9Creorienting=E2=80=9D its Midd=
le East policy to make
Iran the lynch pin as a =E2=80=9Cbetrayal of Israel by our best ally.=E2=80=
=9D He added,
sadly, that =E2=80=9CIran has oil and control of two waterways,=E2=80=9D re=
ferring to the
Strait of Hormuz and a second choke point in the Horn of Africa off Yemen,
an Iranian ally. =E2=80=9CThis will not be Bibi=E2=80=99s final blow,=E2=80=
=9D the Israeli added,
referring to criminal charges against the Prime Minister that are still
pending.

My understanding of the current reasoning of Trump and Vice President JD
Vance, who has emerged as the president=E2=80=99s well-spoken envoy and con=
fidant
on all things Iranian and, now, oil, is that Netanyahu=E2=80=99s expanding =
air and
ground war in Lebanon was seen in Washington as an unwanted obstacle to US
rapprochement with the Iranian leadership. =E2=80=9CIf Bibi can=E2=80=99t w=
in in Gaza=E2=80=9D over
Hamas, I was told by the US official, =E2=80=9Chow can he beat the Iranians=
? Trump
has done something no one else could do=E2=80=94he has taken on Bibi, who
overplayed his hand. Israel is no longer a dominant issue and Trump is
telling Bibi, =E2=80=98My place in the world is more important than your pl=
ace.=E2=80=99=E2=80=9D

If all goes as planned, the official added, with the opening of the Strait
of Hormuz and agreements yet to be negotiated on the elimination or
dismantling of Iran=E2=80=99s underground stockpile of enriched uranium, ma=
ny of
the scores of Iranian billions in sanctioned funds will be put into
reconstruction, in some cases provided by=E2=80=94and this was said with no
hesitation and no winking=E2=80=94Saudi Arabian construction companies appr=
oved by
the United States.

He added that the key point is that =E2=80=9CIran=E2=80=99s money will be s=
pent in Arab
countries, buying Arab goods and services. No cash for Iran=E2=80=94only go=
ods and
services. All contracts will be finally approved by the United States. We
are using the [Republican] Guard=E2=80=99s money to help the citizens; not =
the
regime.

=E2=80=9CThis is not going to be a Marshall Plan,=E2=80=9D the official sai=
d, adding that
no federal funding will be involved in the reconstruction. He told me that
Pakistan was chosen as the site for the initial negotiations between the
Trump administration and Iran because it is a major purchaser of Iranian
oil today and thus has =E2=80=9Can incentive to keep oil flowing.=E2=80=9D

The *Wall Street Journal* similarly reported last week that billions in
sanctioned Iranian money will be made available to Tehran for humanitarian
purposes. (Trump said this week on Truth Social that the early release of
funds will be used only on the purchase of US food and medicine.)
Presumably some of the many billions in frozen Iranian funds will be
released in return for Iranian cooperation in the current talks about the
partially enriched nuclear material in Iran=E2=80=99s possession.

If that does happen, it could calm the citizens of Israel and enable them
to stop listening to and voting for the religious fanatics who have kept
Netanyahu in office and away from the courts, while extolling extreme
brutality for those held in Israeli prisons.

At this crucial time for Israel, however, it is the religious fanatics who
are doing the talking, and the scheming and the threatening, as a
traumatized nation awaits a future without the prime minister who turned
their nation into an international pariah.

Meanwhile, changes are coming for Iran.

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tion:none">TRUMP BREAKS WITH BIBI</a></h1><h3 dir=3D"auto" style=3D"font-fa=
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Symbol&quot;;font-weight:normal;margin:12px 0px 0px;color:rgb(119,119,119);=
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e US and Iran marks a historic rupture</h3><table role=3D"presentation" wid=
th=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D"margi=
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system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,Roboto,Helv=
etica,Arial,sans-serif,&quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;,&quot;Segoe UI Emoji&q=
uot;,&quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.=
2px"><a href=3D"https://substack.com/@seymourhersh" target=3D"_blank" style=
=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);list-style:none;margin:0px;line-height:20px;letter-=
spacing:0.2px;text-decoration:none">Seymour Hersh</a></div></td></tr></tbod=
y></table></td></tr><tr><td><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" bor=
der=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"verti=
cal-align:middle"><div style=3D"list-style:none;font-size:11px;line-height:=
20px;text-decoration:unset;color:rgb(119,119,119);margin:0px;font-family:&q=
uot;SF Compact&quot;,-apple-system,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFo=
nt,&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,&quot;Apple Color=
 Emoji&quot;,&quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;,&quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;;text-tr=
ansform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.2px">Jun 23</div></td><td width=3D"4" st=
yle=3D"min-width:4px"></td><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle"><table role=
=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=
=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle"><div style=3D"list-st=
yle:none;font-size:11px;line-height:20px;text-decoration:unset;color:rgb(11=
9,119,119);margin:0px;font-family:&quot;SF Compact&quot;,-apple-system,syst=
em-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,Roboto,Helvetic=
a,Arial,sans-serif,&quot;Apple Color Emoji&quot;,&quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;=
,&quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.2px"=
>=E2=88=99</div></td><td width=3D"4" style=3D"min-width:4px"></td><td style=
=3D"vertical-align:middle"><div style=3D"list-style:none;font-size:11px;lin=
e-height:20px;text-decoration:unset;color:rgb(94,73,217);margin:0px;font-fa=
mily:&quot;SF Compact&quot;,-apple-system,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacS=
ystemFont,&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,&quot;Appl=
e Color Emoji&quot;,&quot;Segoe UI Emoji&quot;,&quot;Segoe UI Symbol&quot;;=
text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:0.2px">Paid</div></td></tr></tbody>=
</table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td align=
=3D"right"><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspa=
cing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle"=
><a href=3D"https://substack.com/@seymourhersh" target=3D"_blank"><img src=
=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s62z!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_pro=
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2Fimages%2F9bbe858d-9ba2-49fc-a3d0-8ce15f53d936_144x144.png" width=3D"40" h=
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40px; min-width: 40px; min-height: 40px; object-fit: cover; margin: 0px; di=
splay: inline; border-radius: 50%;"></a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr=
></tbody></table><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" c=
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ight=3D"16"><td height=3D"16" style=3D"font-size:0px;line-height:0">=C2=A0<=
/td></tr><tr><td><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" c=
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oiaHR0cHM6Ly9vcGVuLnN1YnN0YWNrLmNvbS9wdWIvc2V5bW91cmhlcnNoL3AvdHJ1bXAtYnJlY=
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le=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpaddi=
ng=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td align=3D"center"><a href=3D"https://open.substack.c=
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ine-block;vertical-align:middle;max-width:0px;min-height:18px"></div><span =
style=3D"vertical-align:middle;margin-right:4px">READ IN APP</span><img src=
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</tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></=
tr><tr height=3D"16"><td height=3D"16" style=3D"font-size:0px;line-height:0=
">=C2=A0</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"pa=
dding:32px 0px 0px;line-height:26px"><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"text-align:=
initial;line-height:26px;width:550px;word-break:break-word;margin-bottom:16=
px"><div style=3D"line-height:26px;margin:0px auto 32px"><table width=3D"10=
0%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=
=3D"text-align:center"></td><td align=3D"left" width=3D"1456" style=3D"text=
-align:center"><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/18f652fc-a82a-425c-=
bb9a-121cfc5ead61?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMWVvZ2IifQ.JilZISJaTbu7B2wLCo3fGMYZ8454lcFEiX=
YqlZtxvOc" target=3D"_blank" style=3D"padding:0px;width:auto;height:auto;bo=
rder-width:medium;border-style:none;border-color:currentcolor;text-decorati=
on:none;display:block;margin:0px"><img alt=3D"" width=3D"550" height=3D"366=
.7925824175824" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XZ1v!,w_1100=
,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-pos=
t-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F778716c2-0ad9-4358-8c7c-20eb3d=
29af5f_5546x3698.jpeg" class=3D"gmail-CToWUd" style=3D"vertical-align: midd=
le; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 100%; border=
-width: medium; border-style: none; border-color: currentcolor; border-imag=
e: initial; width: auto;"></a></td><td style=3D"text-align:center"></td></t=
r></tbody></table>President Donald Trump receives a tour of Chateau de Vers=
ailles from French President Emmanuel Macron. / Photo by Anna Moneymaker/Ge=
tty Images.</div><p style=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-h=
eight:26px">Last week President Donald Trump walked away from a postwar all=
iance dating back almost eight decades by telling Israeli prime minister Be=
njamin Netanyahu that America=E2=80=99s romance with Israel is over. The bo=
nd between the two nations, officially dating back to 1948, when Israel was=
 recognized by the United Nations, was shredded. Perhaps forever. Trump has=
 told the=C2=A0<em>New York Times</em>=C2=A0and its columnists who bemoan w=
hat they fear will be a bereft and vulnerable Israel, in constant peril fro=
m a potential Iranian nuclear weapon, that Israel is on its own.</p><p styl=
e=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px">It had been =
an American political ritual, like kissing babies when campaigning, to supp=
ort Israel in all things, as did President Joe Biden after the horrific Ham=
as attack inside Israel on October 7, 2023. There was no second guessing th=
en from Washington, only a commitment of US arms, as Netanyahu initiated wh=
at would become years of bombing in Gaza, a campaign that has killed tens o=
f thousands of Palestinian women and children, leading to public censure of=
 Israel around the world.</p><p style=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;color:rgb(54,5=
5,55);line-height:26px">Trump has done little in his second term to push Is=
rael to stop either its bombing or the constant encroachment of the Israeli=
 military into Gaza, where it now controls as much as 70 percent of the ter=
ritory. Nor has he raised significant opposition to the steadily increasing=
 Israeli settler violence and plundering of long-held Palestinian property =
in the West Bank.</p><p style=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;color:rgb(54,55,55);li=
ne-height:26px">But such support no longer provides solace to the now shell=
 shocked and frightened Israeli public because a US president has finally d=
rawn the line as Netanyahu, defying Washington and the terms of the recent =
memorandum of understanding with Tehran, has continued to bomb in the south=
 of Lebanon. Israel, which has no reserves of oil, was daring to interfere =
with Trump=E2=80=99s master plan, as seen in the US intervention in Venezue=
la, to gain control of a majority of the world=E2=80=99s oil. Iran has more=
 than 200 billion barrels of oil in proven reserves, behind only Venezuela =
and Saudi Arabia. =E2=80=9CTrump believes,=E2=80=9D I was told by a knowled=
geable US official, =E2=80=9Cthat if you can control the oil you can contro=
l the world. That=E2=80=99s his life=E2=80=94control.=E2=80=9D</p><p style=
=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px">An Israeli co=
mbat hero, whom I=E2=80=99ve known for decades, and who over the years has =
repeatedly expressed admiration for the United States, bitterly described T=
rump=E2=80=99s actions in =E2=80=9Creorienting=E2=80=9D its Middle East pol=
icy to make Iran the lynch pin as a =E2=80=9Cbetrayal of Israel by our best=
 ally.=E2=80=9D He added, sadly, that =E2=80=9CIran has oil and control of =
two waterways,=E2=80=9D referring to the Strait of Hormuz and a second chok=
e point in the Horn of Africa off Yemen, an Iranian ally. =E2=80=9CThis wil=
l not be Bibi=E2=80=99s final blow,=E2=80=9D the Israeli added, referring t=
o criminal charges against the Prime Minister that are still pending.</p><p=
 style=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px">My unde=
rstanding of the current reasoning of Trump and Vice President JD Vance, wh=
o has emerged as the president=E2=80=99s well-spoken envoy and confidant on=
 all things Iranian and, now, oil, is that Netanyahu=E2=80=99s expanding ai=
r and ground war in Lebanon was seen in Washington as an unwanted obstacle =
to US rapprochement with the Iranian leadership. =E2=80=9CIf Bibi can=E2=80=
=99t win in Gaza=E2=80=9D over Hamas, I was told by the US official, =E2=80=
=9Chow can he beat the Iranians? Trump has done something no one else could=
 do=E2=80=94he has taken on Bibi, who overplayed his hand. Israel is no lon=
ger a dominant issue and Trump is telling Bibi, =E2=80=98My place in the wo=
rld is more important than your place.=E2=80=99=E2=80=9D</p><p style=3D"mar=
gin:0px 0px 20px;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px">If all goes as plann=
ed, the official added, with the opening of the Strait of Hormuz and agreem=
ents yet to be negotiated on the elimination or dismantling of Iran=E2=80=
=99s underground stockpile of enriched uranium, many of the scores of Irani=
an billions in sanctioned funds will be put into reconstruction, in some ca=
ses provided by=E2=80=94and this was said with no hesitation and no winking=
=E2=80=94Saudi Arabian construction companies approved by the United States=
.</p><p style=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px">=
He added that the key point is that =E2=80=9CIran=E2=80=99s money will be s=
pent in Arab countries, buying Arab goods and services. No cash for Iran=E2=
=80=94only goods and services. All contracts will be finally approved by th=
e United States. We are using the [Republican] Guard=E2=80=99s money to hel=
p the citizens; not the regime.</p><p style=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;color:rg=
b(54,55,55);line-height:26px">=E2=80=9CThis is not going to be a Marshall P=
lan,=E2=80=9D the official said, adding that no federal funding will be inv=
olved in the reconstruction. He told me that Pakistan was chosen as the sit=
e for the initial negotiations between the Trump administration and Iran be=
cause it is a major purchaser of Iranian oil today and thus has =E2=80=9Can=
 incentive to keep oil flowing.=E2=80=9D</p><p style=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px=
;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px">The=C2=A0<em>Wall Street Journal</em=
>=C2=A0similarly reported last week that billions in sanctioned Iranian mon=
ey will be made available to Tehran for humanitarian purposes. (Trump said =
this week on Truth Social that the early release of funds will be used only=
 on the purchase of US food and medicine.) Presumably some of the many bill=
ions in frozen Iranian funds will be released in return for Iranian coopera=
tion in the current talks about the partially enriched nuclear material in =
Iran=E2=80=99s possession.</p><p style=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;color:rgb(54,=
55,55);line-height:26px">If that does happen, it could calm the citizens of=
 Israel and enable them to stop listening to and voting for the religious f=
anatics who have kept Netanyahu in office and away from the courts, while e=
xtolling extreme brutality for those held in Israeli prisons.</p><p style=
=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px">At this cruci=
al time for Israel, however, it is the religious fanatics who are doing the=
 talking, and the scheming and the threatening, as a traumatized nation awa=
its a future without the prime minister who turned their nation into an int=
ernational pariah.</p><p style=3D"margin:0px;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-heigh=
t:26px">Meanwhile, changes are coming for Iran.</p></div></div><div style=
=3D"margin:32px 0px 0px;width:550px;box-sizing:border-box;border-top:1px so=
lid rgb(230,230,230);line-height:26px"></div><div style=3D"text-align:initi=
al;word-break:break-word;margin:32px 0px;line-height:26px"><p style=3D"colo=
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Subject: [Salon] Ranked: Tax Revenue as a Share of GDP by Country
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https://www.visualcapitalist.com/ranked-tax-revenue-as-a-share-of-gdp-by-co=
untry/

Economy <https://www.visualcapitalist.com/category/economy/>Ranked: Tax
Revenue as a Share of GDP by Country

Published
 1 day ago

on
 June 22, 2026

By
 Gabriel Cohen <https://www.visualcapitalist.com/author/gabriel-cohen/>

<https://www.voronoiapp.com/> See more visualizations like this on the
Voronoi <https://www.voronoiapp.com/> app.
[image: Graphic ranking OECD countries by their tax revenue as a percentage
of GDP.]

Use This Visualization
<https://licensing.visualcapitalist.com/product/ranked-tax-revenue-as-a-sha=
re-of-gdp-by-country/>

   -
   <https://www.visualcapitalist.com/ranked-tax-revenue-as-a-share-of-gdp-b=
y-country/#>
   -
   <https://www.visualcapitalist.com/ranked-tax-revenue-as-a-share-of-gdp-b=
y-country/#>
   -
   <https://www.visualcapitalist.com/ranked-tax-revenue-as-a-share-of-gdp-b=
y-country/#>
   -
   <https://www.visualcapitalist.com/ranked-tax-revenue-as-a-share-of-gdp-b=
y-country/#>
   -
   <https://www.visualcapitalist.com/ranked-tax-revenue-as-a-share-of-gdp-b=
y-country/#>
   -
   <https://www.visualcapitalist.com/ranked-tax-revenue-as-a-share-of-gdp-b=
y-country/#>

Ranked: Tax Revenue as a Share of GDP by Country

*See visuals like this from many other data creators on our Voronoi app
<https://www.voronoiapp.com/>. Download it for free on iOS
<https://apps.apple.com/ca/app/voronoi-app/id6447905904> or Android
<https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=3Dcom.voronoi.organization.a=
pp&pli=3D1>
and
discover incredible data-driven charts from a variety of trusted sources.*
Key Takeaways

   - Nineteen of the top 20 OECD countries by tax revenue as a share of GDP
   are in Europe.
   - Denmark collects the most tax revenue relative to the size of its
   economy at 45.2% of GDP.
   - The U.S. ranks near the bottom of the OECD, collecting 25.6% of GDP in
   tax revenue.

How much of a country=E2=80=99s economy ends up in government coffers? Acro=
ss the
OECD, the answer ranges from less than one-fifth of GDP to nearly half.

The visualization above ranks all 38 OECD member countries by tax revenue
as a share of GDP using the latest available OECD data
<https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/revenue-statistics-2025_3a264267-en.h=
tml>.
The figures include personal income, corporate, property, value-added
(VAT), social security, consumption, and other taxes.

On average, OECD members collect *34.1%* of GDP in tax revenue.
Europe: High Taxes, High Support

Of the top 20 countries by tax revenue as a percentage of GDP, the first 19
are European. Denmark leads the way with 45.2%, followed by France at 43.5%
and Austria at 43.4%.

While a majority of OECD countries are in Europe, their concentration at
the top reflects a postwar social-economic model that uses higher taxes to
help fund public education, healthcare, pensions, and labor systems.

This data table lists OECD countries by tax revenue as a percentage of GDP.
10212550100entries per page
Search:
Rank
Country
2024 Tax Revenue (% of GDP)
1 =F0=9F=87=A9=F0=9F=87=B0 Denmark 45.2%
2 =F0=9F=87=AB=F0=9F=87=B7 France 43.5%
3 =F0=9F=87=A6=F0=9F=87=B9 Austria 43.4%
4 =F0=9F=87=AE=F0=9F=87=B9 Italy 42.8%
5 =F0=9F=87=A7=F0=9F=87=AA Belgium 42.6%
6 =F0=9F=87=AB=F0=9F=87=AE Finland 42.2%
7 =F0=9F=87=B1=F0=9F=87=BA Luxembourg 41.5%
8 =F0=9F=87=B8=F0=9F=87=AA Sweden 41.4%
9 =F0=9F=87=B3=F0=9F=87=B4 Norway 40.2%
10 =F0=9F=87=AC=F0=9F=87=B7 Greece 39.8%
11 =F0=9F=87=B3=F0=9F=87=B1 Netherlands 38.5%
12 =F0=9F=87=B8=F0=9F=87=AE Slovenia 38.3%
13 =F0=9F=87=A9=F0=9F=87=AA Germany 38.0%
14 =F0=9F=87=AE=F0=9F=87=B8 Iceland 36.9%
15 =F0=9F=87=AA=F0=9F=87=B8 Spain 36.7%
16 =F0=9F=87=B5=F0=9F=87=B1 Poland 36.6%
17 =F0=9F=87=B8=F0=9F=87=B0 Slovak Republic 35.6%
18 =F0=9F=87=AA=F0=9F=87=AA Estonia 35.2%
19 =F0=9F=87=B5=F0=9F=87=B9 Portugal 35.1%
20 =F0=9F=87=A8=F0=9F=87=A6 Canada 34.9%
21 =F0=9F=87=B1=F0=9F=87=BB Latvia 34.9%

--
=F0=9F=8C=90 OECD Avg
34.1%
Showing 1 to 21 of 38 entries
=E2=80=B912=E2=80=BA

Most European countries fall within this general social market system,
including the major economies of Germany (38%), Italy (42.8%), Spain
(36.7%), and the United Kingdom (34.4%).

However, the specific taxes levied can vary widely between countries.
Denmark, for example, has high taxes on personal income but relatively low
taxation on corporations and consumption.
The European Outliers

Only a few European countries bring in less tax revenue than the OECD
average of 34.1%. These include Czechia (34%), Lithuania (33.1%),
Switzerland (27.2%), and Ireland (21.7%).

Ireland and Switzerland in particular serve as regional outliers, and they
have used this to their advantage. Ireland has become a popular destination
<https://www.visualcapitalist.com/cp/eu-regions-with-highest-gdp-per-capita=
/>
for
multinational corporations seeking a European headquarters.

Switzerland, meanwhile, has long maintained a reputation as a financial
center, owing in part to its tax system and banking privacy laws.
The U.S. and the Americas

Compared with European and Asian OECD members, the U.S. obtained *25.6%* of
its GDP in tax revenue in 2024, trailing the OECD average and ranking above
only seven OECD members out of 38.

The U.S. has long been attractive to foreigners because of its lower tax
burden, although the country is known for offering fewer public-spending
benefits than peers like Canada (34.9%), Japan (33.7%), or New Zealand
(32.9%).

Notably, most countries drawing less relative tax revenue than the U.S. are
also in the Americas. The four Latin American OECD members (Chile, Costa
Rica, Colombia, and Mexico) all obtain under 25% of GDP in revenue, with
Mexico at 18.3%.

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display:block;opacity:1;line-height:inherit;float:left;white-space:nowrap">=
</span></span></span></a></li><li class=3D"gmail-" style=3D"margin:0px 6px =
6px 30px;padding:5px 0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline;display:inline-=
block;list-style:none;font-family:&quot;Noto Serif&quot;,sans-serif"><a hre=
f=3D"https://www.visualcapitalist.com/ranked-tax-revenue-as-a-share-of-gdp-=
by-country/#" aria-label=3D"Email" class=3D"gmail-ss-envelope-color" rel=3D=
"nofollow noopener" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;font-size:14px;vertical=
-align:middle;opacity:1;color:rgb(145,187,70);font-family:-apple-system,Bli=
nkMacSystemFont,&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Ar=
ial,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,sans-serif;background-color:rgb(145,187,70);=
outline:0px;letter-spacing:0px;display:inline-flex;box-sizing:border-box;te=
xt-align:center;width:auto;height:32px;line-height:32px;overflow:hidden;bor=
der-radius:52px;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.1);text-decoration:none"><spa=
n class=3D"gmail-ss-share-network-content" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;=
border:0px;vertical-align:middle;width:129.062px;display:inline-flex;line-h=
eight:inherit;height:inherit"><i class=3D"gmail-ss-network-icon" style=3D"m=
argin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline;display:flex;min-w=
idth:32px;line-height:inherit;float:left;border-radius:52px;width:32px;heig=
ht:32px;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0)"></i><span class=3D"gmail-ss-reveal-=
label-wrap" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-size:12px;verti=
cal-align:baseline;display:inline-flex;overflow:hidden;width:0px;opacity:1;=
line-height:inherit;float:left"><span class=3D"gmail-ss-network-label" styl=
e=3D"margin:0px 14px 0px 0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline=
;display:block;opacity:1;line-height:inherit;float:left;white-space:nowrap"=
></span></span></span></a></li></ul></div></div><h2 style=3D"margin:10px 0p=
x;padding:0px;border:0px;font-size:1.8rem;vertical-align:baseline;font-fami=
ly:&quot;Encode Sans Semi Condensed&quot;,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-0.02em=
;line-height:1.4;overflow:hidden;width:820px">Ranked: Tax Revenue as a Shar=
e of GDP by Country</h2><p style=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;padding:0px;border:=
0px;font-size:1.1rem;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:&quot;Noto Serif&q=
uot;,sans-serif;line-height:1.55"><em style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;borde=
r:0px;vertical-align:baseline">See visuals like this from many other data c=
reators on our=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://www.voronoiapp.com/" target=3D"_blan=
k" rel=3D"noopener" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-ali=
gn:baseline;opacity:1;text-decoration:none;color:rgb(145,187,70)">Voronoi a=
pp</a>. Download it for free on=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://apps.apple.com/ca/a=
pp/voronoi-app/id6447905904" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noopener" style=3D"ma=
rgin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline;opacity:1;text-deco=
ration:none;color:rgb(145,187,70)">iOS</a>=C2=A0or=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://=
play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=3Dcom.voronoi.organization.app&amp;pl=
i=3D1" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"noopener" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;b=
order:0px;vertical-align:baseline;opacity:1;text-decoration:none;color:rgb(=
145,187,70)">Android</a>=C2=A0and discover incredible data-driven charts fr=
om a variety of trusted sources.</em></p><div class=3D"gmail-key-takeaways"=
 style=3D"margin:20px 0px;padding:15px;border-width:0px 0px 0px 4px;border-=
style:none none none solid;border-color:currentcolor currentcolor currentco=
lor rgb(42,99,56);vertical-align:baseline;background:rgb(248,249,250);borde=
r-radius:5px"><h3 style=3D"margin:10px 0px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-size=
:1.5rem;vertical-align:baseline;color:rgb(42,99,56);font-family:&quot;Encod=
e Sans Semi Condensed&quot;,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-0.02em;line-height:1=
.4;overflow:hidden;width:786px">Key Takeaways</h3><ul style=3D"box-sizing:b=
order-box;margin:10px 0px;padding:0px 0px 0px 20px;border:0px;vertical-alig=
n:baseline;list-style:outside disc"><li style=3D"margin:0px 0px 5px 30px;pa=
dding:5px 0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:&quot;Noto Ser=
if&quot;,sans-serif">Nineteen of the top 20 OECD countries by tax revenue a=
s a share of GDP are in Europe.</li><li style=3D"margin:0px 0px 5px 30px;pa=
dding:5px 0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:&quot;Noto Ser=
if&quot;,sans-serif">Denmark collects the most tax revenue relative to the =
size of its economy at 45.2% of GDP.</li><li style=3D"margin:0px 0px 5px 30=
px;padding:5px 0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:&quot;Not=
o Serif&quot;,sans-serif">The U.S. ranks near the bottom of the OECD, colle=
cting 25.6% of GDP in tax revenue.</li></ul></div><p style=3D"margin:0px 0p=
x 20px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-size:1.1rem;vertical-align:baseline;font=
-family:&quot;Noto Serif&quot;,sans-serif;line-height:1.55">How much of a c=
ountry=E2=80=99s economy ends up in government coffers? Across the OECD, th=
e answer ranges from less than one-fifth of GDP to nearly half.</p><p style=
=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-size:1.1rem;vertical-al=
ign:baseline;font-family:&quot;Noto Serif&quot;,sans-serif;line-height:1.55=
">The visualization above ranks all 38 OECD member countries by tax revenue=
 as a share of GDP using the latest available=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://www.o=
ecd.org/en/publications/revenue-statistics-2025_3a264267-en.html" target=3D=
"_blank" rel=3D"noopener" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertic=
al-align:baseline;opacity:1;text-decoration:none;color:rgb(145,187,70)">OEC=
D data</a>. The figures include personal income, corporate, property, value=
-added (VAT), social security, consumption, and other taxes.</p><p style=3D=
"margin:0px 0px 20px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-size:1.1rem;vertical-align=
:baseline;font-family:&quot;Noto Serif&quot;,sans-serif;line-height:1.55">O=
n average, OECD members collect=C2=A0<strong style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0p=
x;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline">34.1%</strong>=C2=A0of GDP in tax rev=
enue.</p><h2 style=3D"margin:10px 0px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-size:1.8r=
em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:&quot;Encode Sans Semi Condensed&quo=
t;,sans-serif;letter-spacing:-0.02em;line-height:1.4;overflow:hidden;width:=
820px">Europe: High Taxes, High Support</h2><p style=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px=
;padding:0px;border:0px;font-size:1.1rem;vertical-align:baseline;font-famil=
y:&quot;Noto Serif&quot;,sans-serif;line-height:1.55">Of the top 20 countri=
es by tax revenue as a percentage of GDP, the first 19 are European. Denmar=
k leads the way with 45.2%, followed by France at 43.5% and Austria at 43.4=
%.</p><p style=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-size:1.1r=
em;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:&quot;Noto Serif&quot;,sans-serif;li=
ne-height:1.55">While a majority of OECD countries are in Europe, their con=
centration at the top reflects a postwar social-economic model that uses hi=
gher taxes to help fund public education, healthcare, pensions, and labor s=
ystems.</p><p style=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-size=
:1.1rem;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:&quot;Noto Serif&quot;,sans-ser=
if;line-height:1.55">This data table lists OECD countries by tax revenue as=
 a percentage of GDP.</p><div id=3D"gmail-tablepress-7634_wrapper" class=3D=
"gmail-dt-container" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 1rem;padding:0px;border:0px;ve=
rtical-align:baseline;clear:both"><div class=3D"gmail-dt-layout-row" style=
=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline;display:flex"=
><div class=3D"gmail-dt-layout-cell gmail-dt-layout-start" style=3D"margin:=
0px auto 0px 0px;padding:5px 0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline;display=
:flex"><div class=3D"gmail-dt-length" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;borde=
r:0px;vertical-align:baseline;display:flex"><select aria-controls=3D"tablep=
ress-7634" class=3D"gmail-dt-input" id=3D"gmail-dt-length-0" style=3D"displ=
ay:inline;width:auto;font-size:inherit;padding:5px"><option value=3D"10">10=
</option><option value=3D"21">21</option><option value=3D"25">25</option><o=
ption value=3D"50">50</option><option value=3D"100">100</option></select><l=
abel for=3D"dt-length-0" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertica=
l-align:baseline;display:inline;width:auto">entries per page</label></div><=
/div><div class=3D"gmail-dt-layout-cell gmail-dt-layout-end" style=3D"margi=
n:0px 0px 0px auto;padding:5px 0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline;displ=
ay:flex"><div class=3D"gmail-dt-search" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;bor=
der:0px;vertical-align:baseline;display:flex"><label for=3D"dt-search-0" st=
yle=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline;display:in=
line;width:auto">Search:</label><input type=3D"search" class=3D"gmail-dt-in=
put" id=3D"gmail-dt-search-0" aria-controls=3D"tablepress-7634" style=3D"di=
splay:inline;width:auto;font-size:inherit;padding:5px"></div></div></div><d=
iv class=3D"gmail-dt-layout-row gmail-dt-layout-table" style=3D"margin:0px;=
padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline;display:flex"><div class=3D"=
gmail-dt-layout-cell gmail-dt-layout-full" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:5px =
0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline;width:820px"><table id=3D"gmail-tabl=
epress-7634" class=3D"gmail-tablepress gmail-tablepress-id-7634 gmail-dataT=
able" aria-describedby=3D"tablepress-7634_info" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 20p=
x;padding:0px;border-width:medium;border-style:none;border-color:currentcol=
or;font-size:0.9rem;vertical-align:baseline;border-collapse:collapse;border=
-spacing:0px;clear:both;table-layout:auto;width:820px"><colgroup><col style=
=3D"width:105.925px"><col style=3D"width:262.188px"><col style=3D"width:451=
.888px"></colgroup><thead style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertic=
al-align:baseline;background:rgb(204,204,204)"><tr class=3D"gmail-row-1" st=
yle=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline"><th class=
=3D"gmail-column-1 gmail-dt-type-numeric gmail-dt-orderable-asc gmail-dt-or=
derable-desc" rowspan=3D"1" colspan=3D"1" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:5px 1=
2.3px;border-width:medium;border-style:none;border-color:currentcolor;verti=
cal-align:middle;background:none rgb(230,239,219);box-sizing:border-box;tex=
t-align:left;color:rgb(17,17,17);word-break:normal;float:none"><div class=
=3D"gmail-dt-column-header" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vert=
ical-align:baseline;display:flex"><span class=3D"gmail-dt-column-title" sty=
le=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline">Rank</span=
><span class=3D"gmail-dt-column-order" role=3D"button" aria-label=3D"Rank: =
Activate to sort" tabindex=3D"0" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px=
;font-size:14px;vertical-align:baseline;height:24px;line-height:12px;width:=
12px;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,&quot;Segoe UI&quot;,Roboto,&quot;=
Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans&quot;,&quot;Liberation Sans&quot;,Aria=
l,sans-serif"></span></div></th><th class=3D"gmail-column-2 gmail-dt-ordera=
ble-asc gmail-dt-orderable-desc" rowspan=3D"1" colspan=3D"1" style=3D"margi=
n:0px;padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:medium;border-style:none;border-color=
:currentcolor;vertical-align:middle;background:none rgb(230,239,219);box-si=
zing:border-box;text-align:left;color:rgb(17,17,17);word-break:normal;float=
:none"><div class=3D"gmail-dt-column-header" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0p=
x;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline;display:flex"><span class=3D"gmail-dt-=
column-title" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:bas=
eline">Country</span><span class=3D"gmail-dt-column-order" role=3D"button" =
aria-label=3D"Country: Activate to sort" tabindex=3D"0" style=3D"margin:0px=
;padding:0px;border:0px;font-size:14px;vertical-align:baseline;height:24px;=
line-height:12px;width:12px;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,&quot;Segoe=
 UI&quot;,Roboto,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans&quot;,&quot;Lib=
eration Sans&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"></span></div></th><th class=3D"gmail-c=
olumn-3 gmail-dt-type-numeric gmail-dt-orderable-asc gmail-dt-orderable-des=
c" rowspan=3D"1" colspan=3D"1" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:5px 12.3px;borde=
r-width:medium;border-style:none;border-color:currentcolor;vertical-align:m=
iddle;background:none rgb(230,239,219);box-sizing:border-box;text-align:lef=
t;color:rgb(17,17,17);word-break:normal;float:none"><div class=3D"gmail-dt-=
column-header" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:ba=
seline;display:flex"><span class=3D"gmail-dt-column-title" style=3D"margin:=
0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline">2024 Tax Revenue (% of =
GDP)</span><span class=3D"gmail-dt-column-order" role=3D"button" aria-label=
=3D"2024 Tax Revenue (% of GDP): Activate to sort" tabindex=3D"0" style=3D"=
margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-size:14px;vertical-align:baseline;he=
ight:24px;line-height:12px;width:12px;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,&=
quot;Segoe UI&quot;,Roboto,&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;,&quot;Noto Sans&quot;=
,&quot;Liberation Sans&quot;,Arial,sans-serif"></span></div></th></tr></the=
ad><tbody class=3D"gmail-row-striping gmail-row-hover" style=3D"margin:0px;=
padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline"><tr class=3D"gmail-row-2" s=
tyle=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline;backgroun=
d:rgb(238,238,238)"><td class=3D"gmail-column-1 gmail-dt-type-numeric" styl=
e=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid=
 none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical=
-align:top;background:none rgb(255,255,255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb=
(17,17,17);float:none">1</td><td class=3D"gmail-column-2" style=3D"padding:=
5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid none none;bo=
rder-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;ba=
ckground:none rgb(255,255,255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);fl=
oat:none">=F0=9F=87=A9=F0=9F=87=B0 Denmark</td><td class=3D"gmail-column-3 =
gmail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px mediu=
m medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) current=
color currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(255,255,255);box-=
sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">45.2%</td></tr><tr class=
=3D"gmail-row-3" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:=
baseline;background:none"><td class=3D"gmail-column-1 gmail-dt-type-numeric=
" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style=
:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;ve=
rtical-align:top;background:none rgb(249,249,249);box-sizing:border-box;col=
or:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">2</td><td class=3D"gmail-column-2" style=3D"pa=
dding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid none n=
one;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:=
top;background:none rgb(249,249,249);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,=
17);float:none">=F0=9F=87=AB=F0=9F=87=B7 France</td><td class=3D"gmail-colu=
mn-3 gmail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px =
medium medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) cu=
rrentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(249,249,249)=
;box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">43.5%</td></tr><tr c=
lass=3D"gmail-row-4" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-al=
ign:baseline;background:rgb(238,238,238)"><td class=3D"gmail-column-1 gmail=
-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium med=
ium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor=
 currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(255,255,255);box-sizin=
g:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">3</td><td class=3D"gmail-colum=
n-2" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-st=
yle:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor=
;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(255,255,255);box-sizing:border-box;=
color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">=F0=9F=87=A6=F0=9F=87=B9 Austria</td><td cl=
ass=3D"gmail-column-3 gmail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;bo=
rder-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rg=
b(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none=
 rgb(255,255,255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">43.=
4%</td></tr><tr class=3D"gmail-row-5" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;borde=
r:0px;vertical-align:baseline;background:none"><td class=3D"gmail-column-1 =
gmail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px mediu=
m medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) current=
color currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(249,249,249);box-=
sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">4</td><td class=3D"gmail-=
column-2" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;bord=
er-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor current=
color;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(249,249,249);box-sizing:border=
-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">=F0=9F=87=AE=F0=9F=87=B9 Italy</td><td=
 class=3D"gmail-column-3 gmail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px=
;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color=
:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:n=
one rgb(249,249,249);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">=
42.8%</td></tr><tr class=3D"gmail-row-6" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;bo=
rder:0px;vertical-align:baseline;background:rgb(238,238,238)"><td class=3D"=
gmail-column-1 gmail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-wi=
dth:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,2=
21,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(25=
5,255,255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">5</td><td =
class=3D"gmail-column-2" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px med=
ium medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) curre=
ntcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(255,255,255);bo=
x-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">=F0=9F=87=A7=F0=9F=87=
=AA Belgium</td><td class=3D"gmail-column-3 gmail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D=
"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid non=
e none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-ali=
gn:top;background:none rgb(255,255,255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,=
17,17);float:none">42.6%</td></tr><tr class=3D"gmail-row-7" style=3D"margin=
:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline;background:none"><td cl=
ass=3D"gmail-column-1 gmail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;bo=
rder-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rg=
b(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none=
 rgb(249,249,249);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">6</=
td><td class=3D"gmail-column-2" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.=
8px medium medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221=
) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(249,249,=
249);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">=F0=9F=87=AB=F0=
=9F=87=AE Finland</td><td class=3D"gmail-column-3 gmail-dt-type-numeric" st=
yle=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:sol=
id none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertic=
al-align:top;background:none rgb(249,249,249);box-sizing:border-box;color:r=
gb(17,17,17);float:none">42.2%</td></tr><tr class=3D"gmail-row-8" style=3D"=
margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline;background:rgb(23=
8,238,238)"><td class=3D"gmail-column-1 gmail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"pad=
ding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid none no=
ne;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:t=
op;background:none rgb(255,255,255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,1=
7);float:none">7</td><td class=3D"gmail-column-2" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3=
px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid none none;border-col=
or:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background=
:none rgb(255,255,255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none=
">=F0=9F=87=B1=F0=9F=87=BA Luxembourg</td><td class=3D"gmail-column-3 gmail=
-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium med=
ium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor=
 currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(255,255,255);box-sizin=
g:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">41.5%</td></tr><tr class=3D"gm=
ail-row-9" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseli=
ne;background:none"><td class=3D"gmail-column-1 gmail-dt-type-numeric" styl=
e=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid=
 none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical=
-align:top;background:none rgb(249,249,249);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb=
(17,17,17);float:none">8</td><td class=3D"gmail-column-2" style=3D"padding:=
5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid none none;bo=
rder-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;ba=
ckground:none rgb(249,249,249);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);fl=
oat:none">=F0=9F=87=B8=F0=9F=87=AA Sweden</td><td class=3D"gmail-column-3 g=
mail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium=
 medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentc=
olor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(249,249,249);box-s=
izing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">41.4%</td></tr><tr class=
=3D"gmail-row-10" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align=
:baseline;background:rgb(238,238,238)"><td class=3D"gmail-column-1 gmail-dt=
-type-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium=
;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor cu=
rrentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(255,255,255);box-sizing:b=
order-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">9</td><td class=3D"gmail-column-2=
" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style=
:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;ve=
rtical-align:top;background:none rgb(255,255,255);box-sizing:border-box;col=
or:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">=F0=9F=87=B3=F0=9F=87=B4 Norway</td><td class=
=3D"gmail-column-3 gmail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;borde=
r-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(2=
21,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rg=
b(255,255,255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">40.2%<=
/td></tr><tr class=3D"gmail-row-11" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:=
0px;vertical-align:baseline;background:none"><td class=3D"gmail-column-1 gm=
ail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium =
medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentco=
lor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(249,249,249);box-si=
zing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">10</td><td class=3D"gmail-c=
olumn-2" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;borde=
r-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentc=
olor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(249,249,249);box-sizing:border-=
box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">=F0=9F=87=AC=F0=9F=87=B7 Greece</td><td=
 class=3D"gmail-column-3 gmail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px=
;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color=
:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:n=
one rgb(249,249,249);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">=
39.8%</td></tr><tr class=3D"gmail-row-12" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;b=
order:0px;vertical-align:baseline;background:rgb(238,238,238)"><td class=3D=
"gmail-column-1 gmail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-w=
idth:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,=
221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(2=
55,255,255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">11</td><t=
d class=3D"gmail-column-2" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px m=
edium medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) cur=
rentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(255,255,255);=
box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">=F0=9F=87=B3=F0=9F=87=
=B1 Netherlands</td><td class=3D"gmail-column-3 gmail-dt-type-numeric" styl=
e=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid=
 none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical=
-align:top;background:none rgb(255,255,255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb=
(17,17,17);float:none">38.5%</td></tr><tr class=3D"gmail-row-13" style=3D"m=
argin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline;background:none"><=
td class=3D"gmail-column-1 gmail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3=
px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid none none;border-col=
or:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background=
:none rgb(249,249,249);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none=
">12</td><td class=3D"gmail-column-2" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-wi=
dth:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,2=
21,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(24=
9,249,249);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">=F0=9F=87=
=B8=F0=9F=87=AE Slovenia</td><td class=3D"gmail-column-3 gmail-dt-type-nume=
ric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-st=
yle:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor=
;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(249,249,249);box-sizing:border-box;=
color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">38.3%</td></tr><tr class=3D"gmail-row-14" s=
tyle=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline;backgroun=
d:rgb(238,238,238)"><td class=3D"gmail-column-1 gmail-dt-type-numeric" styl=
e=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid=
 none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical=
-align:top;background:none rgb(255,255,255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb=
(17,17,17);float:none">13</td><td class=3D"gmail-column-2" style=3D"padding=
:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid none none;b=
order-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;b=
ackground:none rgb(255,255,255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);f=
loat:none">=F0=9F=87=A9=F0=9F=87=AA Germany</td><td class=3D"gmail-column-3=
 gmail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medi=
um medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) curren=
tcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(255,255,255);box=
-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">38.0%</td></tr><tr class=
=3D"gmail-row-15" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align=
:baseline;background:none"><td class=3D"gmail-column-1 gmail-dt-type-numeri=
c" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-styl=
e:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;v=
ertical-align:top;background:none rgb(249,249,249);box-sizing:border-box;co=
lor:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">14</td><td class=3D"gmail-column-2" style=3D"=
padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid none=
 none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-alig=
n:top;background:none rgb(249,249,249);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,1=
7,17);float:none">=F0=9F=87=AE=F0=9F=87=B8 Iceland</td><td class=3D"gmail-c=
olumn-3 gmail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8=
px medium medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221)=
 currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(249,249,2=
49);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">36.9%</td></tr><t=
r class=3D"gmail-row-16" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertica=
l-align:baseline;background:rgb(238,238,238)"><td class=3D"gmail-column-1 g=
mail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium=
 medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentc=
olor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(255,255,255);box-s=
izing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">15</td><td class=3D"gmail-=
column-2" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;bord=
er-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor current=
color;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(255,255,255);box-sizing:border=
-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">=F0=9F=87=AA=F0=9F=87=B8 Spain</td><td=
 class=3D"gmail-column-3 gmail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px=
;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color=
:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:n=
one rgb(255,255,255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">=
36.7%</td></tr><tr class=3D"gmail-row-17" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;b=
order:0px;vertical-align:baseline;background:none"><td class=3D"gmail-colum=
n-1 gmail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px m=
edium medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) cur=
rentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(249,249,249);=
box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">16</td><td class=3D"g=
mail-column-2" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium=
;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor cu=
rrentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(249,249,249);box-sizing:b=
order-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">=F0=9F=87=B5=F0=9F=87=B1 Poland</=
td><td class=3D"gmail-column-3 gmail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px =
12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid none none;border=
-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;backgr=
ound:none rgb(249,249,249);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:=
none">36.6%</td></tr><tr class=3D"gmail-row-18" style=3D"margin:0px;padding=
:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline;background:rgb(238,238,238)"><td cl=
ass=3D"gmail-column-1 gmail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;bo=
rder-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rg=
b(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none=
 rgb(255,255,255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">17<=
/td><td class=3D"gmail-column-2" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0=
.8px medium medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,22=
1) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(255,255=
,255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">=F0=9F=87=B8=F0=
=9F=87=B0 Slovak Republic</td><td class=3D"gmail-column-3 gmail-dt-type-num=
eric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-s=
tyle:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolo=
r;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(255,255,255);box-sizing:border-box=
;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">35.6%</td></tr><tr class=3D"gmail-row-19" =
style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline;backgrou=
nd:none"><td class=3D"gmail-column-1 gmail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"paddin=
g:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid none none;=
border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;=
background:none rgb(249,249,249);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);=
float:none">18</td><td class=3D"gmail-column-2" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px=
;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color=
:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:n=
one rgb(249,249,249);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">=
=F0=9F=87=AA=F0=9F=87=AA Estonia</td><td class=3D"gmail-column-3 gmail-dt-t=
ype-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;b=
order-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor curr=
entcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(249,249,249);box-sizing:bor=
der-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">35.2%</td></tr><tr class=3D"gmail-r=
ow-20" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline;b=
ackground:rgb(238,238,238)"><td class=3D"gmail-column-1 gmail-dt-type-numer=
ic" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-sty=
le:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;=
vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(255,255,255);box-sizing:border-box;c=
olor:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">19</td><td class=3D"gmail-column-2" style=3D=
"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid non=
e none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-ali=
gn:top;background:none rgb(255,255,255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,=
17,17);float:none">=F0=9F=87=B5=F0=9F=87=B9 Portugal</td><td class=3D"gmail=
-column-3 gmail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0=
.8px medium medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,22=
1) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(255,255=
,255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">35.1%</td></tr>=
<tr class=3D"gmail-row-21" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;verti=
cal-align:baseline;background:none"><td class=3D"gmail-column-1 gmail-dt-ty=
pe-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;bo=
rder-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor curre=
ntcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(249,249,249);box-sizing:bord=
er-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">20</td><td class=3D"gmail-column-2" =
style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:s=
olid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vert=
ical-align:top;background:none rgb(249,249,249);box-sizing:border-box;color=
:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">=F0=9F=87=A8=F0=9F=87=A6 Canada</td><td class=3D=
"gmail-column-3 gmail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-w=
idth:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,=
221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(2=
49,249,249);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">34.9%</td=
></tr><tr class=3D"gmail-row-22" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px=
;vertical-align:baseline;background:rgb(238,238,238)"><td class=3D"gmail-co=
lumn-1 gmail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8p=
x medium medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) =
currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(255,255,25=
5);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">21</td><td class=
=3D"gmail-column-2" style=3D"padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium m=
edium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcol=
or currentcolor;vertical-align:top;background:none rgb(255,255,255);box-siz=
ing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);float:none">=F0=9F=87=B1=F0=9F=87=BB Lat=
via</td><td class=3D"gmail-column-3 gmail-dt-type-numeric" style=3D"padding=
:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid none none;b=
order-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:top;b=
ackground:none rgb(255,255,255);box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(17,17,17);f=
loat:none">34.9%</td></tr></tbody><tfoot style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;bo=
rder:0px;vertical-align:baseline"><tr class=3D"gmail-row-40" style=3D"margi=
n:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline"><th class=3D"gmail-co=
lumn-1 gmail-dt-type-numeric" rowspan=3D"1" colspan=3D"1" style=3D"margin:0=
px;padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid n=
one none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-a=
lign:middle;background:none rgb(230,239,219);box-sizing:border-box;text-ali=
gn:left;color:rgb(17,17,17);word-break:normal;float:none"><div class=3D"gma=
il-dt-column-footer" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-al=
ign:baseline;display:flex"><span class=3D"gmail-dt-column-title" style=3D"m=
argin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline">--</span></div></=
th><th class=3D"gmail-column-2" rowspan=3D"1" colspan=3D"1" style=3D"margin=
:0px;padding:5px 12.3px;border-width:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid=
 none none;border-color:rgb(221,221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical=
-align:middle;background:none rgb(230,239,219);box-sizing:border-box;text-a=
lign:left;color:rgb(17,17,17);word-break:normal;float:none"><div class=3D"g=
mail-dt-column-footer" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-=
align:baseline;display:flex"><span class=3D"gmail-dt-column-title" style=3D=
"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline">=F0=9F=8C=90 OE=
CD Avg</span></div></th><th class=3D"gmail-column-3 gmail-dt-type-numeric" =
rowspan=3D"1" colspan=3D"1" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:5px 12.3px;border-w=
idth:0.8px medium medium;border-style:solid none none;border-color:rgb(221,=
221,221) currentcolor currentcolor;vertical-align:middle;background:none rg=
b(230,239,219);box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;color:rgb(17,17,17);wo=
rd-break:normal;float:none"><div class=3D"gmail-dt-column-footer" style=3D"=
margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline;display:flex"><sp=
an class=3D"gmail-dt-column-title" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0=
px;vertical-align:baseline">34.1%</span></div></th></tr></tfoot></table></d=
iv></div><div class=3D"gmail-dt-layout-row" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px=
;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline;display:flex"><div class=3D"gmail-dt-la=
yout-cell gmail-dt-layout-start" style=3D"margin:0px auto 0px 0px;padding:5=
px 0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline;display:flex"><div class=3D"gmail=
-dt-info" id=3D"gmail-tablepress-7634_info" role=3D"status" style=3D"margin=
:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline">Showing 1 to 21 of 38 =
entries</div></div><div class=3D"gmail-dt-layout-cell gmail-dt-layout-end" =
style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px auto;padding:5px 0px;border:0px;vertical-align:=
baseline;display:flex"><div class=3D"gmail-dt-paging gmail-paging_simple_nu=
mbers" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline">=
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<div class=3D"gmail-dt-autosize" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px=
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rgin:0px 0px 20px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-size:1.1rem;vertical-align:ba=
seline;font-family:&quot;Noto Serif&quot;,sans-serif;line-height:1.55">Most=
 European countries fall within this general social market system, includin=
g the major economies of Germany (38%), Italy (42.8%), Spain (36.7%), and t=
he United Kingdom (34.4%).</p><p style=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;padding:0px;b=
order:0px;font-size:1.1rem;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:&quot;Noto S=
erif&quot;,sans-serif;line-height:1.55">However, the specific taxes levied =
can vary widely between countries. Denmark, for example, has high taxes on =
personal income but relatively low taxation on corporations and consumption=
.</p><h2 style=3D"margin:10px 0px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-size:1.8rem;v=
ertical-align:baseline;font-family:&quot;Encode Sans Semi Condensed&quot;,s=
ans-serif;letter-spacing:-0.02em;line-height:1.4;overflow:hidden;width:820p=
x">The European Outliers</h2><p style=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;padding:0px;bo=
rder:0px;font-size:1.1rem;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:&quot;Noto Se=
rif&quot;,sans-serif;line-height:1.55">Only a few European countries bring =
in less tax revenue than the OECD average of 34.1%. These include Czechia (=
34%), Lithuania (33.1%), Switzerland (27.2%), and Ireland (21.7%).</p><p st=
yle=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-size:1.1rem;vertical=
-align:baseline;font-family:&quot;Noto Serif&quot;,sans-serif;line-height:1=
.55">Ireland and Switzerland in particular serve as regional outliers, and =
they have used this to their advantage. Ireland has become a=C2=A0<a href=
=3D"https://www.visualcapitalist.com/cp/eu-regions-with-highest-gdp-per-cap=
ita/" style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;border:0px;vertical-align:baseline;op=
acity:1;text-decoration:none;color:rgb(145,187,70)">popular destination</a>=
=C2=A0for multinational corporations seeking a European headquarters.</p><p=
 style=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-size:1.1rem;verti=
cal-align:baseline;font-family:&quot;Noto Serif&quot;,sans-serif;line-heigh=
t:1.55">Switzerland, meanwhile, has long maintained a reputation as a finan=
cial center, owing in part to its tax system and banking privacy laws.</p><=
h2 style=3D"margin:10px 0px;padding:0px;border:0px;font-size:1.8rem;vertica=
l-align:baseline;font-family:&quot;Encode Sans Semi Condensed&quot;,sans-se=
rif;letter-spacing:-0.02em;line-height:1.4;overflow:hidden;width:820px">The=
 U.S. and the Americas</h2><p style=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;padding:0px;bord=
er:0px;font-size:1.1rem;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:&quot;Noto Seri=
f&quot;,sans-serif;line-height:1.55">Compared with European and Asian OECD =
members, the U.S. obtained=C2=A0<strong style=3D"margin:0px;padding:0px;bor=
der:0px;vertical-align:baseline">25.6%</strong>=C2=A0of its GDP in tax reve=
nue in 2024, trailing the OECD average and ranking above only seven OECD me=
mbers out of 38.</p><p style=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;padding:0px;border:0px;=
font-size:1.1rem;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:&quot;Noto Serif&quot;=
,sans-serif;line-height:1.55">The U.S. has long been attractive to foreigne=
rs because of its lower tax burden, although the country is known for offer=
ing fewer public-spending benefits than peers like Canada (34.9%), Japan (3=
3.7%), or New Zealand (32.9%).</p><p style=3D"margin:0px 0px 20px;padding:0=
px;border:0px;font-size:1.1rem;vertical-align:baseline;font-family:&quot;No=
to Serif&quot;,sans-serif;line-height:1.55">Notably, most countries drawing=
 less relative tax revenue than the U.S. are also in the Americas. The four=
 Latin American OECD members (Chile, Costa Rica, Colombia, and Mexico) all =
obtain under 25% of GDP in revenue, with Mexico at 18.3%.</p></div></div></=
div></div></div></div></div></div></div>

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*https://www.moonofalabama.org/2026/06/war-on-iran-israel-and-trump-himself=
-are-hindering-conflict-solution.html
<https://www.moonofalabama.org/2026/06/war-on-iran-israel-and-trump-himself=
-are-hindering-conflict-solution.html>*

*War On Iran: =E2=80=93 Israel, And Trump Himself, Are Hindering Conflict S=
olution*

*June 23, 2026 *

*War On Iran: =E2=80=93 Israel, And Trump Himself, Are Hindering Conflict S=
olution *

*The talks between the United States and the Islamic Republic of Iran as
agreed upon in their Memorandum of Understanding are veering off course.*

*There are two major forces who are threatening to derail the agreement.*

*One is, very predictably, Israel which does its best to sabotage the
talks. The MoU empathizes the end of fighting in Lebanon and the retreat of
Israeli forces from Lebanese ground.*

*While Israel, after pressure from the U.S., had stopped fighting over the
weekend its officials have stated that there will be no retreat of their
forces. Today Israeli troops attacked
<https://x.com/HadiHtt/status/2069342817248317557> Lebanese civilians who
were clearing a road in Nabatieh. It then attacked
<https://x.com/HadiHtt/status/2069344575722754300> the civil defense forces
which tried to help those wounded during the first strike.*

*The U.S., Iran and the Qatari and Pakistani mediators had agreed over the
weekend to install an observer group to prevent such incidents. Iran will
demand that the U.S. intervene in the case. It will otherwise take its own
measures which may end up to again block the Strait of Hormuz.*

*The second force which is disrupting the talks is the U.S. itself. The
first clause of the MoU obligates both sides to refrain from threatening
each other. While the talks on Saturday/Sunday were ongoing U.S. President
Donald Trump threatened to kill the Iranian negotiators. This was of course
bollocks but had to be taken seriously. The direct talks between the U.S.
and Iranian delegations were immediately stopped. Less effective, indirect
talks with the help of mediators from Qatar and Pakistan continued.*

*The Iran side said that the U.S. had agreed to release Iranian funds which
had been held under sanctions. The U.S. also lifted, for 60 days, sanctions
on the sales of Iranian oil. Both measures are mere openers =E2=80=93
pre-conditions by Iran =E2=80=93 for any further talk.*

*Now the U.S., through the president and Vice President Vance, makes claims
<https://x.com/Acyn/status/2069115468234047908> that Iran had agreed to use
the unfreezed money to buy U.S. agricultural products. They also claimed
that Iran would invite the IAEA to inspect all of its nuclear programs.*

*Iran has rejected both points. The MoU states that Iran will be free to
use its released money however it likes. It also states that no talks and
agreements about the nuclear issues will take place before other conditions
have been fulfilled.*

*The U.S. is thus falsely claiming points which are in direct contradiction
to the agreement it had itself signed on to.*

*Currently the Strait of Hormuz is open for traffic that follows the
directives <https://x.com/staunovo/status/2069274792566341794> Iran had
issued for peaceful passages. The majority of ships that have passed during
the last two days were Iranian tankers with Iranian oil and destinations in
China. Little of other products have left the Persian Gulf as shipowners
and insurances will not risk a passage unless they are sure that there will
be no more hostilities.*

*With no fresh product in reasonable quantities coming out of other Gulf
states than Iran the squeeze in the oil and liquefied gas market continues.
There are three to six weeks left
<https://x.com/ericnuttall/status/2069459715176673288> until global
reserves run dry and until markets disrupt with serious consequences.*

*The clock is ticking for Donald Trump. He will have to rein in Israel. He
will also have to stop himself from making threats and overbearing claims
of U.S. successes with regards to Iran. He needs to do that immediately.
Otherwise the U.S. and the global economy will suffer what Trump himself
had called a catastrophe.*

*Iran, meanwhile, has all the time it needs to improve its global position.
Its speaker of parliament has visited Oman to work on a common regulation
for the Strait of Hormuz. The Iranian president is visiting Pakistan. The
foreign minister in on his way to China. Iran is setting the diplomatic
stage for its new dominant role in the Middle East.*

*Everyone watching the conflict has recognized that the U.S. has lost the
war. Trump=E2=80=99s attempts to sell it as victory are endangering the MoU=
 and a
peaceful solution. In a week or so he may even try new escalations.*

*But with any new hostilities he will end up in a worse situation.*
*s*

--000000000000b10f3f0654f42d33
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"lt=
r" class=3D"gmail_attr"><b style=3D"background-color:transparent"><font fac=
e=3D"georgia, serif"><a href=3D"https://www.moonofalabama.org/2026/06/war-o=
n-iran-israel-and-trump-himself-are-hindering-conflict-solution.html" targe=
t=3D"_blank">https://www.moonofalabama.org/2026/06/war-on-iran-israel-and-t=
rump-himself-are-hindering-conflict-solution.html</a></font></b></div><div =
dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif"><br></fo=
nt></b></div><div><h1 style=3D"line-height:1.2141em;margin-top:0px;margin-b=
ottom:0.5em;max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><font face=3D"georgia, seri=
f" size=3D"4"><i>War On Iran: =E2=80=93 Israel, And Trump Himself, Are Hind=
ering Conflict Solution</i></font></h1><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb=
(27,27,27)"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">June 23, 2026<span>=C2=A0</spa=
n></font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><b><font f=
ace=3D"georgia, serif">War On Iran: =E2=80=93 Israel, And Trump Himself, Ar=
e Hindering Conflict Solution<span>=C2=A0</span></font></b></p><div style=
=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><fon=
t face=3D"georgia, serif">The talks between the United States and the Islam=
ic Republic of Iran as agreed upon in their Memorandum of Understanding are=
 veering off course.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font fac=
e=3D"georgia, serif">There are two major forces who are threatening to dera=
il the agreement.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font face=
=3D"georgia, serif">One is, very predictably, Israel which does its best to=
 sabotage the talks. The MoU empathizes the end of fighting in Lebanon and =
the retreat of Israeli forces from Lebanese ground.</font></b></p><p style=
=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">While Israel, after pr=
essure from the U.S., had stopped fighting over the weekend its officials h=
ave stated that there will be no retreat of their forces. Today Israeli tro=
ops<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://x.com/HadiHtt/status/2069342817248=
317557" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%"=
 target=3D"_blank">attacked</a><span>=C2=A0</span>Lebanese civilians who we=
re clearing a road in Nabatieh. It then<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https:=
//x.com/HadiHtt/status/2069344575722754300" style=3D"text-decoration:none;c=
olor:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">attacked</a><span>=
=C2=A0</span>the civil defense forces which tried to help those wounded dur=
ing the first strike.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font fa=
ce=3D"georgia, serif">The U.S., Iran and the Qatari and Pakistani mediators=
 had agreed over the weekend to install an observer group to prevent such i=
ncidents. Iran will demand that the U.S. intervene in the case. It will oth=
erwise take its own measures which may end up to again block the Strait of =
Hormuz.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font face=3D"georgia,=
 serif">The second force which is disrupting the talks is the U.S. itself. =
The first clause of the MoU obligates both sides to refrain from threatenin=
g each other. While the talks on Saturday/Sunday were ongoing U.S. Presiden=
t Donald Trump threatened to kill the Iranian negotiators. This was of cour=
se bollocks but had to be taken seriously. The direct talks between the U.S=
. and Iranian delegations were immediately stopped. Less effective, indirec=
t talks with the help of mediators from Qatar and Pakistan continued.</font=
></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">The I=
ran side said that the U.S. had agreed to release Iranian funds which had b=
een held under sanctions. The U.S. also lifted, for 60 days, sanctions on t=
he sales of Iranian oil. Both measures are mere openers =E2=80=93 pre-condi=
tions by Iran =E2=80=93 for any further talk.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max=
-width:100%"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">Now the U.S., through the pre=
sident and Vice President Vance, makes<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https:/=
/x.com/Acyn/status/2069115468234047908" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color=
:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">claims</a><span>=C2=A0</=
span>that Iran had agreed to use the unfreezed money to buy U.S. agricultur=
al products. They also claimed that Iran would invite the IAEA to inspect a=
ll of its nuclear programs.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><f=
ont face=3D"georgia, serif">Iran has rejected both points. The MoU states t=
hat Iran will be free to use its released money however it likes. It also s=
tates that no talks and agreements about the nuclear issues will take place=
 before other conditions have been fulfilled.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max=
-width:100%"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">The U.S. is thus falsely clai=
ming points which are in direct contradiction to the agreement it had itsel=
f signed on to.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font face=3D"=
georgia, serif">Currently the Strait of Hormuz is open for traffic that fol=
lows<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://x.com/staunovo/status/20692747925=
66341794" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100=
%" target=3D"_blank">the directives</a><span>=C2=A0</span>Iran had issued f=
or peaceful passages. The majority of ships that have passed during the las=
t two days were Iranian tankers with Iranian oil and destinations in China.=
 Little of other products have left the Persian Gulf as shipowners and insu=
rances will not risk a passage unless they are sure that there will be no m=
ore hostilities.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font face=3D=
"georgia, serif">With no fresh product in reasonable quantities coming out =
of other Gulf states than Iran the squeeze in the oil and liquefied gas mar=
ket continues. There are three to six weeks<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"ht=
tps://x.com/ericnuttall/status/2069459715176673288" style=3D"text-decoratio=
n:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">left</a><spa=
n>=C2=A0</span>until global reserves run dry and until markets disrupt with=
 serious consequences.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font f=
ace=3D"georgia, serif">The clock is ticking for Donald Trump. He will have =
to rein in Israel. He will also have to stop himself from making threats an=
d overbearing claims of U.S. successes with regards to Iran. He needs to do=
 that immediately. Otherwise the U.S. and the global economy will suffer wh=
at Trump himself had called a catastrophe.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-wi=
dth:100%"><b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">Iran, meanwhile, has all the tim=
e it needs to improve its global position. Its speaker of parliament has vi=
sited Oman to work on a common regulation for the Strait of Hormuz. The Ira=
nian president is visiting Pakistan. The foreign minister in on his way to =
China. Iran is setting the diplomatic stage for its new dominant role in th=
e Middle East.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font face=3D"g=
eorgia, serif">Everyone watching the conflict has recognized that the U.S. =
has lost the war. Trump=E2=80=99s attempts to sell it as victory are endang=
ering the MoU and a peaceful solution. In a week or so he may even try new =
escalations.</font></b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%"><b><font face=3D"geo=
rgia, serif">But with any new hostilities he will end up in a worse situati=
on.</font></b></p></div><div style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27)"><=
b><font face=3D"georgia, serif">s</font></b><br></div></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>

--000000000000b10f3f0654f42d33--

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Draft proposals obtained by Drop Site show Trump=E2=80=99s board attempting=
 to
force a Palestinian surrender that Israel could not achieve in war.
=CD=8F   =E2=80=87 =C2=AD=CD=8F   =E2=80=87 =C2=AD=CD=8F   =E2=80=87 =C2=AD=
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Exclusive: Internal Documents Show Trump=E2=80=99s =E2=80=9CBoard of Peace=
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rce a
Palestinian surrender that Israel could not achieve in war.

Jeremy Scahill <https://substack.com/@jeremyscahill> and Jawa Ahmad
<https://substack.com/@jawaahmad>
Jun 23
<https://substack.com/@jeremyscahill> <https://substack.com/@jawaahmad>

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Palestinians
living in Al-Shati refugee camp in Gaza City, Palestine on May 14, 2026.
Photo by Anas Zeyad Fteha/Anadolu via Getty Images.

Soon after President Donald Trump=E2=80=99s self-congratulatory tour for =
=E2=80=9Cending=E2=80=9D
the Gaza war last October, replete with ceremonies in which various kings,
emirs, and presidents praised him, Israel made clear it had no intention of
respecting the terms of the deal. It continued to kill Palestinians on a
near daily basis and began limiting the entry of the agreed upon life
essentials to the Strip stipulated in the ceasefire agreement.

Nonetheless, Trump pulled off a coup the following month when he got the UN
Security Council to endorse his Gaza plan. In an unprecedented move, the
council endorsed the deployment of an international force that would not
operate under the banner of the UN, but would instead be commanded and
controlled by Trump and his private =E2=80=9CBoard of Peace=E2=80=9D=E2=80=
=94to which states could
buy in for $1 billion and receive permanent membership. In the big picture,
Trump could wrap the future edicts of his board in the veneer of UN
legitimacy.

As Israel steadily expanded its military attacks on Gaza and pushed its
occupation forces deeper into the enclave instead of withdrawing and
repositioning them as agreed, Hamas officials told Drop Site that they
heard nothing from the Board of Peace until March.

Since then, the negotiations over Gaza=E2=80=99s future have been stuck in =
a
diplomatic netherworld. Despite the pomp and circumstance manufactured by
the White House after the signing of the deal and Trump=E2=80=99s promise t=
o
guarantee it, the U.S. has refused to hold Israel to any of its
obligations. While Hamas fulfilled its part of the deal and handed over all
of its captives to Israel, both alive and dead, Israel has repeatedly
violated nearly every term of the agreement and has killed more than 1,000
Palestinians since the signing of the deal in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt.

The talks that have taken place have overwhelmingly centered on attempts by
the board to force through changes never agreed to by Palestinians, and
effectively transforming a limited ceasefire agreement into a broader
political settlement premised on the disarmament of the Palestinian
resistance and the abandonment of its national liberation struggle. In a
report to the UN Security Council in May, the board called disarming the
Palestinian resistance =E2=80=9Cthe single factor that unlocks every other =
element
of the plan.=E2=80=9D The BoP=E2=80=99s proposal, if enacted, would leave G=
aza with only a
local police force tasked with internal law enforcement and no resistance
forces capable of defending Gaza against Israeli occupation or ongoing
attacks.

Now, with Western and regional media coverage firmly focused on Iran and
the Israeli assault on Lebanon, the current negotiations between
Palestinians and the BoP have been almost entirely ignored.

But the Board of Peace is continuing to try to chisel away at any
possibility of Palestinian statehood through a 15-point =E2=80=9Croadmap=E2=
=80=9D it first
presented to Hamas and other Palestinian resistance factions in April. Drop
Site News obtained two documents from the latest round of negotiations
between the Palestinians and Trump=E2=80=99s board. The first is the full t=
ext of
the Palestinian negotiators=E2=80=99 proposed amendments to the board=E2=80=
=99s roadmap for
addressing a range of issues, including the demand that Hamas, Palestinian
Islamic Jihad, and their allies submit to total disarmament. The revised
document was delivered to the board on June 13. The second document is the
response delivered to the Palestinian side last week by Nickolay Mladenov,
the BoP=E2=80=99s =E2=80=9CHigh Representative.=E2=80=9D

Taken together, the two versions of the roadmap offer detailed insights
into the extent to which Trump=E2=80=99s board is trying to erode Palestini=
an
insistence that any long term deal must include a clear path to statehood,
that Gaza and the occupied West Bank be treated as a single Palestinian
territory, and that the rights of the Palestinian people to resist Israeli
occupation and annexation be preserved.

=E2=80=9CWhat we=E2=80=99re seeing is an attempt, in the shadow of a genoci=
de, to dismantle
the Palestinian resistance through all of these kinds of preconditions,=E2=
=80=9D
said Abdullah Al-Arian, an associate professor of history at Georgetown
University in Qatar. =E2=80=9CThe interpretation of this agreement is in th=
e hands
of actors who are, for the most part, beholden to prioritizing Israel=E2=80=
=99s
security.=E2=80=9D

Mladenov, Bulgaria=E2=80=99s former Defense and Foreign Minister, served as=
 UN
Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process from 2015 to 2020. He
serves as director general
<https://substack.com/redirect/aec08c35-da1c-4320-b197-a0567228721d?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMmpnN3c0In0.EiQh6GHCeGDwSOkhrcQq-EFWfnqzokbaRGZ-JIVH1Ww>
of a research academy that trains diplomats from the United Arab Emirates,
Israel=E2=80=99s closest Arab ally. Until his appointment to Trump=E2=80=99=
s board,
Mladenov was also a visiting fellow
<https://substack.com/redirect/f0816b60-f723-47e6-ab59-528105a021d0?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMmpnN3c0In0.EiQh6GHCeGDwSOkhrcQq-EFWfnqzokbaRGZ-JIVH1Ww>
at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, a pro-Israel think tank
established by veterans of AIPAC.

In some recent negotiations with Hamas, Mladenov has been joined by a
senior Trump advisor, Rabbi Aryeh Lightstone, a hardline supporter of
Israel who played a key role in the 2020 Abraham Accords.

In their draft, the Palestinian negotiators insist that resolving the issue
of weapons can only be addressed as part of a =E2=80=9Cprocess that guarant=
ees the
Palestinian people=E2=80=99s right to establish a Palestinian state and exe=
rcise
their right to self-determination.=E2=80=9D The board=E2=80=99s draft says =
only that
Palestinian disarmament =E2=80=9Cshall create conditions for a credible pat=
hway.=E2=80=9D

The documents also reveal how Trump=E2=80=99s board has embraced a decadesl=
ong
Israeli tactic of demanding detailed commitments from Palestinians on
issues of security and weapons, while offering only vague suggestions of
potential Israeli commitments and providing the Palestinian side no
substantive recourse when Israel violates the terms.

=E2=80=9CMladenov=E2=80=99s latest response reflects the occupation=E2=80=
=99s unwillingness to
reach an agreement, despite the movement=E2=80=99s compliance with all the =
demands
placed upon it and the significant flexibility it has demonstrated across
various issues, including the question of weapons,=E2=80=9D a senior Hamas =
official
told Drop Site. He requested anonymity because the Palestinian factions
have not delivered their official response to Mladenov. =E2=80=9CIn its cur=
rent
form, this paper is unacceptable and cannot serve as a basis for agreement.=
=E2=80=9D

The Board of Peace did not respond to a detailed request for comment on a
range of issues.

Hamas officials say the Palestinian factions are currently reviewing
Mladenov=E2=80=99s reply to their proposed terms. Hazem Qassem, Hamas=E2=80=
=99s
spokesperson in Gaza, said the amendments proposed in the Palestinian draft
and in a series of recent meetings in Cairo were welcomed by regional
mediators from Qatar, Egypt, and Turkey. =E2=80=9CThe mediators expressed c=
lear
satisfaction with the Palestinian factions=E2=80=99 responses and viewed th=
em as
positive positions that could serve as a foundation for reaching a
comprehensive agreement,=E2=80=9D Qassem said in a statement
<https://substack.com/redirect/2ae5c281-3a9c-4efa-88f7-6a0914d838fe?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMmpnN3c0In0.EiQh6GHCeGDwSOkhrcQq-EFWfnqzokbaRGZ-JIVH1Ww>.
=E2=80=9CMladenov continues to approach the file from a perspective close t=
o the
Israeli position, a view that was reflected in the proposals he presented
during his recent meeting,=E2=80=9D he argued, saying that Mladenov=E2=80=
=99s attempts to
alter terms previously agreed upon with the mediators has =E2=80=9Chindered=
 efforts
to reach a final agreement.=E2=80=9D
<https://substack.com/redirect/1b3a4f9b-1674-460f-a88e-8b43d0bc2a1e?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMmpnN3c0In0.EiQh6GHCeGDwSOkhrcQq-EFWfnqzokbaRGZ-JIVH1Ww>
President
Donald Trump holds a gavel during a signing ceremony at the inaugural
meeting of the =E2=80=9CBoard of Peace=E2=80=9D at the U.S. Institute of Pe=
ace in
Washington, DC, on February 19, 2026. Photo by SAUL LOEB / AFP via Getty
Images.
*A Framework for Surrender*

Palestinian negotiators have maintained that since the signing of the
October agreement, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and board
officials, particularly Mladenov, have introduced new conditions that were
never part of the original terms, including demands that Palestinian
resistance factions relinquish their weapons as a condition for
reconstruction to proceed and before Israeli forces complete their
withdrawal from the Gaza Strip. In May, Mladenov and Lightstone threatened
in a letter
<https://substack.com/redirect/5877f581-366a-4637-b295-68abc681da32?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMmpnN3c0In0.EiQh6GHCeGDwSOkhrcQq-EFWfnqzokbaRGZ-JIVH1Ww>
to Palestinian officials that if Hamas refuses to capitulate to the
disarmament edict, the ceasefire terms would be deemed =E2=80=9Cnull and vo=
id,=E2=80=9D
paving the way for Israel to resume its large-scale military operations and
halting aid deliveries to Gaza.

=E2=80=9CIt is clear that Mladenov is conveying the Israeli vision of the a=
greement
and attempting to impose it on us=E2=80=94under the threat of renewed war=
=E2=80=94the
continuation of the current humanitarian catastrophe, and ongoing
killings,=E2=80=9D said the senior Hamas official. =E2=80=9CThis document i=
s not a
framework for an agreement; rather, it is an attempt to impose the
surrender that Netanyahu failed to achieve through war.=E2=80=9D

Israel has committed at least 3,338 ceasefire violations since the October
2025 agreement, according to Palestinian reports shared with mediators and
obtained by Drop Site=E2=80=94an average of roughly 13 violations per day. =
More
than 1,000 Palestinians have been killed and over 3,200 wounded in Israeli
attacks on Gaza since the agreement entered into force. Israel has also
continued to target and assassinate members of the Palestinian resistance,
including the commander of Hamas=E2=80=99s military wing and his successor =
within
ten days of one another. It has severely restricted the movement of
Palestinians and the entry of humanitarian supplies into Gaza, permitting
only 36 percent of the agreed quantity of aid to enter the Strip. Israeli
forces have also continued expanding the =E2=80=9Cyellow line=E2=80=9D sepa=
rating the areas
they occupy in Gaza further westward. Netanyahu recently pledged to expand
Israeli occupation to 70% of Gaza and said the ultimate aim is to conquer
the entire territory.

=E2=80=9CThere=E2=80=99s so much that could have been done since October of=
 2025 to stop
Israel. We were, back in October of 2025, the only people in the world that
had to negotiate an end to genocide. And here we are now in June of 2026,
still negotiating an end to genocide,=E2=80=9D Diana Buttu, a Palestinian H=
uman
Rights lawyer who served as an advisor to the Palestine Liberation
Organization during the Oslo negotiations from 2000-2005, told Drop Site.
=E2=80=9CThe amazing thing this time is that it=E2=80=99s not even that we=
=E2=80=99re negotiating
an end to genocide with the country that=E2=80=99s perpetrating genocide. I=
t=E2=80=99s that
we are now negotiating an end to genocide with a subcontractor.=E2=80=9D

In public=E2=80=94and in their meetings with Mladenov and other Board
officials=E2=80=94Hamas and other Palestinian factions consistently point t=
o the
fact that the October 2025 agreement narrowly focused on a ceasefire,
exchange of captives, the entry of humanitarian supplies and basic life
essentials, and phased Israeli redeployments. Since last October, Hamas
negotiators have maintained that they do not have the sole mandate to
negotiate on issues that strike at the core of the Palestinian liberation
struggle. They argued that discussions over the fate of the weapons held by
resistance groups and Gaza=E2=80=99s long-term political future must be neg=
otiated
with all Palestinian political factions through a democratic process.

Although it was not a requirement of the original text of the ceasefire
agreement, Hamas formally agreed to relinquish governing authority in Gaza
to the National Committee for Gaza Administration (NCAG), a technocratic
committee composed of non-partisan Palestinian experts. Hamas and
Palestinian Islamic Jihad formed working groups in Gaza to facilitate the
transfer to the NCAG. Israel, however, has blocked the committee from
entering Gaza and has falsely claimed the deal mandates that Hamas
completely disarm as a condition for the terms of the original deal to be
implemented.

=E2=80=9CWe want to see this administrative committee present in Gaza and c=
arrying
out its work there. Everything that needed to be prepared for this
committee to function has already been done,=E2=80=9D Osama Hamdan, a promi=
nent
Hamas leader, told
<https://substack.com/redirect/819aa489-2247-4131-8658-7709ad9b1a9b?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMmpnN3c0In0.EiQh6GHCeGDwSOkhrcQq-EFWfnqzokbaRGZ-JIVH1Ww>
Drop Site in May. He added that Hamas created a mechanism for handing over
power, guaranteeing the security of the Committee members, and facilitating
them assuming control of the police. =E2=80=9CDespite it being formed and a=
pproved,
Israel still refuses to allow it to enter, and Mladenov has failed to
convince the Israelis or compel them.=E2=80=9D

In the revised document, Mladenov makes the entry of the NCAG into Gaza and
the assumption of its duties contingent upon Palestinian acceptance of the
=E2=80=9Croadmap=E2=80=9D and the completion, within 14 days of an agreemen=
t, of the second
phase=E2=80=99s timeline and implementation mechanisms, particularly on Pal=
estinian
disarmament.

Israel insists it retains authority to assassinate Palestinian leaders and
fighters simply because they are senior members of Hamas or were involved
in the October 7 attacks. =E2=80=9CI promised that every single architect o=
f the
massacre and the hostage-taking would be eliminated down to the last one,
and we are very close to completing this mission,=E2=80=9D Netanyahu procla=
imed two
days after Israel assassinated Izz Al-Din Al-Haddad, commander of the
Qassam Brigades, Hamas=E2=80=99s armed wing, on May 15.

Neither Mladenov nor any other board officials have condemned Israel=E2=80=
=99s
ongoing assassination of officials from the very party it signed a
ceasefire with. Despite Israel=E2=80=99s open assassination campaign agains=
t Hamas
leadership in Gaza, Palestinian resistance factions have continued to
respect the terms of the ceasefire.

Although both Hamas and Israel signed the October 2025 document obliging
both parties to stop =E2=80=9Call military operations, including aerial and
artillery bombardment and targeting operations,=E2=80=9D Mladenov singled o=
ut the
Palestinian side in his revised document, stating that =E2=80=9CHamas and t=
he
Palestinian factions shall immediately cease all military activities.=E2=80=
=9D

Instead of holding Israel accountable, Mladenov=E2=80=99s public references=
 to
ceasefire violations generally avoid any mention of the perpetrator. The
ceasefire =E2=80=9Cis holding in a way that is not perfect. There are viola=
tions.
Some of them are serious. They mean civilians are still being killed,=E2=80=
=9D
Mladenov told the UN Security Council in a report on May 26, avoiding
mention of Israel, before drawing an equivalence between the October 7
attacks and the subsequent genocide in Gaza that, by conservative
estimates, killed more than 80,000 Palestinians.

=E2=80=9CAt this stage, the principal obstacle to full implementation remai=
ns
Hamas=E2=80=99s refusal to accept verified [weapons] decommissioning, relin=
quish
coercive control, and permit a genuine civilian transition in Gaza,=E2=80=
=9D
Mladenov added.

A month earlier, on April 19, Mladenov presented Hamas with a 15-point
=E2=80=9Croadmap=E2=80=9D he said was intended to govern the next phase of =
implementation
of a broader deal. While he has publicly described the proposal as a
mechanism for stabilization, verification, and institution-building,
Palestinian officials contend that it effectively rewrites the terms of the
original agreement by conditioning reconstruction, self-governance, and
Israeli withdrawal on Palestinian disarmament, while failing to compel
Israel to fulfill its first-phase obligations, including ceasing attacks,
allowing the agreed quantities of aid into Gaza, fully re-opening the Rafah
border crossing, and allowing early reconstruction efforts.

=E2=80=9CThey=E2=80=99ve effectively made it so that Palestinian life is on=
ly about
security for Israel and that=E2=80=99s it and nothing else. And it=E2=80=99=
s going to
continue to go down this path endlessly,=E2=80=9D said Buttu. =E2=80=9CEven=
 if the
[Palestinian] factions signed a blank piece of paper and said, =E2=80=98Tel=
l us
what you want,=E2=80=99 the Israelis are still going to be negotiating over=
 that
blank piece of paper.=E2=80=9D

*Read: =E2=80=9CThe Occupation=E2=80=99s Conditions=E2=80=9D: Trump=E2=80=
=99s Board of Peace Demands that
Hamas Surrender to Netanyahu=E2=80=99s Gaza Agenda
<https://substack.com/redirect/819aa489-2247-4131-8658-7709ad9b1a9b?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMmpnN3c0In0.EiQh6GHCeGDwSOkhrcQq-EFWfnqzokbaRGZ-JIVH1Ww>*

The most consequential issue addressed in the exchanged documents obtained
by Drop Site concerns the future of Palestinian weapons. Trump and
Netanyahu have falsely claimed that Hamas is violating the deal by not
immediately surrendering its weapons and Israel has, at times, cited this
as a justification for continuing its attacks against Gaza.

In their June 13 response to Mladenov, Hamas and the Palestinian factions
proposed a gradual process for the registration and storage of heavy
weapons in parallel with Israeli withdrawal from Gaza and contingent upon
the completion of the first phase of the agreement, the entry of the
National Committee for Gaza Administration (NCAG), the deployment of the
International Stabilization Force (ISF), and the dismantling of
Israel-backed armed militias in the Strip. Mladenov=E2=80=99s revised text,
however, substantially altered both the scope and sequencing of the process=
.

The Palestinian proposal is limited to =E2=80=9Cheavy weapons=E2=80=9D and =
focuses on their
registration and storage according to an agreed timetable under the joint
supervision of the NCAG and Palestinian factions and organizations.
Resistance leaders have told Drop Site that Israel is aware that they do
not possess powerful weapons and charge that Israel is using the issue of
disarmament as a proxy for demanding a public surrender ritual. According
to both Israeli and U.S. assessments, the rockets and missile stockpiles of
Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad have been largely spent or destroyed
during the war.

=E2=80=9CThere=E2=80=99s practically no heavy weapons in Gaza,=E2=80=9D Net=
anyahu acknowledged in
February. =E2=80=9CThere=E2=80=99s no artillery. There=E2=80=99s no tanks. =
There=E2=80=99s nothing.=E2=80=9D As
part of his campaign to entirely strip Palestinians of any weapons that
could be used to defend Gaza from Israeli attacks, Netanyahu portrayed
assault rifles as the greatest threat. =E2=80=9CThe heavy weapon, the one t=
hat does
the most damage, is called an AK-47,=E2=80=9D he declared. =E2=80=9CThey di=
d the worst
massacre of the Jewish people since the Holocaust with AK-47s.=E2=80=9D

Senior resistance officials have repeatedly expressed willingness
<https://substack.com/redirect/11864a83-04c5-422c-b434-f1fa88c39135?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMmpnN3c0In0.EiQh6GHCeGDwSOkhrcQq-EFWfnqzokbaRGZ-JIVH1Ww>
to =E2=80=9Cfreeze=E2=80=9D and store weapons as part of a long-term truce =
that would
ultimately lead to the establishment of a Palestinian state with its own
army.

In its official response to Trump=E2=80=99s initiative leading to the Octob=
er 2025
ceasefire deal, Hamas argued that neither it nor any single faction
possesses the authority to negotiate away the weapons of the Palestinian
people, maintaining that resistance is a right guaranteed under
international law and that any future arrangements concerning weapons must
be reached through Palestinian national consensus. =E2=80=9CThe weapons pre=
sent in
Gaza are primarily weapons of willpower,=E2=80=9D Mohammed Al-Hindi, the co=
-founder
of Palestinian Islamic Jihad, told Drop Site at the time.

In his response to Hamas last week, however, Mladenov expanded the
provision on disarmament into a process to =E2=80=9Cstore and decommission=
=E2=80=9D
weapons. His text also broadened the scope beyond heavy weapons to include
weapons depots, tunnels, military production facilities, and the weapons
stored within them. More significantly, it added a final condition
stipulating that, upon completion of the process, Hamas and other
Palestinian factions would no longer =E2=80=9Chold, store, control or have =
access
to any weapons.=E2=80=9D The revisions transform the provision from a mecha=
nism
governing specific categories of weapons within the context of a long-term
truce into a roadmap for the comprehensive dismantlement of Palestinian
armed resistance.

These changes become even more significant when read alongside Mladenov=E2=
=80=99s
revisions to the provisions governing the International Stabilization Force
(ISF), the multi-national troops that would be commanded and overseen by
Trump=E2=80=99s Board of Peace, and the withdrawal of Israeli forces.

Hamas=E2=80=99s draft envisioned the ISF primarily as a buffer force separa=
ting
Israeli troops from areas administered by the NCAG, monitoring compliance
with the ceasefire, and protecting the delivery of life essentials.
Mladenov retained those functions but significantly expanded the force=E2=
=80=99s
mandate. Although the proposal states that the ISF would not conduct
policing operations or engage in matters related to Palestinian society, it
simultaneously assigns the force a role in training Palestinian police as
well as =E2=80=9Csupport[ing] the decommissioning process.=E2=80=9D Mladeno=
v=E2=80=99s draft does
not explain what that support would entail, but several nations that Trump
and the Board have sought to enlist as participants in the ISF have
explicitly said that they would not participate in a mission to disarm or
confront Palestinian resistance forces.

Hamas proposed that Israeli forces withdraw in phases =E2=80=9Cuntil they a=
re
outside the borders of the Gaza Strip=E2=80=9D with the ISF assuming positi=
ons in
areas vacated by Israeli forces. Hamas said that in parallel to verified
stages of Israeli withdrawal, it would implement the agreed upon terms
regarding its weapons. Mladenov=E2=80=99s response, however, limits Israeli
withdrawal only to =E2=80=9CGaza=E2=80=99s perimeter=E2=80=9D and says it w=
ould occur only with
=E2=80=9Cverified progress=E2=80=9D in the weapons decommissioning process.

As these negotiations have proceeded, Israel has expanded its occupation of
Gaza and has completely bulldozed and razed the area east of the =E2=80=9Cy=
ellow
line=E2=80=9D it controls. As Drop Site reported
<https://substack.com/redirect/612a4856-e971-4f00-944d-6788d1069bab?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMmpnN3c0In0.EiQh6GHCeGDwSOkhrcQq-EFWfnqzokbaRGZ-JIVH1Ww>
in May, Israel has built and fortified 38 military bases in eastern Gaza,
paved roads leading to the bases, and erected 25 kilometers of massive
earth berms to physically divide Gaza. From the perspective of Palestinian
negotiators, these are not the actions of a party that is planning to
withdraw, but the re-establishment of a long-term occupation.

*Read more: In Campaign to Seize More of Gaza, Israel Expands Attacks on
Palestinians Near =E2=80=9CYellow Line=E2=80=9D
<https://substack.com/redirect/2916f4dc-627e-46ba-8dbe-48e1ba4f57d9?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMmpnN3c0In0.EiQh6GHCeGDwSOkhrcQq-EFWfnqzokbaRGZ-JIVH1Ww>*

=E2=80=9CThe mediators and the American guarantor must ensure that the occu=
pation
abides by the agreement it has already signed,=E2=80=9D said the senior Ham=
as
official. =E2=80=9CMladenov, for his part, should step outside the sphere o=
f
Israeli influence, adopt a more objective approach, and demonstrate greater
adherence to international law.=E2=80=9D

Al-Arian said that the Trump administration has largely abandoned the Gaza
negotiation process and U.S. officials almost never mention it publicly.
This has allowed Israel to set the agenda, not only through its
representatives on the board, but by rejecting terms the Palestinians and
mediators embrace. =E2=80=9CWe=E2=80=99re talking about a process that=E2=
=80=99s essentially on
autopilot=E2=80=94there=E2=80=99s not a lot that=E2=80=99s being driven pri=
ncipally at the elite
levels of American policy making or decision making,=E2=80=9D Al-Arian said=
. =E2=80=9CA lot
of this does get outsourced to elements of the Israel lobby, to the Israeli
government itself and to their most ardent defenders within the U.S.
government.=E2=80=9D

Despite the dire humanitarian reality, Israel=E2=80=99s public statements o=
f intent
to occupy Gaza, and the pervasive violations of the original ceasefire
agreement, the central focus of the negotiations remains disarming the
Palestinian resistance. =E2=80=9CThis is so indicative of the approach that=
 the
Americans have taken, that the Israelis have taken, and that effectively
the world has taken, which is that it=E2=80=99s all about front loading Isr=
aeli
security. And then who cares about Palestinians in the end?=E2=80=9D said B=
uttu.
=E2=80=9CThey=E2=80=99ve completely ignored genocide, they=E2=80=99ve compl=
etely ignored the bigger
picture of what=E2=80=99s happening to the two million people that are in G=
aza. And
if we don=E2=80=99t agree on every single word and every single I that=E2=
=80=99s dotted and
T crossed, then Palestinians are just going to continue to starve.=E2=80=9D
<https://substack.com/redirect/59d733fb-a2c7-4ece-bae8-c52010f273bb?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMmpnN3c0In0.EiQh6GHCeGDwSOkhrcQq-EFWfnqzokbaRGZ-JIVH1Ww>
This
picture taken from a position in southern Israel, on the border with the
Gaza Strip, shows destroyed buildings inside the beseiged territory on June
10, 2026. Photo by Jack GUEZ / AFP via Getty Images.
*Israel=E2=80=99s Forever Veto*

While both Palestinian negotiators and Mladenov identify President Trump=E2=
=80=99s
20-point =E2=80=9CGaza Comprehensive Peace Plan=E2=80=9D and UN Security Co=
uncil Resolution
2803 as the framework guiding implementation, Hamas=E2=80=99s version place=
s
greater emphasis on Palestinian national objectives and political
participation.

Hamas=E2=80=99s draft states that the process should lead to self-determina=
tion and
Palestinian statehood =E2=80=9Cin accordance with international law and rel=
evant
United Nations resolutions.=E2=80=9D Mladenov=E2=80=99s version removes bot=
h references,
instead describing the outcome as =E2=80=9Ccreating conditions for a credib=
le
pathway=E2=80=9D toward self-determination and statehood.

Differences also emerge in the provisions governing postwar administration.
Hamas=E2=80=99s draft states that governance in Gaza shall be conducted acc=
ording
to the principle of =E2=80=9COne Authority, One Palestinian Law, and One We=
apon.=E2=80=9D
The NCAG, Palestinian negotiators wrote, =E2=80=9Cshall guarantee the funda=
mental
rights and public freedoms=E2=80=94both individual and collective=E2=80=94e=
nshrined in
international conventions and human rights principles, including equality
and non-discrimination on the basis of gender, religion, color, race, or
political affiliation.=E2=80=9D

Mladenov=E2=80=99s response retains the language of unified authority and a=
rms
control but removes the reference to =E2=80=9CPalestinian=E2=80=9D law, rep=
lacing it with a
commitment to operate in accordance with =E2=80=9Crelevant Palestinian laws=
,
relevant international standards, and principles of good governance.=E2=80=
=9D It
also removed the Palestinian negotiators=E2=80=99 references to respect for=
 human
rights and non-discrimination and stated bluntly, =E2=80=9COnly personnel
authorized by the NCAG may possess weapons.=E2=80=9D

Mladenov=E2=80=99s revised text recasts the agreement from a roadmap toward
Palestinian political objectives into a framework centered on
administration, oversight, and security arrangements. Where Hamas=E2=80=99s
proposal repeatedly links implementation to Palestinian self-determination,
statehood, and nationally led governance, Mladenov=E2=80=99s version largel=
y frames
those outcomes as conditional possibilities dependent on Palestinian
compliance with a series of security and governance benchmarks.

The Palestinian negotiators made clear they want the NCAG Palestinian
technocratic committee recognized as a transitional governing authority
that will remain in power until elections are held across all Palestinian
territories. =E2=80=9CHamas and the Palestinian factions agree to hand over=
 and
transfer governance in Gaza to the National Committee for Gaza
Administration. The Committee shall enjoy full independence in carrying out
its duties, and there shall be no interference in its affairs during the
transitional period,=E2=80=9D they wrote.

In their draft, the Palestinian negotiators suggested that the NCAG be
empowered to =E2=80=9Cfulfill all legal obligations and commitments arising=
 from
the current administration of the Gaza Strip.=E2=80=9D Mladenov=E2=80=99s d=
raft excises
this phrase, stating instead that the NCAG will be =E2=80=9Cresponsible onl=
y for
financial liabilities incurred on or after the date it assumes control.=E2=
=80=9D

Mladenov=E2=80=99s amended draft relegates the Palestinian committee to a r=
ole as
an administrator working on behalf of the Board, saying NCAG =E2=80=9Cshall=
, upon
assuming responsibilities and where possible, preserve continuity of
essential civil and administrative functions and civil-registry records.=E2=
=80=9D
According to Trump=E2=80=99s 20-point plan, the NCAG will not be an indepen=
dent
governing body, but will operate under the =E2=80=9Coversight and supervisi=
on=E2=80=9D of
Trump and his board. The BoP =E2=80=9Cwill call on best international stand=
ards to
create modern and efficient governance that serves the people of Gaza and
is conducive to attracting investment,=E2=80=9D the plan stated.

The Palestinian negotiators put forward a clear proposal to reunite the
governance of Gaza and the West Bank, writing that the Board of Peace would
be responsible for =E2=80=9Coverseeing the orderly transfer of governance=
=E2=80=9D to the
NCAG, which would ultimately hand power back to the Palestinian Authority
as part of a process =E2=80=9Cleading to the establishment of a Palestinian=
 state
and the realization of self-determination.=E2=80=9D They included language =
calling
on the Board to cooperate with the United Nations to ensure Israeli
withdrawal from Gaza and reiterating that the Board=E2=80=99s mandate expir=
es at
the end of 2027.

Mladenov=E2=80=99s draft ignores all of these points entirely, stating only=
 that
Hamas and other Palestinian factions agree to hand over power to the NCAG
and they =E2=80=9Cshall not intervene in NCAG affairs.=E2=80=9D

Mladenov=E2=80=99s draft does not mention the Palestinian Authority at all.=
 =E2=80=9CEven
the one entity, the one Palestinian political body that has achieved
international legitimacy and that has worked directly with Israel is being
ignored in this agreement as part of that strategy to ensure that there=E2=
=80=99s
no continuity with any kind of Palestinian body,=E2=80=9D said Al-Arian. =
=E2=80=9CWhat we
have is a process that is essentially attempting to ensure Israel=E2=80=99s
interests and to ensure a kind of frustrated process with no end in sight,
similar to what we saw for three decades with Oslo,=E2=80=9D he added. =E2=
=80=9CThis
largely does come down to something we=E2=80=99ve seen historically, which =
is that
Israel has maintained a major veto power over any negotiation process.=E2=
=80=9D

Trump=E2=80=99s 20-point plan stated that his private Board would rule Gaza
indefinitely until a reformed Palestinian Authority =E2=80=9Ccan securely a=
nd
effectively take back control of Gaza.=E2=80=9D

The two texts also differ on who will oversee Gaza=E2=80=99s reconstruction=
.
Hamas=E2=80=99s proposal places reconstruction under the supervision of the=
 NCAG
and explicitly ties it to plans adopted by the Arab League and the
Organization of Islamic Cooperation, embedding the process within broader
Arab and Islamic political frameworks. Mladenov=E2=80=99s revision replaces=
 those
references with a reconstruction plan jointly developed by the BoP and its
subordinate NCAG, reducing the role of regional Palestinian and Arab-backed
institutions while expanding the influence of newly created mechanisms tied
to Trump and his Board.

Alongside its continued bombardment and territorial expansion, Israel has
increasingly relied on a network of Palestinian militias operating in areas
under Israeli control in Gaza. At least five such groups, established
between April and September 2025, have emerged across the enclave,
collectively numbering a few hundred fighters. Operating largely behind the
=E2=80=9Cyellow line,=E2=80=9D these militias have received Israeli weapons=
, intelligence,
logistical support, and, in some cases, medical treatment inside Israel.

Israel=E2=80=99s support for the militias was publicly acknowledged by Prim=
e
Minister Benjamin Netanyahu last June, when he said the government had
=E2=80=9Cactivated=E2=80=9D powerful local clans in Gaza on the advice of =
=E2=80=9Csecurity
officials=E2=80=9D to assist in the fight against Hamas.

Among the most prominent groups are the Popular Forces, originally led by
Yasser Abu Shabab before his death in December and now headed by Ghassan
al-Dahini in eastern Rafah; the Strike Force Against Terror, led by former
Palestinian Authority security officer Hussam al-Astal in Khan Younis; and
the Free Homeland Forces under Shawqi Abu Nuseira in central Gaza. Several
of the militia leaders and members have a history of criminal activity,
looting and smuggling aid, including during the genocide, collaboration
with Israel, as well as ties to extremist groups, among them ISIS.

The militias have increasingly carried out raids, assassinations, and
abductions, while establishing armed checkpoints in coordination with
Israeli forces. Palestinians traveling through Rafah since the ceasefire
have reported being stopped by gunmen affiliated with the Popular Forces
and subjected to harassment, beatings, and theft. In recent months, the
militias have launched repeated operations into areas near the =E2=80=9Cyel=
low
line,=E2=80=9D including targeted killings of police officers and attacks c=
onducted
under Israeli air cover. In April, fighters linked to Abu Nuseira=E2=80=99s=
 Free
Homeland Forces carried out an assault
<https://substack.com/redirect/c08de578-0f05-483e-8ef6-4e7fdac3b5f0?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMmpnN3c0In0.EiQh6GHCeGDwSOkhrcQq-EFWfnqzokbaRGZ-JIVH1Ww>
on Al-Maghazi refugee camp that killed at least ten Palestinians. Another
raid on the same camp in May killed five Palestinians.

Some of the militias have said they aim to establish enclaves where
civilians would live under their rule, in areas under Israeli control in
the east of the Gaza Strip. In practice, however, the vast majority of
Gaza=E2=80=99s approximately two million residents remain concentrated in r=
oughly
30 percent of the Strip bordering the sea. One militia leader previously
told
<https://substack.com/redirect/51445dd8-f16f-4490-9655-a45880295271?j=3DeyJ=
1IjoiMmpnN3c0In0.EiQh6GHCeGDwSOkhrcQq-EFWfnqzokbaRGZ-JIVH1Ww>
the Times of Israel that the militias envision themselves as part of a =E2=
=80=9Cnew
Gaza=E2=80=9D that would emerge after the end of Hamas rule.

Hamas=E2=80=99s proposal calls for the immediate dismantling of the militia=
s and
the confiscation of their weapons upon implementation of the agreement,
with an International Verification Committee responsible for confirming
completion of the process. Hamas=E2=80=99s draft further includes provision=
s aimed
at regularizing the status of militia members who wish to reintegrate into
Palestinian society. Mladenov, however, proposed approaching the
disarmament of these Israeli-sponsored forces, which many Palestinians view
as criminal death squads, in a similar manner to Palestinian resistance
movements. His proposal would permit the Israeli-backed militias to
gradually decommission and store their weapons according to an agreed
timetable under the authority of the NCAG.

Hamas officials say they do not know when the Palestinian factions will
deliver their response to Mladenov, but Qassem stated they are =E2=80=9Cfor=
mulating
a unified and responsible response that prioritizes the interests of the
Palestinian people and supports efforts to end the ongoing genocidal war in
the Gaza Strip.=E2=80=9D

Buttu said history shows that regardless of how the Palestinian negotiators
respond=E2=80=94and even if they reach an agreement with Mladenov and Trump=
=E2=80=94Israel
will continue to set its own rules and launch attacks whenever it pleases.
By forcing the Palestinians into a labyrinthine bureaucratic process
subject to ongoing Israeli veto, the fundamental realities of life in Gaza
will continue to deteriorate.

=E2=80=9CIsrael can keep going for months and months and they will continue=
 to be
in the driver=E2=80=99s seat and they don=E2=80=99t care. And in fact, it=
=E2=80=99s kind of better
for them if this continues to go on for months and months because then they
can just continue their attacks with the excuse that there=E2=80=99s still
discussions happening,=E2=80=9D Buttu said. =E2=80=9CIt=E2=80=99s as though=
 nothing has happened
over the course of the past two and a half years. They=E2=80=99re still usi=
ng food
as a weapon. They=E2=80=99re still using healthcare as a weapon. Everything=
 is
still happening. So the status quo, it=E2=80=99s not like it=E2=80=99s dyna=
mic. It=E2=80=99s
actually getting worse over time. To whose benefit is that other than
Israel=E2=80=99s?=E2=80=9D

As the negotiations continue, Israel has forged ahead with constructing
military infrastructure in the east of Gaza. Al-Arian believes that the
central Israeli aim remains the total erasure of the Strip as a Palestinian
territory, so Israel=E2=80=99s position on prolonging the negotiations is a=
imed at
ensuring that agenda advances.

=E2=80=9CAll of this serves the Israeli interest, which is in the long term=
 to find
a way to either ethnically cleanse the population and to reoccupy it and
possibly resettle it,=E2=80=9D Al-Arian said. =E2=80=9CUnfortunately it=E2=
=80=99s quite grim absent
any kind of external intervention.=E2=80=9D

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"lt=
r"><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div style=3D"font-kerning:auto"><br><div sty=
le=3D"display:none;font-size:1px;color:#333333;line-height:1px;max-height:0=
px;max-width:0px;opacity:0;overflow:hidden">Draft proposals obtained by Dro=
p Site show Trump=E2=80=99s board attempting to force a Palestinian surrend=
er that Israel could not achieve in war.</div><div style=3D"display:none;fo=
nt-size:1px;color:#333333;line-height:1px;max-height:0px;max-width:0px;opac=
ity:0;overflow:hidden">=CD=8F =C2=A0 =E2=80=87 =C2=AD=CD=8F =C2=A0 =E2=80=
=87 =C2=AD=CD=8F =C2=A0 =E2=80=87 =C2=AD=CD=8F =C2=A0 =E2=80=87 =C2=AD=CD=
=8F =C2=A0 =E2=80=87 =C2=AD=CD=8F =C2=A0 =E2=80=87 =C2=AD=CD=8F =C2=A0 =E2=
=80=87 =C2=AD=CD=8F =C2=A0 =E2=80=87 =C2=AD=CD=8F =C2=A0 =E2=80=87 =C2=AD=
=CD=8F =C2=A0 =E2=80=87 =C2=AD=CD=8F =C2=A0 =E2=80=87 =C2=AD=CD=8F =C2=A0 =
=E2=80=87 =C2=AD=CD=8F =C2=A0 =E2=80=87 =C2=AD=CD=8F =C2=A0 =E2=80=87 =C2=
=AD=CD=8F =C2=A0 =E2=80=87 =C2=AD=CD=8F =C2=A0 =E2=80=87 =C2=AD=CD=8F =C2=
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tyle=3D"font-size:16px;line-height:26px"><h1 dir=3D"auto" style=3D"directio=
n:auto;text-align:start;unicode-bidi:isolate;color:rgb(54,55,55);font-famil=
y:&#39;SF Pro Display&#39;,-apple-system-headline,system-ui,-apple-system,B=
linkMacSystemFont,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,&#39=
;Apple Color Emoji&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI Emoji&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI Symbol&#39;;=
font-weight:bold;margin:0;line-height:36px;font-size:32px"><a href=3D"https=
://substack.com/app-link/post?publication_id=3D2510348&amp;post_id=3D203276=
244&amp;utm_source=3Dpost-email-title&amp;utm_campaign=3Demail-post-title&a=
mp;isFreemail=3Dtrue&amp;r=3D2jg7w4&amp;token=3DeyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoxNTM2MDE3ODA=
sInBvc3RfaWQiOjIwMzI3NjI0NCwiaWF0IjoxNzgyMjM2MzA3LCJleHAiOjE3ODQ4MjgzMDcsIm=
lzcyI6InB1Yi0yNTEwMzQ4Iiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.m5iR6RR2WLMigVo4aPTC=
_gR1oMcPkDwW64vC0r4Uq6c" style=3D"color:rgb(54,55,55);text-decoration:none"=
 target=3D"_blank">Exclusive: Internal Documents Show Trump=E2=80=99s =E2=
=80=9CBoard of Peace=E2=80=9C Moving to Crush Palestinian Self-Determinatio=
n</a></h1><h3 dir=3D"auto" style=3D"direction:auto;text-align:start;unicode=
-bidi:isolate;font-family:&#39;SF Pro Display&#39;,-apple-system-headline,s=
ystem-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,Roboto,Helveti=
ca,Arial,sans-serif,&#39;Apple Color Emoji&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI Emoji&#39;,&#=
39;Segoe UI Symbol&#39;;font-weight:normal;margin:4px 0 0;color:#777777;lin=
e-height:24px;font-size:18px;margin-top:12px">Draft proposals obtained by D=
rop Site show Trump=E2=80=99s board attempting to force a Palestinian surre=
nder that Israel could not achieve in war.</h3><table role=3D"presentation"=
 width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0" style=3D"m=
argin:1em 0;height:20px"><tbody><tr><td><table role=3D"presentation" width=
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table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"auto" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" c=
ellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"vertical-align:middle"><div style=
=3D"list-style:none;font-size:11px;line-height:20px;text-decoration:unset;c=
olor:rgb(54,55,55);margin:0;font-family:&#39;SF Compact&#39;,-apple-system,=
system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,Roboto,Helvet=
ica,Arial,sans-serif,&#39;Apple Color Emoji&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI Emoji&#39;,&=
#39;Segoe UI Symbol&#39;;font-weight:500;text-transform:uppercase;letter-sp=
acing:.2px"><a style=3D"list-style:none;color:rgb(54,55,55);margin:0;font-s=
ize:11px;line-height:20px;font-family:&#39;SF Compact&#39;,-apple-system,sy=
stem-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,Roboto,Helvetic=
a,Arial,sans-serif,&#39;Apple Color Emoji&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI Emoji&#39;,&#3=
9;Segoe UI Symbol&#39;;font-weight:500;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spac=
ing:.2px;text-decoration:none" href=3D"https://substack.com/@jeremyscahill"=
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 Compact&#39;,-apple-system,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&#39=
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;,&#39;Segoe UI Emoji&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI Symbol&#39;;font-weight:500;text-t=
ransform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.2px;text-decoration:none" href=3D"https:=
//substack.com/@jawaahmad" target=3D"_blank">Jawa Ahmad</a></div></td></tr>=
</tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td><table role=3D"presentation" width=3D"aut=
o" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D=
"vertical-align:middle"><div style=3D"list-style:none;font-size:11px;line-h=
eight:20px;text-decoration:unset;color:rgb(119,119,119);margin:0;font-famil=
y:&#39;SF Compact&#39;,-apple-system,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystem=
Font,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,&#39;Apple Color =
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ody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td align=3D"right"><table role=
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n.com/image/fetch/$s_!F1qs!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3=
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idth:550px;border:none;vertical-align:middle;width:32px;height:32px;min-wid=
th:32px;min-height:32px;object-fit:cover;margin:0px;display:inline;border-r=
adius:50%" width=3D"32" height=3D"32"></a></td><td width=3D"4" style=3D"min=
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table>Palestinians living in Al-Shati refugee camp in Gaza City, Palestine =
on May 14, 2026. Photo by Anas Zeyad Fteha/Anadolu via Getty Images.</div><=
p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size=
:16px"><span>Soon after President Donald Trump=E2=80=99s self-congratulator=
y tour for =E2=80=9Cending=E2=80=9D the Gaza war last October, replete with=
 ceremonies in which various kings, emirs, and presidents praised him, Isra=
el made clear it had no intention of respecting the terms of the deal. It c=
ontinued to kill Palestinians on a near daily basis and began limiting the =
entry of the agreed upon life essentials to the Strip stipulated in the cea=
sefire agreement.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,5=
5);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>Nonetheless, Trump pulled off a c=
oup the following month when he got the UN Security Council to endorse his =
Gaza plan. In an unprecedented move, the council endorsed the deployment of=
 an international force that would not operate under the banner of the UN, =
but would instead be commanded and controlled by Trump and his private =E2=
=80=9CBoard of Peace=E2=80=9D=E2=80=94to which states could buy in for $1 b=
illion and receive permanent membership. In the big picture, Trump could wr=
ap the future edicts of his board in the veneer of UN legitimacy.</span></p=
><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-si=
ze:16px"><span>As Israel steadily expanded its military attacks on Gaza and=
 pushed its occupation forces deeper into the enclave instead of withdrawin=
g and repositioning them as agreed, Hamas officials told Drop Site that the=
y heard nothing from the Board of Peace until March.</span></p><p style=3D"=
margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><spa=
n>Since then, the negotiations over Gaza=E2=80=99s future have been stuck i=
n a diplomatic netherworld. Despite the pomp and circumstance manufactured =
by the White House after the signing of the deal and Trump=E2=80=99s promis=
e to guarantee it, the U.S. has refused to hold Israel to any of its obliga=
tions. While Hamas fulfilled its part of the deal and handed over all of it=
s captives to Israel, both alive and dead, Israel has repeatedly violated n=
early every term of the agreement and has killed more than 1,000 Palestinia=
ns since the signing of the deal in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt.</span></p><p st=
yle=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16p=
x"><span>The talks that have taken place have overwhelmingly centered on at=
tempts by the board to force through changes never agreed to by Palestinian=
s, and effectively transforming a limited ceasefire agreement into a broade=
r political settlement premised on the disarmament of the Palestinian resis=
tance and the abandonment of its national liberation struggle. In a report =
to the UN Security Council in May, the board called disarming the Palestini=
an resistance =E2=80=9Cthe single factor that unlocks every other element o=
f the plan.=E2=80=9D The BoP=E2=80=99s proposal, if enacted, would leave Ga=
za with only a local police force tasked with internal law enforcement and =
no resistance forces capable of defending Gaza against Israeli occupation o=
r ongoing attacks.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,=
55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>Now, with Western and regional m=
edia coverage firmly focused on Iran and the Israeli assault on Lebanon, th=
e current negotiations between Palestinians and the BoP have been almost en=
tirely ignored.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55)=
;line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>But the Board of Peace is continuin=
g to try to chisel away at any possibility of Palestinian statehood through=
 a 15-point =E2=80=9Croadmap=E2=80=9D it first presented to Hamas and other=
 Palestinian resistance factions in April. Drop Site News obtained two docu=
ments from the latest round of negotiations between the Palestinians and Tr=
ump=E2=80=99s board. The first is the full text of the Palestinian negotiat=
ors=E2=80=99 proposed amendments to the board=E2=80=99s roadmap for address=
ing a range of issues, including the demand that Hamas, Palestinian Islamic=
 Jihad, and their allies submit to total disarmament. The revised document =
was delivered to the board on June 13. The second document is the response =
delivered to the Palestinian side last week by Nickolay Mladenov, the BoP=
=E2=80=99s =E2=80=9CHigh Representative.=E2=80=9D</span></p><p style=3D"mar=
gin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>T=
aken together, the two versions of the roadmap offer detailed insights into=
 the extent to which Trump=E2=80=99s board is trying to erode Palestinian i=
nsistence that any long term deal must include a clear path to statehood, t=
hat Gaza and the occupied West Bank be treated as a single Palestinian terr=
itory, and that the rights of the Palestinian people to resist Israeli occu=
pation and annexation be preserved.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0=
;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>=E2=80=9CWhat w=
e=E2=80=99re seeing is an attempt, in the shadow of a genocide, to dismantl=
e the Palestinian resistance through all of these kinds of preconditions,=
=E2=80=9D said Abdullah Al-Arian, an associate professor of history at Geor=
getown University in Qatar. =E2=80=9CThe interpretation of this agreement i=
s in the hands of actors who are, for the most part, beholden to prioritizi=
ng Israel=E2=80=99s security.=E2=80=9D</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20p=
x 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>Mladenov, Bu=
lgaria=E2=80=99s former Defense and Foreign Minister, served as UN Special =
Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process from 2015 to 2020. He serves =
as </span><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/aec08c35-da1c-4320-b197-=
a0567228721d?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMmpnN3c0In0.EiQh6GHCeGDwSOkhrcQq-EFWfnqzokbaRGZ-JI=
VH1Ww" style=3D"color:#00058c;text-decoration:none" target=3D"_blank"><span=
>director general</span></a><span> of a research academy that trains diplom=
ats from the United Arab Emirates, Israel=E2=80=99s closest Arab ally. Unti=
l his appointment to Trump=E2=80=99s board, Mladenov was also a </span><a h=
ref=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/f0816b60-f723-47e6-ab59-528105a021d0?j=
=3DeyJ1IjoiMmpnN3c0In0.EiQh6GHCeGDwSOkhrcQq-EFWfnqzokbaRGZ-JIVH1Ww" style=
=3D"color:#00058c;text-decoration:none" target=3D"_blank"><span>visiting fe=
llow</span></a><span> at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, a p=
ro-Israel think tank established by veterans of AIPAC.</span></p><p style=
=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px">=
<span>In some recent negotiations with Hamas, Mladenov has been joined by a=
 senior Trump advisor, Rabbi Aryeh Lightstone, a hardline supporter of Isra=
el who played a key role in the 2020 Abraham Accords.</span></p><p style=3D=
"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><sp=
an>In their draft, the Palestinian negotiators insist that resolving the is=
sue of weapons can only be addressed as part of a =E2=80=9Cprocess that gua=
rantees the Palestinian people=E2=80=99s right to establish a Palestinian s=
tate and exercise their right to self-determination.=E2=80=9D The board=E2=
=80=99s draft says only that Palestinian disarmament =E2=80=9Cshall create =
conditions for a credible pathway.=E2=80=9D</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 =
0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>The doc=
uments also reveal how Trump=E2=80=99s board has embraced a decadeslong Isr=
aeli tactic of demanding detailed commitments from Palestinians on issues o=
f security and weapons, while offering only vague suggestions of potential =
Israeli commitments and providing the Palestinian side no substantive recou=
rse when Israel violates the terms.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0=
;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>=E2=80=9CMladen=
ov=E2=80=99s latest response reflects the occupation=E2=80=99s unwillingnes=
s to reach an agreement, despite the movement=E2=80=99s compliance with all=
 the demands placed upon it and the significant flexibility it has demonstr=
ated across various issues, including the question of weapons,=E2=80=9D a s=
enior Hamas official told Drop Site. He requested anonymity because the Pal=
estinian factions have not delivered their official response to Mladenov. =
=E2=80=9CIn its current form, this paper is unacceptable and cannot serve a=
s a basis for agreement.=E2=80=9D</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;c=
olor:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>The Board of Peac=
e did not respond to a detailed request for comment on a range of issues.</=
span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px=
;font-size:16px"><span>Hamas officials say the Palestinian factions are cur=
rently reviewing Mladenov=E2=80=99s reply to their proposed terms. Hazem Qa=
ssem, Hamas=E2=80=99s spokesperson in Gaza, said the amendments proposed in=
 the Palestinian draft and in a series of recent meetings in Cairo were wel=
comed by regional mediators from Qatar, Egypt, and Turkey. =E2=80=9CThe med=
iators expressed clear satisfaction with the Palestinian factions=E2=80=99 =
responses and viewed them as positive positions that could serve as a found=
ation for reaching a comprehensive agreement,=E2=80=9D Qassem said in a </s=
pan><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/2ae5c281-3a9c-4efa-88f7-6a0914=
d838fe?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMmpnN3c0In0.EiQh6GHCeGDwSOkhrcQq-EFWfnqzokbaRGZ-JIVH1Ww"=
 style=3D"color:#00058c;text-decoration:none" target=3D"_blank"><span>state=
ment</span></a><span>. =E2=80=9CMladenov continues to approach the file fro=
m a perspective close to the Israeli position, a view that was reflected in=
 the proposals he presented during his recent meeting,=E2=80=9D he argued, =
saying that Mladenov=E2=80=99s attempts to alter terms previously agreed up=
on with the mediators has =E2=80=9Chindered efforts to reach a final agreem=
ent.=E2=80=9D</span></p><div style=3D"font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margi=
n:32px auto"><table width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cellspacing=3D"0" cellpaddi=
ng=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"text-align:center"></td><td align=3D"left"=
 width=3D"1456" style=3D"text-align:center"><a href=3D"https://substack.com=
/redirect/1b3a4f9b-1674-460f-a88e-8b43d0bc2a1e?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMmpnN3c0In0.EiQh=
6GHCeGDwSOkhrcQq-EFWfnqzokbaRGZ-JIVH1Ww" style=3D"padding:0;width:auto;heig=
ht:auto;border:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin:0" target=3D"=
_blank"><img alt=3D"" width=3D"550" height=3D"366.41483516483515" src=3D"ht=
tps://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EpTN!,w_1100,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:go=
od,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%=
2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43272841-c122-4e13-87ec-b72b88ab6be2_4480x2984.jpeg" st=
yle=3D"border:none!important;vertical-align:middle;display:block;height:aut=
o;margin-bottom:0;width:auto!important;max-width:100%!important;margin:0 au=
to"></a></td><td style=3D"text-align:center"></td></tr></tbody></table>Pres=
ident Donald Trump holds a gavel during a signing ceremony at the inaugural=
 meeting of the =E2=80=9CBoard of Peace=E2=80=9D at the U.S. Institute of P=
eace in Washington, DC, on February 19, 2026. Photo by SAUL LOEB / AFP via =
Getty Images.</div><h2 style=3D"font-family:&#39;SF Pro Display&#39;,-apple=
-system-headline,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&#39;Segoe UI&#=
39;,Roboto,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif,&#39;Apple Color Emoji&#39;,&#39;Sego=
e UI Emoji&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI Symbol&#39;;font-weight:bold;margin:1em 0 0.6=
25em 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:1.16em;font-size:calc(1.625em*1)"><b=
><span>A Framework for Surrender</span></b></h2><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px=
 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>Palestinian n=
egotiators have maintained that since the signing of the October agreement,=
 Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and board officials, particularl=
y Mladenov, have introduced new conditions that were never part of the orig=
inal terms, including demands that Palestinian resistance factions relinqui=
sh their weapons as a condition for reconstruction to proceed and before Is=
raeli forces complete their withdrawal from the Gaza Strip. In May, Mladeno=
v and Lightstone threatened in a </span><a href=3D"https://substack.com/red=
irect/5877f581-366a-4637-b295-68abc681da32?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMmpnN3c0In0.EiQh6GHC=
eGDwSOkhrcQq-EFWfnqzokbaRGZ-JIVH1Ww" style=3D"color:#00058c;text-decoration=
:none" target=3D"_blank"><span>letter</span></a><span> to Palestinian offic=
ials that if Hamas refuses to capitulate to the disarmament edict, the ceas=
efire terms would be deemed =E2=80=9Cnull and void,=E2=80=9D paving the way=
 for Israel to resume its large-scale military operations and halting aid d=
eliveries to Gaza.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,=
55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>=E2=80=9CIt is clear that Mladen=
ov is conveying the Israeli vision of the agreement and attempting to impos=
e it on us=E2=80=94under the threat of renewed war=E2=80=94the continuation=
 of the current humanitarian catastrophe, and ongoing killings,=E2=80=9D sa=
id the senior Hamas official. =E2=80=9CThis document is not a framework for=
 an agreement; rather, it is an attempt to impose the surrender that Netany=
ahu failed to achieve through war.=E2=80=9D</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 =
0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>Israel =
has committed at least 3,338 ceasefire violations since the October 2025 ag=
reement, according to Palestinian reports shared with mediators and obtaine=
d by Drop Site=E2=80=94an average of roughly 13 violations per day. More th=
an 1,000 Palestinians have been killed and over 3,200 wounded in Israeli at=
tacks on Gaza since the agreement entered into force. Israel has also conti=
nued to target and assassinate members of the Palestinian resistance, inclu=
ding the commander of Hamas=E2=80=99s military wing and his successor withi=
n ten days of one another. It has severely restricted the movement of Pales=
tinians and the entry of humanitarian supplies into Gaza, permitting only 3=
6 percent of the agreed quantity of aid to enter the Strip. Israeli forces =
have also continued expanding the =E2=80=9Cyellow line=E2=80=9D separating =
the areas they occupy in Gaza further westward. Netanyahu recently pledged =
to expand Israeli occupation to 70% of Gaza and said the ultimate aim is to=
 conquer the entire territory.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;colo=
r:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>=E2=80=9CThere=E2=80=
=99s so much that could have been done since October of 2025 to stop Israel=
. We were, back in October of 2025, the only people in the world that had t=
o negotiate an end to genocide. And here we are now in June of 2026, still =
negotiating an end to genocide,=E2=80=9D Diana Buttu, a Palestinian Human R=
ights lawyer who served as an advisor to the Palestine Liberation Organizat=
ion during the Oslo negotiations from 2000-2005, told Drop Site. =E2=80=9CT=
he amazing thing this time is that it=E2=80=99s not even that we=E2=80=99re=
 negotiating an end to genocide with the country that=E2=80=99s perpetratin=
g genocide. It=E2=80=99s that we are now negotiating an end to genocide wit=
h a subcontractor.=E2=80=9D</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:r=
gb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>In public=E2=80=94and i=
n their meetings with Mladenov and other Board officials=E2=80=94Hamas and =
other Palestinian factions consistently point to the fact that the October =
2025 agreement narrowly focused on a ceasefire, exchange of captives, the e=
ntry of humanitarian supplies and basic life essentials, and phased Israeli=
 redeployments. Since last October, Hamas negotiators have maintained that =
they do not have the sole mandate to negotiate on issues that strike at the=
 core of the Palestinian liberation struggle. They argued that discussions =
over the fate of the weapons held by resistance groups and Gaza=E2=80=99s l=
ong-term political future must be negotiated with all Palestinian political=
 factions through a democratic process.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20=
px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>Although it=
 was not a requirement of the original text of the ceasefire agreement, Ham=
as formally agreed to relinquish governing authority in Gaza to the Nationa=
l Committee for Gaza Administration (NCAG), a technocratic committee compos=
ed of non-partisan Palestinian experts. Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad=
 formed working groups in Gaza to facilitate the transfer to the NCAG. Isra=
el, however, has blocked the committee from entering Gaza and has falsely c=
laimed the deal mandates that Hamas completely disarm as a condition for th=
e terms of the original deal to be implemented.</span></p><p style=3D"margi=
n:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>=E2=
=80=9CWe want to see this administrative committee present in Gaza and carr=
ying out its work there. Everything that needed to be prepared for this com=
mittee to function has already been done,=E2=80=9D Osama Hamdan, a prominen=
t Hamas leader, </span><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/819aa489-22=
47-4131-8658-7709ad9b1a9b?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMmpnN3c0In0.EiQh6GHCeGDwSOkhrcQq-EFWf=
nqzokbaRGZ-JIVH1Ww" style=3D"color:#00058c;text-decoration:none" target=3D"=
_blank"><span>told</span></a><span> Drop Site in May. He added that Hamas c=
reated a mechanism for handing over power, guaranteeing the security of the=
 Committee members, and facilitating them assuming control of the police. =
=E2=80=9CDespite it being formed and approved, Israel still refuses to allo=
w it to enter, and Mladenov has failed to convince the Israelis or compel t=
hem.=E2=80=9D</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);l=
ine-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>In the revised document, Mladenov mak=
es the entry of the NCAG into Gaza and the assumption of its duties conting=
ent upon Palestinian acceptance of the =E2=80=9Croadmap=E2=80=9D and the co=
mpletion, within 14 days of an agreement, of the second phase=E2=80=99s tim=
eline and implementation mechanisms, particularly on Palestinian disarmamen=
t.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:=
26px;font-size:16px"><span>Israel insists it retains authority to assassina=
te Palestinian leaders and fighters simply because they are senior members =
of Hamas or were involved in the October 7 attacks. =E2=80=9CI promised tha=
t every single architect of the massacre and the hostage-taking would be el=
iminated down to the last one, and we are very close to completing this mis=
sion,=E2=80=9D Netanyahu proclaimed two days after Israel assassinated Izz =
Al-Din Al-Haddad, commander of the Qassam Brigades, Hamas=E2=80=99s armed w=
ing, on May 15.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55)=
;line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>Neither Mladenov nor any other boar=
d officials have condemned Israel=E2=80=99s ongoing assassination of offici=
als from the very party it signed a ceasefire with. Despite Israel=E2=80=99=
s open assassination campaign against Hamas leadership in Gaza, Palestinian=
 resistance factions have continued to respect the terms of the ceasefire.<=
/span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26p=
x;font-size:16px"><span>Although both Hamas and Israel signed the October 2=
025 document obliging both parties to stop =E2=80=9Call military operations=
, including aerial and artillery bombardment and targeting operations,=E2=
=80=9D Mladenov singled out the Palestinian side in his revised document, s=
tating that =E2=80=9CHamas and the Palestinian factions shall immediately c=
ease all military activities.=E2=80=9D</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20p=
x 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>Instead of h=
olding Israel accountable, Mladenov=E2=80=99s public references to ceasefir=
e violations generally avoid any mention of the perpetrator. The ceasefire =
=E2=80=9Cis holding in a way that is not perfect. There are violations. Som=
e of them are serious. They mean civilians are still being killed,=E2=80=9D=
 Mladenov told the UN Security Council in a report on May 26, avoiding ment=
ion of Israel, before drawing an equivalence between the October 7 attacks =
and the subsequent genocide in Gaza that, by conservative estimates, killed=
 more than 80,000 Palestinians.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;col=
or:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>=E2=80=9CAt this st=
age, the principal obstacle to full implementation remains Hamas=E2=80=99s =
refusal to accept verified [weapons] decommissioning, relinquish coercive c=
ontrol, and permit a genuine civilian transition in Gaza,=E2=80=9D Mladenov=
 added.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-he=
ight:26px;font-size:16px"><span>A month earlier, on April 19, Mladenov pres=
ented Hamas with a 15-point =E2=80=9Croadmap=E2=80=9D he said was intended =
to govern the next phase of implementation of a broader deal. While he has =
publicly described the proposal as a mechanism for stabilization, verificat=
ion, and institution-building, Palestinian officials contend that it effect=
ively rewrites the terms of the original agreement by conditioning reconstr=
uction, self-governance, and Israeli withdrawal on Palestinian disarmament,=
 while failing to compel Israel to fulfill its first-phase obligations, inc=
luding ceasing attacks, allowing the agreed quantities of aid into Gaza, fu=
lly re-opening the Rafah border crossing, and allowing early reconstruction=
 efforts.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-=
height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>=E2=80=9CThey=E2=80=99ve effectively made=
 it so that Palestinian life is only about security for Israel and that=E2=
=80=99s it and nothing else. And it=E2=80=99s going to continue to go down =
this path endlessly,=E2=80=9D said Buttu. =E2=80=9CEven if the [Palestinian=
] factions signed a blank piece of paper and said, =E2=80=98Tell us what yo=
u want,=E2=80=99 the Israelis are still going to be negotiating over that b=
lank piece of paper.=E2=80=9D</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color=
:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><b><span>Read: </span><a hr=
ef=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/819aa489-2247-4131-8658-7709ad9b1a9b?j=
=3DeyJ1IjoiMmpnN3c0In0.EiQh6GHCeGDwSOkhrcQq-EFWfnqzokbaRGZ-JIVH1Ww" style=
=3D"color:#00058c;text-decoration:none" target=3D"_blank"><span>=E2=80=9CTh=
e Occupation=E2=80=99s Conditions=E2=80=9D: Trump=E2=80=99s Board of Peace =
Demands that Hamas Surrender to Netanyahu=E2=80=99s Gaza Agenda</span></a><=
/b></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;f=
ont-size:16px"><span>The most consequential issue addressed in the exchange=
d documents obtained by Drop Site concerns the future of Palestinian weapon=
s. Trump and Netanyahu have falsely claimed that Hamas is violating the dea=
l by not immediately surrendering its weapons and Israel has, at times, cit=
ed this as a justification for continuing its attacks against Gaza.</span><=
/p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-=
size:16px"><span>In their June 13 response to Mladenov, Hamas and the Pales=
tinian factions proposed a gradual process for the registration and storage=
 of heavy weapons in parallel with Israeli withdrawal from Gaza and conting=
ent upon the completion of the first phase of the agreement, the entry of t=
he National Committee for Gaza Administration (NCAG), the deployment of the=
 International Stabilization Force (ISF), and the dismantling of Israel-bac=
ked armed militias in the Strip. Mladenov=E2=80=99s revised text, however, =
substantially altered both the scope and sequencing of the process.</span><=
/p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-=
size:16px"><span>The Palestinian proposal is limited to =E2=80=9Cheavy weap=
ons=E2=80=9D and focuses on their registration and storage according to an =
agreed timetable under the joint supervision of the NCAG and Palestinian fa=
ctions and organizations. Resistance leaders have told Drop Site that Israe=
l is aware that they do not possess powerful weapons and charge that Israel=
 is using the issue of disarmament as a proxy for demanding a public surren=
der ritual. According to both Israeli and U.S. assessments, the rockets and=
 missile stockpiles of Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad have been largel=
y spent or destroyed during the war.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px =
0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>=E2=80=9CThere=
=E2=80=99s practically no heavy weapons in Gaza,=E2=80=9D Netanyahu acknowl=
edged in February. =E2=80=9CThere=E2=80=99s no artillery. There=E2=80=99s n=
o tanks. There=E2=80=99s nothing.=E2=80=9D As part of his campaign to entir=
ely strip Palestinians of any weapons that could be used to defend Gaza fro=
m Israeli attacks, Netanyahu portrayed assault rifles as the greatest threa=
t. =E2=80=9CThe heavy weapon, the one that does the most damage, is called =
an AK-47,=E2=80=9D he declared. =E2=80=9CThey did the worst massacre of the=
 Jewish people since the Holocaust with AK-47s.=E2=80=9D</span></p><p style=
=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px">=
<span>Senior resistance officials have repeatedly </span><a href=3D"https:/=
/substack.com/redirect/11864a83-04c5-422c-b434-f1fa88c39135?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMmp=
nN3c0In0.EiQh6GHCeGDwSOkhrcQq-EFWfnqzokbaRGZ-JIVH1Ww" style=3D"color:#00058=
c;text-decoration:none" target=3D"_blank"><span>expressed willingness</span=
></a><span> to =E2=80=9Cfreeze=E2=80=9D and store weapons as part of a long=
-term truce that would ultimately lead to the establishment of a Palestinia=
n state with its own army.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rg=
b(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>In its official response=
 to Trump=E2=80=99s initiative leading to the October 2025 ceasefire deal, =
Hamas argued that neither it nor any single faction possesses the authority=
 to negotiate away the weapons of the Palestinian people, maintaining that =
resistance is a right guaranteed under international law and that any futur=
e arrangements concerning weapons must be reached through Palestinian natio=
nal consensus. =E2=80=9CThe weapons present in Gaza are primarily weapons o=
f willpower,=E2=80=9D Mohammed Al-Hindi, the co-founder of Palestinian Isla=
mic Jihad, told Drop Site at the time.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20p=
x 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>In his respo=
nse to Hamas last week, however, Mladenov expanded the provision on disarma=
ment into a process to =E2=80=9Cstore and decommission=E2=80=9D weapons. Hi=
s text also broadened the scope beyond heavy weapons to include weapons dep=
ots, tunnels, military production facilities, and the weapons stored within=
 them. More significantly, it added a final condition stipulating that, upo=
n completion of the process, Hamas and other Palestinian factions would no =
longer =E2=80=9Chold, store, control or have access to any weapons.=E2=80=
=9D The revisions transform the provision from a mechanism governing specif=
ic categories of weapons within the context of a long-term truce into a roa=
dmap for the comprehensive dismantlement of Palestinian armed resistance.</=
span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px=
;font-size:16px"><span>These changes become even more significant when read=
 alongside Mladenov=E2=80=99s revisions to the provisions governing the Int=
ernational Stabilization Force (ISF), the multi-national troops that would =
be commanded and overseen by Trump=E2=80=99s Board of Peace, and the withdr=
awal of Israeli forces.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(5=
4,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>Hamas=E2=80=99s draft envis=
ioned the ISF primarily as a buffer force separating Israeli troops from ar=
eas administered by the NCAG, monitoring compliance with the ceasefire, and=
 protecting the delivery of life essentials. Mladenov retained those functi=
ons but significantly expanded the force=E2=80=99s mandate. Although the pr=
oposal states that the ISF would not conduct policing operations or engage =
in matters related to Palestinian society, it simultaneously assigns the fo=
rce a role in training Palestinian police as well as =E2=80=9Csupport[ing] =
the decommissioning process.=E2=80=9D Mladenov=E2=80=99s draft does not exp=
lain what that support would entail, but several nations that Trump and the=
 Board have sought to enlist as participants in the ISF have explicitly sai=
d that they would not participate in a mission to disarm or confront Palest=
inian resistance forces.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(=
54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>Hamas proposed that Israel=
i forces withdraw in phases =E2=80=9Cuntil they are outside the borders of =
the Gaza Strip=E2=80=9D with the ISF assuming positions in areas vacated by=
 Israeli forces. Hamas said that in parallel to verified stages of Israeli =
withdrawal, it would implement the agreed upon terms regarding its weapons.=
 Mladenov=E2=80=99s response, however, limits Israeli withdrawal only to =
=E2=80=9CGaza=E2=80=99s perimeter=E2=80=9D and says it would occur only wit=
h =E2=80=9Cverified progress=E2=80=9D in the weapons decommissioning proces=
s.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:=
26px;font-size:16px"><span>As these negotiations have proceeded, Israel has=
 expanded its occupation of Gaza and has completely bulldozed and razed the=
 area east of the =E2=80=9Cyellow line=E2=80=9D it controls. As Drop Site <=
/span><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/612a4856-e971-4f00-944d-6788=
d1069bab?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMmpnN3c0In0.EiQh6GHCeGDwSOkhrcQq-EFWfnqzokbaRGZ-JIVH1W=
w" style=3D"color:#00058c;text-decoration:none" target=3D"_blank"><span>rep=
orted</span></a><span> in May, Israel has built and fortified 38 military b=
ases in eastern Gaza, paved roads leading to the bases, and erected 25 kilo=
meters of massive earth berms to physically divide Gaza. From the perspecti=
ve of Palestinian negotiators, these are not the actions of a party that is=
 planning to withdraw, but the re-establishment of a long-term occupation.<=
/span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26p=
x;font-size:16px"><b><span>Read more: </span><a href=3D"https://substack.co=
m/redirect/2916f4dc-627e-46ba-8dbe-48e1ba4f57d9?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMmpnN3c0In0.EiQ=
h6GHCeGDwSOkhrcQq-EFWfnqzokbaRGZ-JIVH1Ww" style=3D"color:#00058c;text-decor=
ation:none" target=3D"_blank"><span>In Campaign to Seize More of Gaza, Isra=
el Expands Attacks on Palestinians Near =E2=80=9CYellow Line=E2=80=9D</span=
></a></b></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:=
26px;font-size:16px"><span>=E2=80=9CThe mediators and the American guaranto=
r must ensure that the occupation abides by the agreement it has already si=
gned,=E2=80=9D said the senior Hamas official. =E2=80=9CMladenov, for his p=
art, should step outside the sphere of Israeli influence, adopt a more obje=
ctive approach, and demonstrate greater adherence to international law.=E2=
=80=9D</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-hei=
ght:26px;font-size:16px"><span>Al-Arian said that the Trump administration =
has largely abandoned the Gaza negotiation process and U.S. officials almos=
t never mention it publicly. This has allowed Israel to set the agenda, not=
 only through its representatives on the board, but by rejecting terms the =
Palestinians and mediators embrace. =E2=80=9CWe=E2=80=99re talking about a =
process that=E2=80=99s essentially on autopilot=E2=80=94there=E2=80=99s not=
 a lot that=E2=80=99s being driven principally at the elite levels of Ameri=
can policy making or decision making,=E2=80=9D Al-Arian said. =E2=80=9CA lo=
t of this does get outsourced to elements of the Israel lobby, to the Israe=
li government itself and to their most ardent defenders within the U.S. gov=
ernment.=E2=80=9D</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,5=
5);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>Despite the dire humanitarian rea=
lity, Israel=E2=80=99s public statements of intent to occupy Gaza, and the =
pervasive violations of the original ceasefire agreement, the central focus=
 of the negotiations remains disarming the Palestinian resistance. =E2=80=
=9CThis is so indicative of the approach that the Americans have taken, tha=
t the Israelis have taken, and that effectively the world has taken, which =
is that it=E2=80=99s all about front loading Israeli security. And then who=
 cares about Palestinians in the end?=E2=80=9D said Buttu. =E2=80=9CThey=E2=
=80=99ve completely ignored genocide, they=E2=80=99ve completely ignored th=
e bigger picture of what=E2=80=99s happening to the two million people that=
 are in Gaza. And if we don=E2=80=99t agree on every single word and every =
single I that=E2=80=99s dotted and T crossed, then Palestinians are just go=
ing to continue to starve.=E2=80=9D</span></p><div style=3D"font-size:16px;=
line-height:26px;margin:32px auto"><table width=3D"100%" border=3D"0" cells=
pacing=3D"0" cellpadding=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td style=3D"text-align:center"><=
/td><td align=3D"left" width=3D"1456" style=3D"text-align:center"><a href=
=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/59d733fb-a2c7-4ece-bae8-c52010f273bb?j=3D=
eyJ1IjoiMmpnN3c0In0.EiQh6GHCeGDwSOkhrcQq-EFWfnqzokbaRGZ-JIVH1Ww" style=3D"p=
adding:0;width:auto;height:auto;border:none;text-decoration:none;display:bl=
ock;margin:0" target=3D"_blank"><img alt=3D"" width=3D"550" height=3D"366.7=
925824175824" src=3D"https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SaN1!,w_1100,c=
_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-=
media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc242c2bc-29f7-49f7-9949-c2dfeed4=
ec20_5322x3548.jpeg" style=3D"border:none!important;vertical-align:middle;d=
isplay:block;height:auto;margin-bottom:0;width:auto!important;max-width:100=
%!important;margin:0 auto"></a></td><td style=3D"text-align:center"></td></=
tr></tbody></table>This picture taken from a position in southern Israel, o=
n the border with the Gaza Strip, shows destroyed buildings inside the bese=
iged territory on June 10, 2026. Photo by Jack GUEZ / AFP via Getty Images.=
</div><h2 style=3D"font-family:&#39;SF Pro Display&#39;,-apple-system-headl=
ine,system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,&#39;Segoe UI&#39;,Roboto,He=
lvetica,Arial,sans-serif,&#39;Apple Color Emoji&#39;,&#39;Segoe UI Emoji&#3=
9;,&#39;Segoe UI Symbol&#39;;font-weight:bold;margin:1em 0 0.625em 0;color:=
rgb(54,55,55);line-height:1.16em;font-size:calc(1.625em*1)"><b><span>Israel=
=E2=80=99s Forever Veto</span></b></h2><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:=
rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>While both Palestinian=
 negotiators and Mladenov identify President Trump=E2=80=99s 20-point =E2=
=80=9CGaza Comprehensive Peace Plan=E2=80=9D and UN Security Council Resolu=
tion 2803 as the framework guiding implementation, Hamas=E2=80=99s version =
places greater emphasis on Palestinian national objectives and political pa=
rticipation.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);li=
ne-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>Hamas=E2=80=99s draft states that the =
process should lead to self-determination and Palestinian statehood =E2=80=
=9Cin accordance with international law and relevant United Nations resolut=
ions.=E2=80=9D Mladenov=E2=80=99s version removes both references, instead =
describing the outcome as =E2=80=9Ccreating conditions for a credible pathw=
ay=E2=80=9D toward self-determination and statehood.</span></p><p style=3D"=
margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><spa=
n>Differences also emerge in the provisions governing postwar administratio=
n. Hamas=E2=80=99s draft states that governance in Gaza shall be conducted =
according to the principle of =E2=80=9COne Authority, One Palestinian Law, =
and One Weapon.=E2=80=9D The NCAG, Palestinian negotiators wrote, =E2=80=9C=
shall guarantee the fundamental rights and public freedoms=E2=80=94both ind=
ividual and collective=E2=80=94enshrined in international conventions and h=
uman rights principles, including equality and non-discrimination on the ba=
sis of gender, religion, color, race, or political affiliation.=E2=80=9D</s=
pan></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;=
font-size:16px"><span>Mladenov=E2=80=99s response retains the language of u=
nified authority and arms control but removes the reference to =E2=80=9CPal=
estinian=E2=80=9D law, replacing it with a commitment to operate in accorda=
nce with =E2=80=9Crelevant Palestinian laws, relevant international standar=
ds, and principles of good governance.=E2=80=9D It also removed the Palesti=
nian negotiators=E2=80=99 references to respect for human rights and non-di=
scrimination and stated bluntly, =E2=80=9COnly personnel authorized by the =
NCAG may possess weapons.=E2=80=9D</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;=
color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>Mladenov=E2=80=
=99s revised text recasts the agreement from a roadmap toward Palestinian p=
olitical objectives into a framework centered on administration, oversight,=
 and security arrangements. Where Hamas=E2=80=99s proposal repeatedly links=
 implementation to Palestinian self-determination, statehood, and nationall=
y led governance, Mladenov=E2=80=99s version largely frames those outcomes =
as conditional possibilities dependent on Palestinian compliance with a ser=
ies of security and governance benchmarks.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0=
 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>The Pale=
stinian negotiators made clear they want the NCAG Palestinian technocratic =
committee recognized as a transitional governing authority that will remain=
 in power until elections are held across all Palestinian territories. =E2=
=80=9CHamas and the Palestinian factions agree to hand over and transfer go=
vernance in Gaza to the National Committee for Gaza Administration. The Com=
mittee shall enjoy full independence in carrying out its duties, and there =
shall be no interference in its affairs during the transitional period,=E2=
=80=9D they wrote.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,=
55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>In their draft, the Palestinian =
negotiators suggested that the NCAG be empowered to =E2=80=9Cfulfill all le=
gal obligations and commitments arising from the current administration of =
the Gaza Strip.=E2=80=9D Mladenov=E2=80=99s draft excises this phrase, stat=
ing instead that the NCAG will be =E2=80=9Cresponsible only for financial l=
iabilities incurred on or after the date it assumes control.=E2=80=9D</span=
></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;fon=
t-size:16px"><span>Mladenov=E2=80=99s amended draft relegates the Palestini=
an committee to a role as an administrator working on behalf of the Board, =
saying NCAG =E2=80=9Cshall, upon assuming responsibilities and where possib=
le, preserve continuity of essential civil and administrative functions and=
 civil-registry records.=E2=80=9D According to Trump=E2=80=99s 20-point pla=
n, the NCAG will not be an independent governing body, but will operate und=
er the =E2=80=9Coversight and supervision=E2=80=9D of Trump and his board. =
The BoP =E2=80=9Cwill call on best international standards to create modern=
 and efficient governance that serves the people of Gaza and is conducive t=
o attracting investment,=E2=80=9D the plan stated.</span></p><p style=3D"ma=
rgin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>=
The Palestinian negotiators put forward a clear proposal to reunite the gov=
ernance of Gaza and the West Bank, writing that the Board of Peace would be=
 responsible for =E2=80=9Coverseeing the orderly transfer of governance=E2=
=80=9D to the NCAG, which would ultimately hand power back to the Palestini=
an Authority as part of a process =E2=80=9Cleading to the establishment of =
a Palestinian state and the realization of self-determination.=E2=80=9D The=
y included language calling on the Board to cooperate with the United Natio=
ns to ensure Israeli withdrawal from Gaza and reiterating that the Board=E2=
=80=99s mandate expires at the end of 2027.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 =
0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>Mladeno=
v=E2=80=99s draft ignores all of these points entirely, stating only that H=
amas and other Palestinian factions agree to hand over power to the NCAG an=
d they =E2=80=9Cshall not intervene in NCAG affairs.=E2=80=9D</span></p><p =
style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:1=
6px"><span>Mladenov=E2=80=99s draft does not mention the Palestinian Author=
ity at all. =E2=80=9CEven the one entity, the one Palestinian political bod=
y that has achieved international legitimacy and that has worked directly w=
ith Israel is being ignored in this agreement as part of that strategy to e=
nsure that there=E2=80=99s no continuity with any kind of Palestinian body,=
=E2=80=9D said Al-Arian. =E2=80=9CWhat we have is a process that is essenti=
ally attempting to ensure Israel=E2=80=99s interests and to ensure a kind o=
f frustrated process with no end in sight, similar to what we saw for three=
 decades with Oslo,=E2=80=9D he added. =E2=80=9CThis largely does come down=
 to something we=E2=80=99ve seen historically, which is that Israel has mai=
ntained a major veto power over any negotiation process.=E2=80=9D</span></p=
><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-si=
ze:16px"><span>Trump=E2=80=99s 20-point plan stated that his private Board =
would rule Gaza indefinitely until a reformed Palestinian Authority =E2=80=
=9Ccan securely and effectively take back control of Gaza.=E2=80=9D</span><=
/p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-=
size:16px"><span>The two texts also differ on who will oversee Gaza=E2=80=
=99s reconstruction. Hamas=E2=80=99s proposal places reconstruction under t=
he supervision of the NCAG and explicitly ties it to plans adopted by the A=
rab League and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, embedding the proce=
ss within broader Arab and Islamic political frameworks. Mladenov=E2=80=99s=
 revision replaces those references with a reconstruction plan jointly deve=
loped by the BoP and its subordinate NCAG, reducing the role of regional Pa=
lestinian and Arab-backed institutions while expanding the influence of new=
ly created mechanisms tied to Trump and his Board.</span></p><p style=3D"ma=
rgin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>=
Alongside its continued bombardment and territorial expansion, Israel has i=
ncreasingly relied on a network of Palestinian militias operating in areas =
under Israeli control in Gaza. At least five such groups, established betwe=
en April and September 2025, have emerged across the enclave, collectively =
numbering a few hundred fighters. Operating largely behind the =E2=80=9Cyel=
low line,=E2=80=9D these militias have received Israeli weapons, intelligen=
ce, logistical support, and, in some cases, medical treatment inside Israel=
.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:2=
6px;font-size:16px"><span>Israel=E2=80=99s support for the militias was pub=
licly acknowledged by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu last June, when he =
said the government had =E2=80=9Cactivated=E2=80=9D powerful local clans in=
 Gaza on the advice of =E2=80=9Csecurity officials=E2=80=9D to assist in th=
e fight against Hamas.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54=
,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>Among the most prominent gro=
ups are the Popular Forces, originally led by Yasser Abu Shabab before his =
death in December and now headed by Ghassan al-Dahini in eastern Rafah; the=
 Strike Force Against Terror, led by former Palestinian Authority security =
officer Hussam al-Astal in Khan Younis; and the Free Homeland Forces under =
Shawqi Abu Nuseira in central Gaza. Several of the militia leaders and memb=
ers have a history of criminal activity, looting and smuggling aid, includi=
ng during the genocide, collaboration with Israel, as well as ties to extre=
mist groups, among them ISIS.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color=
:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>The militias have inc=
reasingly carried out raids, assassinations, and abductions, while establis=
hing armed checkpoints in coordination with Israeli forces. Palestinians tr=
aveling through Rafah since the ceasefire have reported being stopped by gu=
nmen affiliated with the Popular Forces and subjected to harassment, beatin=
gs, and theft. In recent months, the militias have launched repeated operat=
ions into areas near the =E2=80=9Cyellow line,=E2=80=9D including targeted =
killings of police officers and attacks conducted under Israeli air cover. =
In April, fighters linked to Abu Nuseira=E2=80=99s Free Homeland Forces car=
ried out an </span><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redirect/c08de578-0f05-4=
83e-8ef6-4e7fdac3b5f0?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMmpnN3c0In0.EiQh6GHCeGDwSOkhrcQq-EFWfnqzo=
kbaRGZ-JIVH1Ww" style=3D"color:#00058c;text-decoration:none" target=3D"_bla=
nk"><span>assault</span></a><span> on Al-Maghazi refugee camp that killed a=
t least ten Palestinians. Another raid on the same camp in May killed five =
Palestinians.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);l=
ine-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>Some of the militias have said they a=
im to establish enclaves where civilians would live under their rule, in ar=
eas under Israeli control in the east of the Gaza Strip. In practice, howev=
er, the vast majority of Gaza=E2=80=99s approximately two million residents=
 remain concentrated in roughly 30 percent of the Strip bordering the sea. =
One militia leader previously </span><a href=3D"https://substack.com/redire=
ct/51445dd8-f16f-4490-9655-a45880295271?j=3DeyJ1IjoiMmpnN3c0In0.EiQh6GHCeGD=
wSOkhrcQq-EFWfnqzokbaRGZ-JIVH1Ww" style=3D"color:#00058c;text-decoration:no=
ne" target=3D"_blank"><span>told</span></a><span> the Times of Israel that =
the militias envision themselves as part of a =E2=80=9Cnew Gaza=E2=80=9D th=
at would emerge after the end of Hamas rule.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0=
 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>Hamas=
=E2=80=99s proposal calls for the immediate dismantling of the militias and=
 the confiscation of their weapons upon implementation of the agreement, wi=
th an International Verification Committee responsible for confirming compl=
etion of the process. Hamas=E2=80=99s draft further includes provisions aim=
ed at regularizing the status of militia members who wish to reintegrate in=
to Palestinian society. Mladenov, however, proposed approaching the disarma=
ment of these Israeli-sponsored forces, which many Palestinians view as cri=
minal death squads, in a similar manner to Palestinian resistance movements=
. His proposal would permit the Israeli-backed militias to gradually decomm=
ission and store their weapons according to an agreed timetable under the a=
uthority of the NCAG.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,=
55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>Hamas officials say they do n=
ot know when the Palestinian factions will deliver their response to Mladen=
ov, but Qassem stated they are =E2=80=9Cformulating a unified and responsib=
le response that prioritizes the interests of the Palestinian people and su=
pports efforts to end the ongoing genocidal war in the Gaza Strip.=E2=80=9D=
</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26=
px;font-size:16px"><span>Buttu said history shows that regardless of how th=
e Palestinian negotiators respond=E2=80=94and even if they reach an agreeme=
nt with Mladenov and Trump=E2=80=94Israel will continue to set its own rule=
s and launch attacks whenever it pleases. By forcing the Palestinians into =
a labyrinthine bureaucratic process subject to ongoing Israeli veto, the fu=
ndamental realities of life in Gaza will continue to deteriorate.</span></p=
><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-si=
ze:16px"><span>=E2=80=9CIsrael can keep going for months and months and the=
y will continue to be in the driver=E2=80=99s seat and they don=E2=80=99t c=
are. And in fact, it=E2=80=99s kind of better for them if this continues to=
 go on for months and months because then they can just continue their atta=
cks with the excuse that there=E2=80=99s still discussions happening,=E2=80=
=9D Buttu said. =E2=80=9CIt=E2=80=99s as though nothing has happened over t=
he course of the past two and a half years. They=E2=80=99re still using foo=
d as a weapon. They=E2=80=99re still using healthcare as a weapon. Everythi=
ng is still happening. So the status quo, it=E2=80=99s not like it=E2=80=99=
s dynamic. It=E2=80=99s actually getting worse over time. To whose benefit =
is that other than Israel=E2=80=99s?=E2=80=9D</span></p><p style=3D"margin:=
0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>As th=
e negotiations continue, Israel has forged ahead with constructing military=
 infrastructure in the east of Gaza. Al-Arian believes that the central Isr=
aeli aim remains the total erasure of the Strip as a Palestinian territory,=
 so Israel=E2=80=99s position on prolonging the negotiations is aimed at en=
suring that agenda advances.</span></p><p style=3D"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:=
rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px"><span>=E2=80=9CAll of this s=
erves the Israeli interest, which is in the long term to find a way to eith=
er ethnically cleanse the population and to reoccupy it and possibly resett=
le it,=E2=80=9D Al-Arian said. =E2=80=9CUnfortunately it=E2=80=99s quite gr=
im absent any kind of external intervention.=E2=80=9D</span></p><p style=3D=
"margin:0 0 20px 0;color:rgb(54,55,55);line-height:26px;font-size:16px;text=
-align:center;border-radius:4px"><a href=3D"https://substack.com/app-link/p=
ost?publication_id=3D2510348&amp;post_id=3D203276244&amp;utm_source=3Dsubst=
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[image: Return to Home] <https://www.pewresearch.org/>
Search
|
June 23, 2026
Trump Gets Negative Reviews Internationally as Fewer Say U.S. Is a Reliable
Partner36-country survey finds declining ratings for the U.S. amid rising
concerns about its foreign policy and the health of its democracy
ByRichard Wike <https://www.pewresearch.org/staff/richard-wike/>,Laura
Silver <https://www.pewresearch.org/staff/laura-silver/>,Moira Fagan
<https://www.pewresearch.org/staff/moira-fagan/>andJonathan Schulman
<https://www.pewresearch.org/staff/jonathan-schulman/>
[image: U.S. President Donald Trump speaks during a visit to the Fort Bragg
Army base in North Carolina on Feb. 13, 2026. (Nathan Howard/Getty Images)]=
U.S.
President Donald Trump speaks during a visit to the Fort Bragg Army base in
North Carolina on Feb. 13, 2026. (Nathan Howard/Getty Images)About this
research

This Pew Research Center report looks at views of the U.S., U.S. President
Donald Trump, and opinion of the role the U.S. is playing in the world.

*Why did we do this?*

Pew Research Center does research to help the public, media and
decision-makers understand important topics. We have studied global views
<https://www.pewresearch.org/topic/international-affairs/global-image-of-co=
untries/us-global-image/>
of
the United States for more than two decades. We did this study to
understand how people in other countries view the U.S. and Trump, now in
the second year of his second administration.

Learn more about Pew Research Center <https://www.pewresearch.org/about/> a=
nd
our international surveys
<https://www.pewresearch.org/international-surveys/>.

*How did we do this?*

We surveyed 42,151 people across 36 countries: Argentina, Australia,
Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, France, Germany, Ghana,
Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia,
Mexico, the Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, the Philippines, Poland,
Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Thailand,
Turkey, the U.K., and the West Bank and East Jerusalem.

Interviews were conducted from February 8 to May 13, 2026. We designed the
surveys so we could talk about the views of the adult population in each
country. Here are the survey questions used
<https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2026/06/pg_2026.06=
.23_us-image-2026_topline.pdf>
for
this report, along with responses, and the survey methodology
<https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/methodology-us-image-2026/>.

A new Pew Research Center survey finds negative =E2=80=93 and often overwhe=
lmingly
negative =E2=80=93 views of U.S. President Donald Trump in regions around t=
he globe.
[image: A bar chart showing How people in 36 countries see the U.S. and
Trump] <https://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=3D319687>

Across 36 nations polled, a median of 23% of adults express confidence in
his leadership of world affairs. In many countries, confidence in Trump has
slipped since last year.

Overall ratings for the United States are also largely negative. Favorable
views of the country have declined in many places over the past year,
including double-digit drops in Indonesia, Italy, Nigeria, South Africa,
South Korea and Turkey.
What is a median?

In this analysis, median scores are used to help readers see overall
patterns in the data. The median percentage is the middle number in a list
of all percentages sorted from highest to lowest.

There are seven nations in the study where a majority of adults rate the
U.S. positively. The highest rating (81% favorable) comes from Israel. Some
of the lowest ratings are from predominantly Muslim publics, such as
Malaysians, Pakistanis, Turks, and Palestinians in the West Bank and East
Jerusalem. (We were unable to survey in Gaza.)

Trump gets mostly poor marks for his handling of key foreign policy issues,
including tariffs, Gaza, Iran, Greenland and the Russia-Ukraine war.

The survey reveals striking changes over time in how people perceive the
U.S. and its role in world affairs.
[image: A set of line charts showing that Decreasing shares see the U.S. as
a reliable partner] <https://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=3D319695>

The share of the public who considers the U.S. a reliable partner has
declined steeply in many countries since we last asked this question in
2022, during Joe Biden=E2=80=99s presidency.

This downward turn in opinion has taken place in several nations with which
the U.S. has longstanding economic and security ties. For example, in
Canada, 83% described the U.S. as a reliable partner in 2022, compared with
35% today. Large declines have also been measured in some of America=E2=80=
=99s key
Asia-Pacific partners.

*For more views of U.S. reliability over time, refer to Appendix A
<https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/appendix-a-detailed-tables-u=
s-image-2026/>.*

A 36-country median of 35% say the U.S. contributes to peace and stability
around the world. The share of people who hold this view is down
significantly in many countries since 2023.

Similarly, the share who think the U.S. takes into account the interests of
other countries when making foreign policy decisions has declined in most
nations where trends from 2023 are available.

For instance, 60% of Germans three years ago said the U.S. considers other
countries=E2=80=99 interests, but that share has dropped to 23% today. Germ=
an
public opinion is now similar to or more negative than what was measured
during George W. Bush=E2=80=99s presidency, when many people in Europe and
elsewhere strongly opposed the war in Iraq
<https://carnegieendowment.org/europe/strategic-europe/2023/03/the-iraq-inv=
asions-long-shadow>
and
other major elements of U.S. foreign policy. In surveys conducted from 2002
to 2007, between 27% and 53% of Germans said the U.S. considers the
interests of countries like theirs when making foreign policy.
[image: A set of line charts showing Large decreases in shares saying the
U.S. government respects its people=E2=80=99s personal freedoms]
<https://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=3D319694>

Our polling over the past few years has found widespread concerns
<https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2024/06/11/is-u-s-democracy-a-good-exam=
ple-to-follow/>
about
the health of American democracy in many places, and the new survey shows
that large shares of people around the world no longer believe the U.S.
respects individual liberty.

A 36-country median of 39% say the U.S. government respects the personal
freedoms of its people, while 56% say it does not.

In 12 of the 13 countries where we last asked about this in 2021, during
the Biden administration, there have been double-digit declines in the
shares who say the U.S. respects personal freedoms.

Over a longer span, some of these shares have fallen even farther in
several of these nations.

A 2013 Center survey represented a high point for this measure in several
nations we have polled regularly. That year, as Barack Obama began his
second term as president, three-quarters or more in Australia, Brazil,
Canada, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Poland, the Philippines,
South Korea and the United Kingdom said the U.S. respected personal
freedoms.

However, in 2014, this view became less common in some countries after
disclosures <https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-23123964> by former
National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden revealed the
government=E2=80=99s vast capacity to intercept communications around the w=
orld.

This year, the share of the public saying the U.S. respects personal
freedoms is the lowest it=E2=80=99s been in several countries we have surve=
yed for
years, including Australia, Brazil, Chile, Greece, Indonesia, Italy, Kenya,
Mexico, the Netherlands, Peru, the Philippines, Poland, South Africa, South
Korea and Sweden.

*For more views of the U.S. government=E2=80=99s respect for personal freed=
oms over
time, refer to Appendix A
<https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/appendix-a-detailed-tables-u=
s-image-2026/>.*

For this report, we surveyed 42,151 people in 36 countries from Feb. 8 to
May 13, 2026.

Jump to the sections below to learn more about international perceptions of
the U.S.:

   - Where does Trump get his highest and lowest ratings?
   <https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/trump-gets-negative-revie=
ws-internationally-as-fewer-say-u-s-is-a-reliable-partner/#where-does-trump=
-get-his-highest-and-lowest-ratings>
   - How do ratings of Trump compare with previous presidents?
   <https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/trump-gets-negative-revie=
ws-internationally-as-fewer-say-u-s-is-a-reliable-partner/#how-do-ratings-o=
f-trump-compare-with-previous-presidents>
   - Do people approve of how Trump is handling major international issues?
   <https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/trump-gets-negative-revie=
ws-internationally-as-fewer-say-u-s-is-a-reliable-partner/#do-people-approv=
e-of-how-trump-is-handling-major-international-issues>
   - Do people around the world view the U.S. favorably or unfavorably?
   <https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/trump-gets-negative-revie=
ws-internationally-as-fewer-say-u-s-is-a-reliable-partner/#do-people-around=
-the-world-view-the-u-s-favorably-or-unfavorably>
   - Does the U.S. contribute to peace and stability?
   <https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/trump-gets-negative-revie=
ws-internationally-as-fewer-say-u-s-is-a-reliable-partner/#does-the-u-s-con=
tribute-to-peace-and-stability>
   - Does the U.S. consider other countries=E2=80=99 interests?
   <https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/trump-gets-negative-revie=
ws-internationally-as-fewer-say-u-s-is-a-reliable-partner/#does-the-u-s-con=
sider-other-countries-interests>

Where does Trump get his highest and lowest ratings?

Trump gets his best ratings in the Philippines, Israel, Nigeria, Kenya and
Ghana.
[image: A bar chart showing Widespread lack of confidence in Trump]
<https://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=3D319693>

In Israel, views of Trump are considerably more positive among Jews (79%
have confidence in him) than among Arabs (13%).

And in Nigeria, Trump receives more positive ratings among Christians (87%)
than Muslims (33%). Since last year, confidence in him has risen by 6
percentage points among Christians but dropped by 41 points among Muslims.

There are 26 places surveyed in which 30% of the public or less expresses
confidence in the U.S. president. In Turkey, as well as in the West Bank
and East Jerusalem, that share is in the single digits.

Confidence in Trump has declined since last year in 16 of 24 nations where
trend data is available. There is no country surveyed in which attitudes
toward him have become more positive.

In 18 of 27 countries where we measure political ideology, people on the
right are more likely than those on the left to express confidence in
Trump. He receives particularly positive marks from Europeans with
favorable views of right-wing populist parties. Still, even among
supporters of some of these parties, Trump=E2=80=99s ratings have worsened =
since
last year.

*For more on how we classify populist parties, refer to Appendix B
<https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/appendix-b-classifying-europ=
ean-political-parties-us-image-2026/>.*
How do ratings of Trump compare with previous presidents?

Pew Research Center has measured international attitudes toward U.S.
presidents for over two decades, charting large shifts in public opinion in
many regions. Findings from France, Germany, Spain and the U.K. highlight
some long-term trends in views of recent presidents.

The latest ratings for Trump in these four nations, while low, tend to be
slightly higher than at the end of his first term
<https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/09/15/us-image-plummets-internatio=
nally-as-most-say-country-has-handled-coronavirus-badly/#confidence-in-pres=
ident-trump-is-low-similar-to-his-first-year-in-office>.
They=E2=80=99re about equal to or somewhat higher than ratings for Bush at =
the end
of his second term.
[image: A line chart showing Confidence in U.S. presidents across Western
Europe] <https://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=3D319692>

Obama consistently received much higher ratings in these Western European
countries during his two terms in the White House. Views of Biden were also
relatively positive, although attitudes toward Biden turned more negative
over the course of his presidency.

*For more on confidence in Trump and previous U.S. presidents over time,
refer to our detailed data sheet
<https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1V6cS7y7Gg3mnOWcB04EmXvpuxLAEJ1Mskg=
fMI4SwORo/edit?usp=3Dsharing>.*
Do people approve of how Trump is handling major international issues?

We asked respondents whether they approve or disapprove of how Trump is
dealing with eight key global issues. At least half of adults in most
countries disapprove of how he is handling each of these.
[image: A bar chart showing that Few across 36 countries approve of Trump=
=E2=80=99s
handling of international issues]
<https://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=3D319691>

In every nation surveyed, most or all interviews took place after the U.S.
and Israel launched the military conflict with Iran on Feb. 28, 2026.

*Related: **Israelis, Palestinians, Americans See War in Iran Differently*
<https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/09/israelis-palestinians-americ=
ans-see-war-in-iran-differently/>

Overall, a median of 74% of adults across 36 nations disapprove of how
Trump is dealing with *Iran. *Israel is the only country where a clear
majority (73%) approve, though 51% also express this view in Kenya and
Nigeria.

Relatively few approve in Pakistan (21%) and Turkey (5%), which share a
border with Iran. Similarly, just 5% of Palestinians in the West Bank and
East Jerusalem approve.

To explore how the war may have affected overall views of the U.S., we
conducted a separate analysis using a statistical technique called
regression. The results suggest that as the war =E2=80=93 and our survey fi=
eldwork
=E2=80=93 progressed, attitudes toward the U.S. became more negative in som=
e
countries.

*For more, read: =E2=80=9CWhat happens when war breaks out in the middle of=
 a
survey?=E2=80=9D
<https://www.pewresearch.org/decoded/2026/06/23/what-happens-when-war-break=
s-out-in-the-middle-of-a-survey/>*

Trump gets his highest ratings on *international humanitarian aid,* though
most disapprove of how he=E2=80=99s handling this issue. (We did not ask ab=
out
knowledge of the Trump administration=E2=80=99s cuts to foreign aid or know=
ledge of
its other policies.) Majorities approve of how he has dealt with
humanitarian aid in five of the middle-income nations (as defined by World
Bank lending groups
<https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/opendata/understanding-country-income--worl=
d-bank-group-income-classifica>)
surveyed: the Philippines (66%), Kenya (65%), Sri Lanka (57%), Colombia
(56%) and Peru (55%).

Trump gets his second-highest ratings on *immigration.* His immigration
policies tend to be more popular among people on the ideological right, and
especially Europeans who support right-wing populist parties.

A median of just 22% approve of the way Trump has dealt with
*Venezuela.* Still,
views are slightly more positive in some Latin American nations, including
Venezuela=E2=80=99s neighbor Colombia (46%).

Trump receives low marks in Europe for his handling of both *Greenland* and
the *Russia-Ukraine war.* *For more, read: =E2=80=9C**European views of Tru=
mp and
the U.S. are especially negative*
<https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/trump-gets-negative-reviews-=
internationally-as-fewer-say-u-s-is-a-reliable-partner/#_European_views_of>
.=E2=80=9D

There is no country in which a majority approves of how Trump is dealing
with the conflict in *Gaza.* (At the time of our survey, a fragile ceasefir=
e
<https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2026-04-10/gaza-marks-6-months-=
of-ceasefire-that-may-offer-lessons-for-iran-war>
existed
between Israel and Hamas.) Very few Palestinians in the West Bank and East
Jerusalem approve (3%), while Israelis are divided: 48% approve and 48%
disapprove, with Israeli Jews (57% approve) and Israeli Arabs (14%)
expressing very different views.

The Trump administration=E2=80=99s *tariff policies* are widely unpopular. =
Kenya is
the only country surveyed in which a majority (55%) approve of how Trump is
handling this issue. Attitudes are especially negative in many nations with
which the U.S. has major trade relationships, including the U.K. (27%
approve), India (18%), Canada (17%), Japan (15%), South Korea (14%), Mexico
(11%) and Germany (8%).

*For more views of Trump=E2=80=99s foreign policy actions, refer to Appendi=
x A
<https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/appendix-a-detailed-tables-u=
s-image-2026/>.*
Do people around the world view the U.S. favorably or unfavorably?

Across the 36 countries surveyed, a median of 37% of adults express a
favorable view of the U.S., while 57% have an unfavorable view.
[image: A bar chart showing Views of the U.S. around the world]
<https://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=3D319690>

In Europe and the Asia-Pacific region, opinions are largely negative:
Seven-in-ten or more in many of these nations rate the U.S. unfavorably.

The U.S. receives its highest rating in Israel, at 81% favorable, while
roughly eight-in-ten in Turkey and in the West Bank and East Jerusalem see
the U.S. negatively.

In past surveys
<https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2025/06/11/views-of-the-united-states/>=
,
the U.S. has received largely favorable ratings in the African nations
surveyed. This year, views are relatively more positive than not in Ghana,
Kenya and Nigeria. Still, favorable ratings are down 15 points since last
year in Nigeria, as well as in South Africa.

Latin Americans express a range of opinions. Most Colombians rate the U.S.
positively, while views are more divided in Peru, Brazil and Argentina.
Around half or more Mexicans and Chileans have an unfavorable opinion.

Favorable views have declined significantly in 15 of 24 nations where
trends from last year are available. Mexico is the only country where views
improved, from 29% to 40% favorable.

In many of the countries we have surveyed since 2002 =E2=80=93 including Ca=
nada,
France, Germany, Italy, the Philippines, South Africa, South Korea and the
U.K. =E2=80=93 positive ratings are at or near the lowest they=E2=80=99ve b=
een.

And although overall ratings for the U.S. are positive in Israel and
Nigeria, they are at historic lows in our polling among some subgroups in
both countries. Only 19% of Arab Israelis express a favorable view of the
U.S., down from 29% last year and the lowest share we=E2=80=99ve measured i=
n any of
our Israel surveys. In contrast, 96% of Jewish Israelis have a favorable
opinion of the U.S.

Similarly, a record-low 36% of Nigerian Muslims rate the U.S. favorably,
down drastically from 73% last year. Roughly eight-in-ten Nigerian
Christians (82%) express a favorable view.

*For more on views of the U.S. over time, refer to our detailed data sheet
<https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1V6cS7y7Gg3mnOWcB04EmXvpuxLAEJ1Mskg=
fMI4SwORo/edit?usp=3Dsharing>.*
Does the U.S. contribute to peace and stability?

A median of 35% of adults across the 36 nations polled think the U.S.
contributes a great deal or a fair amount to peace and stability around the
world.
[image: A set of line charts showing that Fewer believe the U.S.
contributes to peace and stability around the world than in 2023]
<https://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=3D319689>

However, opinions vary widely. Around seven-in-ten or more in the
Philippines (77%), Kenya (74%) and Israel (73%) say the U.S. contributes to
global stability, while one-in-five or fewer share this view in Argentina
(20%), the Netherlands (19%), the West Bank and East Jerusalem (14%) and
Turkey (10%).

People have become much less likely to believe the U.S. adds to global
peace and security since we last asked this question in 2023, during the
Biden administration. This share of the public has shrunk in 19 of 22
countries where trend data is available. In Sweden, the Netherlands,
Poland, Canada and Australia, it=E2=80=99s fallen by 30 points or more.

*For more views of the U.S. contributing to peace and stability over time,
refer to Appendix A
<https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/appendix-a-detailed-tables-u=
s-image-2026/>.*
Does the U.S. consider other countries=E2=80=99 interests?

Across the 36 nations polled, a median of 32% of adults think the U.S.
takes into account the interests of countries like theirs a great deal or a
fair amount in its foreign policy decisions.
[image: A set of line charts showing that Fewer say the U.S. considers
other countries=E2=80=99 interests today than in 2023]
<https://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=3D319688>

Majorities hold this view in the Philippines (74%), Kenya (68%), Israel
(68%), Nigeria (64%) and Sri Lanka (62%).

Few in the NATO member states surveyed say the U.S. considers their
interests. Hungarians (35%) are the most likely of these allies to say it
takes other nations=E2=80=99 interests into account, followed by the U.K. (=
26%).
Only 10% in France and 8% in Sweden express this opinion.

*For more, read: =E2=80=9C**European views of Trump and the U.S. are especi=
ally
negative*
<https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/trump-gets-negative-reviews-=
internationally-as-fewer-say-u-s-is-a-reliable-partner/#_European_views_of>
.=E2=80=9D

This view has become less common in 19 of 22 countries where trend data
from 2023 is available.

In many nations where we have been asking this question over many years,
the share of the public who think the U.S. considers other countries=E2=80=
=99
interests is at or near an all-time low, while the share who say it does
not is at or near an all-time high. This is the case in Germany, Indonesia,
Japan, Mexico, South Africa and the U.K.

*For more views on whether the U.S. takes other countries=E2=80=99 interest=
s into
account, refer to Appendix A
<https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/appendix-a-detailed-tables-u=
s-image-2026/>.*

Read more findings and analysis based on this survey:

   - How do views of Trump compare with other global leaders?
   <https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/how-do-views-of-trump-com=
pare-with-other-global-leaders/>
   - Comparing how Americans and others around the world view the United
   States=E2=80=99 global role
   <https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/comparing-how-americans-a=
nd-others-around-the-world-view-the-united-states-global-role/>
   - European views of Trump and the U.S. are especially negative
   <https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/european-views-of-trump-a=
nd-the-u-s-are-especially-negative/>
   - In middle-income nations, most say the U.S. interferes in other
   countries=E2=80=99 affairs
   <https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/in-middle-income-nations-=
most-say-the-u-s-interferes-in-other-countries-affairs/>

Next: How do views of Trump compare with other global leaders?
<https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/how-do-views-of-trump-compar=
e-with-other-global-leaders/>
=E2=86=90 Prev Page
12
<https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/how-do-views-of-trump-compar=
e-with-other-global-leaders/>
3
<https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/comparing-how-americans-and-=
others-around-the-world-view-the-united-states-global-role/>
4
<https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/european-views-of-trump-and-=
the-u-s-are-especially-negative/>
5
<https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/in-middle-income-nations-mos=
t-say-the-u-s-interferes-in-other-countries-affairs/>
6
<https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/appendix-a-detailed-tables-u=
s-image-2026/>
=E2=80=A610
<https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/methodology-us-image-2026/>
Next Page =E2=86=92
<https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/how-do-views-of-trump-compar=
e-with-other-global-leaders/>

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tter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase"><div class=3D"gmail-wp-block-gro=
up gmail-wp-container-content-9cfa9a5a gmail-is-nowrap gmail-is-layout-flex=
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ayout-flex" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;margin:0px"><div cl=
ass=3D"gmail-has-link-color gmail-wp-elements-9689ea8d84e0efc1ee6f3e0443c7b=
264 gmail-wp-block-post-date gmail-has-text-color gmail-has-ui-gray-very-da=
rk-color" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;color:rgb(129,129,129);margin:0px;=
font-size:12px">June 23, 2026</div></div></div></div></div><h1 class=3D"gma=
il-wp-block-post-title gmail-has-h-one-font-size gmail-has-serif-font-famil=
y" style=3D"font-family:abril-text,Georgia,&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Time=
s,serif;line-height:1.15;box-sizing:border-box;word-break:break-word;max-wi=
dth:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">Trump Gets Negative Reviews I=
nternationally as Fewer Say U.S. Is a Reliable Partner</h1><h2 class=3D"gma=
il-has-text-align-left gmail-wp-block-prc-block-subtitle gmail-has-serif-fo=
nt-family" style=3D"font-family:abril-text,Georgia,&quot;Times New Roman&qu=
ot;,Times,serif;font-weight:400;line-height:1.25;box-sizing:border-box;max-=
width:640px;font-style:italic;margin:0.88rem auto 0px">36-country survey fi=
nds declining ratings for the U.S. amid rising concerns about its foreign p=
olicy and the health of its democracy</h2><div class=3D"gmail-wp-elements-7=
3577a37eecb71ec1a58f845f44b3b1f gmail-wp-block-prc-block-bylines-display gm=
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splay-is-layout-flex" style=3D"background:inherit;box-sizing:border-box;fon=
t-weight:600;line-height:15.6px;text-transform:uppercase;max-width:640px;di=
splay:flex;margin:1.25rem auto 0rem;font-size:13px"><span class=3D"gmail-wp=
-block-prc-block-bylines-display__prefix" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;ma=
rgin:0px">By</span><a rel=3D"author" href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/st=
aff/richard-wike/" aria-label=3D"View author archive for Richard Wike" styl=
e=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);box-sizing:border-box;margin:0px;text-decoration=
:none">Richard Wike</a><span class=3D"gmail-prc-platform-staff-bylines__sep=
arator" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box">,</span><a rel=3D"author" href=3D"h=
ttps://www.pewresearch.org/staff/laura-silver/" aria-label=3D"View author a=
rchive for Laura Silver" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);box-sizing:border-b=
ox;margin:0px;text-decoration:none">Laura Silver</a><span class=3D"gmail-pr=
c-platform-staff-bylines__separator" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box">,</spa=
n><a rel=3D"author" href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/staff/moira-fagan/"=
 aria-label=3D"View author archive for Moira Fagan" style=3D"color:rgb(52,1=
10,173);box-sizing:border-box;margin:0px;text-decoration:none">Moira Fagan<=
/a><span class=3D"gmail-prc-platform-staff-bylines__and-separator" style=3D=
"box-sizing:border-box;margin:0px">and</span><a rel=3D"author" href=3D"http=
s://www.pewresearch.org/staff/jonathan-schulman/" aria-label=3D"View author=
 archive for Jonathan Schulman" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);box-sizing:b=
order-box;margin:0px;text-decoration:none">Jonathan Schulman</a></div><div =
class=3D"gmail-wp-block-group gmail-is-layout-flow gmail-wp-block-group-is-=
layout-flow" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:aut=
o;margin-right:auto"><div class=3D"entry-content gmail-wp-block-post-conten=
t gmail-has-global-padding gmail-is-content-justification-center gmail-is-l=
ayout-constrained gmail-wp-container-core-post-content-is-layout-b399e9cb g=
mail-wp-block-post-content-is-layout-constrained" style=3D"box-sizing:borde=
r-box;display:flow-root;padding-right:0px;padding-left:0px;font-family:Geor=
gia,&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;line-height:1.6;padding-top:0px=
;margin-top:0px"><img height=3D"360" width=3D"640" src=3D"https://www.pewre=
search.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2026/06/PG_26.06.23_USImage_featured=
@2x.png?w=3D640" alt=3D"U.S. President Donald Trump speaks during a visit t=
o the Fort Bragg Army base in North Carolina on Feb. 13, 2026. (Nathan Howa=
rd/Getty Images)" class=3D"gmail-wp-image-319678 gmail-not-transparent" sty=
le=3D"height: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align=
: bottom; border-radius: inherit; background-color: rgb(94, 84, 101);">U.S.=
 President Donald Trump speaks during a visit to the Fort Bragg Army base i=
n North Carolina on Feb. 13, 2026. (Nathan Howard/Getty Images)About this r=
esearch<p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box=
">This Pew Research Center report looks at views of the U.S., U.S. Presiden=
t Donald Trump, and opinion of the role the U.S. is playing in the world.</=
p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box"><st=
rong style=3D"box-sizing:border-box">Why did we do this?</strong></p><p cla=
ss=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box">Pew Researc=
h Center does research to help the public, media and decision-makers unders=
tand important topics. We have=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/=
topic/international-affairs/global-image-of-countries/us-global-image/" sty=
le=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);box-sizing:border-box">studied global views</a>=
=C2=A0of the United States for more than two decades. We did this study to =
understand how people in other countries view the U.S. and Trump, now in th=
e second year of his second administration.</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-p=
aragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box"><a href=3D"https://www.pewresearc=
h.org/about/" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);box-sizing:border-box">Learn m=
ore about Pew Research Center</a>=C2=A0and our=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://www.=
pewresearch.org/international-surveys/" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);box-=
sizing:border-box">international surveys</a>.</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block=
-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box"><strong style=3D"box-sizing:bor=
der-box">How did we do this?</strong></p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragra=
ph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box">We surveyed 42,151 people across 36 cou=
ntries: Argentina, Australia, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, =
France, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, J=
apan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, th=
e Philippines, Poland, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lan=
ka, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, the U.K., and the West Bank and East Jerusale=
m.</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box"=
>Interviews were conducted from February 8 to May 13, 2026. We designed the=
 surveys so we could talk about the views of the adult population in each c=
ountry. Here are the=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content=
/uploads/sites/20/2026/06/pg_2026.06.23_us-image-2026_topline.pdf" style=3D=
"color:rgb(52,110,173);box-sizing:border-box">survey questions used</a>=C2=
=A0for this report, along with responses, and the=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://w=
ww.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/methodology-us-image-2026/" style=3D"c=
olor:rgb(52,110,173);box-sizing:border-box">survey methodology</a>.</p><p c=
lass=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:=
640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">A new Pew Research Center survey =
finds negative =E2=80=93 and often overwhelmingly negative =E2=80=93 views =
of U.S. President Donald Trump in regions around the globe.</p><a href=3D"h=
ttps://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=3D319687" style=3D"color:rgb(52,1=
10,173);text-decoration:none;box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:inherit"><=
img height=3D"554" width=3D"420" src=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-cont=
ent/uploads/sites/20/2026/06/pg_2026.06.22_us-image-2026_0_01.png?w=3D420" =
alt=3D"A bar chart showing How people in 36 countries see the U.S. and Trum=
p" class=3D"gmail-wp-image-319687 gmail-not-transparent" style=3D"height: a=
uto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: bottom; borde=
r-radius: inherit; background-color: rgb(227, 232, 232);"></a><p class=3D"g=
mail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;mar=
gin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">Across 36 nations polled, a median of 23% =
of adults express confidence in his leadership of world affairs. In many co=
untries, confidence in Trump has slipped since last year.</p><p class=3D"gm=
ail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;marg=
in-left:auto;margin-right:auto">Overall ratings for the United States are a=
lso largely negative. Favorable views of the country have declined in many =
places over the past year, including double-digit drops in Indonesia, Italy=
, Nigeria, South Africa, South Korea and Turkey.</p><div class=3D"gmail-wp-=
block-group gmail-alignright gmail-is-style-callout gmail-has-ui-beige-very=
-light-background-color gmail-has-background gmail-has-global-padding gmail=
-is-layout-constrained gmail-wp-container-core-group-is-layout-f036e548 gma=
il-wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;pad=
ding:1em;border-top:1px solid rgb(230,231,230);clear:right;float:right;marg=
in-left:1em;margin-bottom:1em;background-color:rgb(247,247,241)"><h4 id=3D"=
gmail-what-is-a-median" class=3D"gmail-wp-block-heading gmail-has-small-fon=
t-size" style=3D"font-family:franklin-gothic-urw,Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;=
line-height:1.4;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:300px;margin-left:auto;marg=
in-right:auto">What is a median?</h4><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" =
style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:300px;font-family:franklin-gothic-=
urw,Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;font-size:14px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:=
auto">In this analysis, median scores are used to help readers see overall =
patterns in the data. The median percentage is the middle number in a list =
of all percentages sorted from highest to lowest.</p></div><p class=3D"gmai=
l-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin=
-left:auto;margin-right:auto">There are seven nations in the study where a =
majority of adults rate the U.S. positively. The highest rating (81% favora=
ble) comes from Israel. Some of the lowest ratings are from predominantly M=
uslim publics, such as Malaysians, Pakistanis, Turks, and Palestinians in t=
he West Bank and East Jerusalem. (We were unable to survey in Gaza.)</p><p =
class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width=
:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">Trump gets mostly poor marks for=
 his handling of key foreign policy issues, including tariffs, Gaza, Iran, =
Greenland and the Russia-Ukraine war.</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragra=
ph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-=
right:auto">The survey reveals striking changes over time in how people per=
ceive the U.S. and its role in world affairs.</p><a href=3D"https://www.pew=
research.org/?attachment_id=3D319695" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);text-d=
ecoration:none;box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:inherit"><img height=3D"=
852" width=3D"420" src=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/si=
tes/20/2026/06/pg_2026.06.22_us-image-2026_0_02.png?w=3D420" alt=3D"A set o=
f line charts showing that Decreasing shares see the U.S. as a reliable par=
tner" class=3D"gmail-wp-image-319695 gmail-not-transparent" style=3D"height=
: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; vertical-align: bottom; bo=
rder-radius: inherit; background-color: rgb(238, 240, 239);"></a><p class=
=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640p=
x;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">The share of the public who considers=
 the U.S. a reliable partner has declined steeply in many countries since w=
e last asked this question in 2022, during Joe Biden=E2=80=99s presidency.<=
/p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max=
-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">This downward turn in opin=
ion has taken place in several nations with which the U.S. has longstanding=
 economic and security ties. For example, in Canada, 83% described the U.S.=
 as a reliable partner in 2022, compared with 35% today. Large declines hav=
e also been measured in some of America=E2=80=99s key Asia-Pacific partners=
.</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;m=
ax-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><em style=3D"box-sizing:=
border-box">For more views of U.S. reliability over time, refer to=C2=A0<a =
href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/appendix-a-detailed-t=
ables-us-image-2026/" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);box-sizing:border-box"=
>Appendix A</a>.</em></p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box=
-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">A 36=
-country median of 35% say the U.S. contributes to peace and stability arou=
nd the world. The share of people who hold this view is down significantly =
in many countries since 2023.=C2=A0</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph=
" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-ri=
ght:auto">Similarly, the share who think the U.S. takes into account the in=
terests of other countries when making foreign policy decisions has decline=
d in most nations where trends from 2023 are available.</p><p class=3D"gmai=
l-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin=
-left:auto;margin-right:auto">For instance, 60% of Germans three years ago =
said the U.S. considers other countries=E2=80=99 interests, but that share =
has dropped to 23% today. German public opinion is now similar to or more n=
egative than what was measured during George W. Bush=E2=80=99s presidency, =
when many people in Europe and elsewhere=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://carnegieen=
dowment.org/europe/strategic-europe/2023/03/the-iraq-invasions-long-shadow"=
 style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);box-sizing:border-box">strongly opposed the=
 war in Iraq</a>=C2=A0and other major elements of U.S. foreign policy. In s=
urveys conducted from 2002 to 2007, between 27% and 53% of Germans said the=
 U.S. considers the interests of countries like theirs when making foreign =
policy.</p><a href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=3D319694" =
style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);text-decoration:none;box-sizing:border-box;b=
order-radius:inherit"><img height=3D"720" width=3D"420" src=3D"https://www.=
pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2026/06/pg_2026.06.22_us-image-=
2026_0_03.png?w=3D420" alt=3D"A set of line charts showing Large decreases =
in shares saying the U.S. government respects its people=E2=80=99s personal=
 freedoms" class=3D"gmail-wp-image-319694 gmail-not-transparent" style=3D"h=
eight: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; contain-intrinsic-siz=
e: 3000px 1500px; vertical-align: bottom; border-radius: inherit; backgroun=
d-color: rgb(237, 238, 237);"></a><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" sty=
le=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:a=
uto">Our polling over the past few years has found=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://=
www.pewresearch.org/global/2024/06/11/is-u-s-democracy-a-good-example-to-fo=
llow/" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);box-sizing:border-box">widespread con=
cerns</a>=C2=A0about the health of American democracy in many places, and t=
he new survey shows that large shares of people around the world no longer =
believe the U.S. respects individual liberty.</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block=
-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto=
;margin-right:auto">A 36-country median of 39% say the U.S. government resp=
ects the personal freedoms of its people, while 56% say it does not.</p><p =
class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width=
:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">In 12 of the 13 countries where =
we last asked about this in 2021, during the Biden administration, there ha=
ve been double-digit declines in the shares who say the U.S. respects perso=
nal freedoms.</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:=
border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">Over a longe=
r span, some of these shares have fallen even farther in several of these n=
ations.</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border=
-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">A 2013 Center surv=
ey represented a high point for this measure in several nations we have pol=
led regularly. That year, as Barack Obama began his second term as presiden=
t, three-quarters or more in Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Is=
rael, Italy, Japan, Poland, the Philippines, South Korea and the United Kin=
gdom said the U.S. respected personal freedoms.</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-blo=
ck-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:au=
to;margin-right:auto">However, in 2014, this view became less common in som=
e countries=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-231239=
64" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);box-sizing:border-box">after disclosures=
</a>=C2=A0by former National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden reve=
aled the government=E2=80=99s vast capacity to intercept communications aro=
und the world.</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing=
:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">This year, =
the share of the public saying the U.S. respects personal freedoms is the l=
owest it=E2=80=99s been in several countries we have surveyed for years, in=
cluding Australia, Brazil, Chile, Greece, Indonesia, Italy, Kenya, Mexico, =
the Netherlands, Peru, the Philippines, Poland, South Africa, South Korea a=
nd Sweden.=C2=A0</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizi=
ng:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><em style=
=3D"box-sizing:border-box">For more views of the U.S. government=E2=80=99s =
respect for personal freedoms over time, refer to=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://w=
ww.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/appendix-a-detailed-tables-us-image-20=
26/" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);box-sizing:border-box">Appendix A</a>.<=
/em></p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-bo=
x;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">For this report, we s=
urveyed 42,151 people in 36 countries from Feb. 8 to May 13, 2026.</p><p cl=
ass=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:6=
40px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">Jump to the sections below to lear=
n more about international perceptions of the U.S.:</p><ul class=3D"gmail-w=
p-block-list" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;padding-left:1=
rem;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><li style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;=
margin-bottom:1px"><a href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23=
/trump-gets-negative-reviews-internationally-as-fewer-say-u-s-is-a-reliable=
-partner/#where-does-trump-get-his-highest-and-lowest-ratings" style=3D"col=
or:rgb(52,110,173);text-decoration:none;box-sizing:border-box">Where does T=
rump get his highest and lowest ratings?</a></li><li style=3D"box-sizing:bo=
rder-box;margin-bottom:1px"><a href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2=
026/06/23/trump-gets-negative-reviews-internationally-as-fewer-say-u-s-is-a=
-reliable-partner/#how-do-ratings-of-trump-compare-with-previous-presidents=
" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);text-decoration:none;box-sizing:border-box=
">How do ratings of Trump compare with previous presidents?</a></li><li sty=
le=3D"box-sizing:border-box;margin-bottom:1px"><a href=3D"https://www.pewre=
search.org/global/2026/06/23/trump-gets-negative-reviews-internationally-as=
-fewer-say-u-s-is-a-reliable-partner/#do-people-approve-of-how-trump-is-han=
dling-major-international-issues" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);text-decor=
ation:none;box-sizing:border-box">Do people approve of how Trump is handlin=
g major international issues?</a></li><li style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;ma=
rgin-bottom:1px"><a href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/t=
rump-gets-negative-reviews-internationally-as-fewer-say-u-s-is-a-reliable-p=
artner/#do-people-around-the-world-view-the-u-s-favorably-or-unfavorably" s=
tyle=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);text-decoration:none;box-sizing:border-box">D=
o people around the world view the U.S. favorably or unfavorably?</a></li><=
li style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;margin-bottom:1px"><a href=3D"https://www=
.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/trump-gets-negative-reviews-internationa=
lly-as-fewer-say-u-s-is-a-reliable-partner/#does-the-u-s-contribute-to-peac=
e-and-stability" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);text-decoration:none;box-si=
zing:border-box">Does the U.S. contribute to peace and stability?</a></li><=
li style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;margin-bottom:1px"><a href=3D"https://www=
.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/trump-gets-negative-reviews-internationa=
lly-as-fewer-say-u-s-is-a-reliable-partner/#does-the-u-s-consider-other-cou=
ntries-interests" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);text-decoration:none;box-s=
izing:border-box">Does the U.S. consider other countries=E2=80=99 interests=
?</a></li></ul><h3 id=3D"gmail-where-does-trump-get-his-highest-and-lowest-=
ratings" class=3D"gmail-wp-block-heading" style=3D"font-family:abril-text,G=
eorgia,&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;font-size:20px;line-height:1=
.3;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto=
">Where does Trump get his highest and lowest ratings?</h3><p class=3D"gmai=
l-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin=
-left:auto;margin-right:auto">Trump gets his best ratings in the Philippine=
s, Israel, Nigeria, Kenya and Ghana.</p><a href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.=
org/?attachment_id=3D319693" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);text-decoration=
:none;box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:inherit"><img height=3D"860" widt=
h=3D"310" src=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/20=
26/06/pg_2026.06.22_us-image-2026_0_04.png?w=3D310" alt=3D"A bar chart show=
ing Widespread lack of confidence in Trump" class=3D"gmail-wp-image-319693 =
gmail-not-transparent" style=3D"height: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: =
border-box; contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px; vertical-align: bottom; =
border-radius: inherit; background-color: rgb(212, 221, 222);"></a><p class=
=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640p=
x;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">In Israel, views of Trump are conside=
rably more positive among Jews (79% have confidence in him) than among Arab=
s (13%).</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:borde=
r-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">And in Nigeria, T=
rump receives more positive ratings among Christians (87%) than Muslims (33=
%). Since last year, confidence in him has risen by 6 percentage points amo=
ng Christians but dropped by 41 points among Muslims.</p><p class=3D"gmail-=
wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-l=
eft:auto;margin-right:auto">There are 26 places surveyed in which 30% of th=
e public or less expresses confidence in the U.S. president. In Turkey, as =
well as in the West Bank and East Jerusalem, that share is in the single di=
gits.</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-b=
ox;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">Confidence in Trump =
has declined since last year in 16 of 24 nations where trend data is availa=
ble. There is no country surveyed in which attitudes toward him have become=
 more positive.</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizin=
g:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">In 18 of 2=
7 countries where we measure political ideology, people on the right are mo=
re likely than those on the left to express confidence in Trump. He receive=
s particularly positive marks from Europeans with favorable views of right-=
wing populist parties. Still, even among supporters of some of these partie=
s, Trump=E2=80=99s ratings have worsened since last year.</p><p class=3D"gm=
ail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;marg=
in-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><em style=3D"box-sizing:border-box">For mor=
e on how we classify populist parties, refer to=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://www=
.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/appendix-b-classifying-european-politica=
l-parties-us-image-2026/" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);box-sizing:border-=
box">Appendix B</a>.</em></p><h3 id=3D"gmail-how-do-ratings-of-trump-compar=
e-with-previous-presidents" class=3D"gmail-wp-block-heading" style=3D"font-=
family:abril-text,Georgia,&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;font-size=
:20px;line-height:1.3;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:aut=
o;margin-right:auto">How do ratings of Trump compare with previous presiden=
ts?</h3><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-bo=
x;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">Pew Research Center h=
as measured international attitudes toward U.S. presidents for over two dec=
ades, charting large shifts in public opinion in many regions. Findings fro=
m France, Germany, Spain and the U.K. highlight some long-term trends in vi=
ews of recent presidents.</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D=
"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">=
The latest ratings for Trump in these four nations, while low, tend to be s=
lightly higher than at the=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/glob=
al/2020/09/15/us-image-plummets-internationally-as-most-say-country-has-han=
dled-coronavirus-badly/#confidence-in-president-trump-is-low-similar-to-his=
-first-year-in-office" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);box-sizing:border-box=
">end of his first term</a>. They=E2=80=99re about equal to or somewhat hig=
her than ratings for Bush at the end of his second term.</p><a href=3D"http=
s://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=3D319692" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,=
173);text-decoration:none;box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:inherit"><img=
 height=3D"436" width=3D"640" src=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content=
/uploads/sites/20/2026/06/pg_2026.06.22_us-image-2026_0_05.png?w=3D640" alt=
=3D"A line chart showing Confidence in U.S. presidents across Western Europ=
e" class=3D"gmail-wp-image-319692 gmail-not-transparent" style=3D"height: a=
uto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; contain-intrinsic-size: 3000p=
x 1500px; vertical-align: bottom; border-radius: inherit; background-color:=
 rgb(237, 236, 231);"></a><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"bo=
x-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">Oba=
ma consistently received much higher ratings in these Western European coun=
tries during his two terms in the White House. Views of Biden were also rel=
atively positive, although attitudes toward Biden turned more negative over=
 the course of his presidency.</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" sty=
le=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:a=
uto"><em style=3D"box-sizing:border-box">For more on confidence in Trump an=
d previous U.S. presidents over time, refer to our=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://=
docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1V6cS7y7Gg3mnOWcB04EmXvpuxLAEJ1MskgfMI4SwORo=
/edit?usp=3Dsharing" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);box-sizing:border-box">=
detailed data sheet</a>.</em></p><h3 id=3D"gmail-do-people-approve-of-how-t=
rump-is-handling-major-international-issues" class=3D"gmail-wp-block-headin=
g" style=3D"font-family:abril-text,Georgia,&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Time=
s,serif;font-size:20px;line-height:1.3;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640p=
x;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">Do people approve of how Trump is han=
dling major international issues?</h3><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph"=
 style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-rig=
ht:auto">We asked respondents whether they approve or disapprove of how Tru=
mp is dealing with eight key global issues. At least half of adults in most=
 countries disapprove of how he is handling each of these.</p><a href=3D"ht=
tps://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=3D319691" style=3D"color:rgb(52,11=
0,173);text-decoration:none;box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:inherit"><i=
mg height=3D"412" width=3D"310" src=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-conte=
nt/uploads/sites/20/2026/06/pg_2026.06.22_us-image-2026_0_06.png?w=3D310" a=
lt=3D"A bar chart showing that Few across 36 countries approve of Trump=E2=
=80=99s handling of international issues" class=3D"gmail-wp-image-319691 gm=
ail-not-transparent" style=3D"height: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: bo=
rder-box; contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px; vertical-align: bottom; bo=
rder-radius: inherit; background-color: rgb(216, 223, 224);"></a><p class=
=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640p=
x;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">In every nation surveyed, most or all=
 interviews took place after the U.S. and Israel launched the military conf=
lict with Iran on Feb. 28, 2026.</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" s=
tyle=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right=
:auto"><strong style=3D"box-sizing:border-box"><em style=3D"box-sizing:bord=
er-box">Related:=C2=A0</em></strong><a href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/=
global/2026/06/09/israelis-palestinians-americans-see-war-in-iran-different=
ly/" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);box-sizing:border-box"><em style=3D"box=
-sizing:border-box">Israelis, Palestinians, Americans See War in Iran Diffe=
rently</em></a></p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizin=
g:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">Overall, a=
 median of 74% of adults across 36 nations disapprove of how Trump is deali=
ng with=C2=A0<strong style=3D"box-sizing:border-box">Iran.=C2=A0</strong>Is=
rael is the only country where a clear majority (73%) approve, though 51% a=
lso express this view in Kenya and Nigeria.</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-p=
aragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;m=
argin-right:auto">Relatively few approve in Pakistan (21%) and Turkey (5%),=
 which share a border with Iran. Similarly, just 5% of Palestinians in the =
West Bank and East Jerusalem approve.</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragra=
ph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-=
right:auto">To explore how the war may have affected overall views of the U=
.S., we conducted a separate analysis using a statistical technique called =
regression. The results suggest that as the war =E2=80=93 and our survey fi=
eldwork =E2=80=93 progressed, attitudes toward the U.S. became more negativ=
e in some countries.</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-=
sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><em s=
tyle=3D"box-sizing:border-box">For more, read:=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://www.=
pewresearch.org/decoded/2026/06/23/what-happens-when-war-breaks-out-in-the-=
middle-of-a-survey/" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);box-sizing:border-box">=
=E2=80=9CWhat happens when war breaks out in the middle of a survey?=E2=80=
=9D</a></em></p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:b=
order-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">Trump gets hi=
s highest ratings on=C2=A0<strong style=3D"box-sizing:border-box">internati=
onal humanitarian aid,</strong>=C2=A0though most disapprove of how he=E2=80=
=99s handling this issue. (We did not ask about knowledge of the Trump admi=
nistration=E2=80=99s cuts to foreign aid or knowledge of its other policies=
.) Majorities approve of how he has dealt with humanitarian aid in five of =
the middle-income nations (as defined by=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://blogs.worl=
dbank.org/en/opendata/understanding-country-income--world-bank-group-income=
-classifica" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);box-sizing:border-box">World Ba=
nk lending groups</a>) surveyed: the Philippines (66%), Kenya (65%), Sri La=
nka (57%), Colombia (56%) and Peru (55%).</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-par=
agraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;mar=
gin-right:auto">Trump gets his second-highest ratings on=C2=A0<strong style=
=3D"box-sizing:border-box">immigration.</strong>=C2=A0His immigration polic=
ies tend to be more popular among people on the ideological right, and espe=
cially Europeans who support right-wing populist parties.</p><p class=3D"gm=
ail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;marg=
in-left:auto;margin-right:auto">A median of just 22% approve of the way Tru=
mp has dealt with=C2=A0<strong style=3D"box-sizing:border-box">Venezuela.</=
strong>=C2=A0Still, views are slightly more positive in some Latin American=
 nations, including Venezuela=E2=80=99s neighbor Colombia (46%).</p><p clas=
s=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640=
px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">Trump receives low marks in Europe f=
or his handling of both=C2=A0<strong style=3D"box-sizing:border-box">Greenl=
and</strong>=C2=A0and the=C2=A0<strong style=3D"box-sizing:border-box">Russ=
ia-Ukraine war.</strong>=C2=A0<em style=3D"box-sizing:border-box">For more,=
 read: =E2=80=9C</em><a href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/=
23/trump-gets-negative-reviews-internationally-as-fewer-say-u-s-is-a-reliab=
le-partner/#_European_views_of" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);box-sizing:b=
order-box"><em style=3D"box-sizing:border-box">European views of Trump and =
the U.S. are especially negative</em></a>.=E2=80=9D</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp=
-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-lef=
t:auto;margin-right:auto">There is no country in which a majority approves =
of how Trump is dealing with the conflict in=C2=A0<strong style=3D"box-sizi=
ng:border-box">Gaza.</strong>=C2=A0(At the time of our survey, a=C2=A0<a hr=
ef=3D"https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2026-04-10/gaza-marks-6-mo=
nths-of-ceasefire-that-may-offer-lessons-for-iran-war" style=3D"color:rgb(5=
2,110,173);box-sizing:border-box">fragile ceasefire</a>=C2=A0existed betwee=
n Israel and Hamas.) Very few Palestinians in the West Bank and East Jerusa=
lem approve (3%), while Israelis are divided: 48% approve and 48% disapprov=
e, with Israeli Jews (57% approve) and Israeli Arabs (14%) expressing very =
different views.</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizi=
ng:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">The Trump=
 administration=E2=80=99s=C2=A0<strong style=3D"box-sizing:border-box">tari=
ff policies</strong>=C2=A0are widely unpopular. Kenya is the only country s=
urveyed in which a majority (55%) approve of how Trump is handling this iss=
ue. Attitudes are especially negative in many nations with which the U.S. h=
as major trade relationships, including the U.K. (27% approve), India (18%)=
, Canada (17%), Japan (15%), South Korea (14%), Mexico (11%) and Germany (8=
%).=C2=A0</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:bord=
er-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><em style=3D"box=
-sizing:border-box">For more views of Trump=E2=80=99s foreign policy action=
s, refer to=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/a=
ppendix-a-detailed-tables-us-image-2026/" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);bo=
x-sizing:border-box">Appendix A</a>.</em></p><h3 id=3D"gmail-do-people-arou=
nd-the-world-view-the-u-s-favorably-or-unfavorably" class=3D"gmail-wp-block=
-heading" style=3D"font-family:abril-text,Georgia,&quot;Times New Roman&quo=
t;,Times,serif;font-size:20px;line-height:1.3;box-sizing:border-box;max-wid=
th:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">Do people around the world vie=
w the U.S. favorably or unfavorably?</h3><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragra=
ph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-=
right:auto">Across the 36 countries surveyed, a median of 37% of adults exp=
ress a favorable view of the U.S., while 57% have an unfavorable view.</p><=
a href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=3D319690" style=3D"col=
or:rgb(52,110,173);text-decoration:none;box-sizing:border-box;border-radius=
:inherit"><img height=3D"840" width=3D"310" src=3D"https://www.pewresearch.=
org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2026/06/pg_2026.06.22_us-image-2026_0_07.pn=
g?w=3D310" alt=3D"A bar chart showing Views of the U.S. around the world" c=
lass=3D"gmail-wp-image-319690 gmail-not-transparent" style=3D"height: auto;=
 max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 15=
00px; vertical-align: bottom; border-radius: inherit; background-color: rgb=
(218, 225, 223);"></a><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-si=
zing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">In Euro=
pe and the Asia-Pacific region, opinions are largely negative: Seven-in-ten=
 or more in many of these nations rate the U.S. unfavorably.</p><p class=3D=
"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;m=
argin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">The U.S. receives its highest rating in =
Israel, at 81% favorable, while roughly eight-in-ten in Turkey and in the W=
est Bank and East Jerusalem see the U.S. negatively.</p><p class=3D"gmail-w=
p-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-le=
ft:auto;margin-right:auto">In=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/g=
lobal/2025/06/11/views-of-the-united-states/" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173=
);box-sizing:border-box">past surveys</a>, the U.S. has received largely fa=
vorable ratings in the African nations surveyed. This year, views are relat=
ively more positive than not in Ghana, Kenya and Nigeria. Still, favorable =
ratings are down 15 points since last year in Nigeria, as well as in South =
Africa.</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border=
-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">Latin Americans ex=
press a range of opinions. Most Colombians rate the U.S. positively, while =
views are more divided in Peru, Brazil and Argentina. Around half or more M=
exicans and Chileans have an unfavorable opinion.</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-b=
lock-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:=
auto;margin-right:auto">Favorable views have declined significantly in 15 o=
f 24 nations where trends from last year are available. Mexico is the only =
country where views improved, from 29% to 40% favorable.</p><p class=3D"gma=
il-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margi=
n-left:auto;margin-right:auto">In many of the countries we have surveyed si=
nce 2002 =E2=80=93 including Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the Philippine=
s, South Africa, South Korea and the U.K. =E2=80=93 positive ratings are at=
 or near the lowest they=E2=80=99ve been.</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-par=
agraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;mar=
gin-right:auto">And although overall ratings for the U.S. are positive in I=
srael and Nigeria, they are at historic lows in our polling among some subg=
roups in both countries. Only 19% of Arab Israelis express a favorable view=
 of the U.S., down from 29% last year and the lowest share we=E2=80=99ve me=
asured in any of our Israel surveys. In contrast, 96% of Jewish Israelis ha=
ve a favorable opinion of the U.S.</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph"=
 style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-rig=
ht:auto">Similarly, a record-low 36% of Nigerian Muslims rate the U.S. favo=
rably, down drastically from 73% last year. Roughly eight-in-ten Nigerian C=
hristians (82%) express a favorable view.</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-par=
agraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;mar=
gin-right:auto"><em style=3D"box-sizing:border-box">For more on views of th=
e U.S. over time, refer to our=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://docs.google.com/spre=
adsheets/d/1V6cS7y7Gg3mnOWcB04EmXvpuxLAEJ1MskgfMI4SwORo/edit?usp=3Dsharing"=
 style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);box-sizing:border-box">detailed data sheet<=
/a>.</em></p><h3 id=3D"gmail-does-the-u-s-contribute-to-peace-and-stability=
" class=3D"gmail-wp-block-heading" style=3D"font-family:abril-text,Georgia,=
&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;font-size:20px;line-height:1.3;box-=
sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">Does =
the U.S. contribute to peace and stability?</h3><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-=
paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;=
margin-right:auto">A median of 35% of adults across the 36 nations polled t=
hink the U.S. contributes a great deal or a fair amount to peace and stabil=
ity around the world.</p><a href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment=
_id=3D319689" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);text-decoration:none;box-sizin=
g:border-box;border-radius:inherit"><img height=3D"788" width=3D"420" src=
=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2026/06/pg_2026=
.06.22_us-image-2026_0_08.png?w=3D420" alt=3D"A set of line charts showing =
that Fewer believe the U.S. contributes to peace and stability around the w=
orld than in 2023" class=3D"gmail-wp-image-319689 gmail-not-transparent" st=
yle=3D"height: auto; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; contain-intri=
nsic-size: 3000px 1500px; vertical-align: bottom; border-radius: inherit; b=
ackground-color: rgb(235, 236, 235);"></a><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragr=
aph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin=
-right:auto">However, opinions vary widely. Around seven-in-ten or more in =
the Philippines (77%), Kenya (74%) and Israel (73%) say the U.S. contribute=
s to global stability, while one-in-five or fewer share this view in Argent=
ina (20%), the Netherlands (19%), the West Bank and East Jerusalem (14%) an=
d Turkey (10%).</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizin=
g:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">People hav=
e become much less likely to believe the U.S. adds to global peace and secu=
rity since we last asked this question in 2023, during the Biden administra=
tion. This share of the public has shrunk in 19 of 22 countries where trend=
 data is available. In Sweden, the Netherlands, Poland, Canada and Australi=
a, it=E2=80=99s fallen by 30 points or more.</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-=
paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;=
margin-right:auto"><em style=3D"box-sizing:border-box">For more views of th=
e U.S. contributing to peace and stability over time, refer to=C2=A0<a href=
=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/appendix-a-detailed-table=
s-us-image-2026/" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);box-sizing:border-box">App=
endix A</a>.</em></p><h3 id=3D"gmail-does-the-u-s-consider-other-countries-=
interests" class=3D"gmail-wp-block-heading" style=3D"font-family:abril-text=
,Georgia,&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,Times,serif;font-size:20px;line-height=
:1.3;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:au=
to">Does the U.S. consider other countries=E2=80=99 interests?</h3><p class=
=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640p=
x;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">Across the 36 nations polled, a media=
n of 32% of adults think the U.S. takes into account the interests of count=
ries like theirs a great deal or a fair amount in its foreign policy decisi=
ons.</p><a href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/?attachment_id=3D319688" sty=
le=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);text-decoration:none;box-sizing:border-box;bord=
er-radius:inherit"><img height=3D"648" width=3D"310" src=3D"https://www.pew=
research.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2026/06/pg_2026.06.22_us-image-202=
6_0_09.png?w=3D310" alt=3D"A set of line charts showing that Fewer say the =
U.S. considers other countries=E2=80=99 interests today than in 2023" class=
=3D"gmail-wp-image-319688 gmail-not-transparent" style=3D"height: auto; max=
-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px=
; vertical-align: bottom; border-radius: inherit; background-color: rgb(235=
, 237, 236);"></a><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing=
:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto">Majorities =
hold this view in the Philippines (74%), Kenya (68%), Israel (68%), Nigeria=
 (64%) and Sri Lanka (62%).</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=
=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:aut=
o">Few in the NATO member states surveyed say the U.S. considers their inte=
rests. Hungarians (35%) are the most likely of these allies to say it takes=
 other nations=E2=80=99 interests into account, followed by the U.K. (26%).=
 Only 10% in France and 8% in Sweden express this opinion.</p><p class=3D"g=
mail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;mar=
gin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><em style=3D"box-sizing:border-box">For mo=
re, read: =E2=80=9C</em><a href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/=
06/23/trump-gets-negative-reviews-internationally-as-fewer-say-u-s-is-a-rel=
iable-partner/#_European_views_of" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);box-sizin=
g:border-box"><em style=3D"box-sizing:border-box">European views of Trump a=
nd the U.S. are especially negative</em></a>.=E2=80=9D</p><p class=3D"gmail=
-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-=
left:auto;margin-right:auto">This view has become less common in 19 of 22 c=
ountries where trend data from 2023 is available.</p><p class=3D"gmail-wp-b=
lock-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-left:=
auto;margin-right:auto">In many nations where we have been asking this ques=
tion over many years, the share of the public who think the U.S. considers =
other countries=E2=80=99 interests is at or near an all-time low, while the=
 share who say it does not is at or near an all-time high. This is the case=
 in Germany, Indonesia, Japan, Mexico, South Africa and the U.K.</p><p clas=
s=3D"gmail-wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640=
px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><em style=3D"box-sizing:border-box">=
For more views on whether the U.S. takes other countries=E2=80=99 interests=
 into account, refer to=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/global/=
2026/06/23/appendix-a-detailed-tables-us-image-2026/" style=3D"color:rgb(52=
,110,173);box-sizing:border-box">Appendix A</a>.</em></p><p class=3D"gmail-=
wp-block-paragraph" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;max-width:640px;margin-l=
eft:auto;margin-right:auto">Read more findings and analysis based on this s=
urvey:</p><ul class=3D"gmail-wp-block-list" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;=
max-width:640px;padding-left:1rem;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><li s=
tyle=3D"box-sizing:border-box;margin-bottom:1px"><a href=3D"https://www.pew=
research.org/global/2026/06/23/how-do-views-of-trump-compare-with-other-glo=
bal-leaders/" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);text-decoration:none;box-sizin=
g:border-box">How do views of Trump compare with other global leaders?</a><=
/li><li style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;margin-bottom:1px"><a href=3D"https:=
//www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/comparing-how-americans-and-others-=
around-the-world-view-the-united-states-global-role/" style=3D"color:rgb(52=
,110,173);text-decoration:none;box-sizing:border-box">Comparing how America=
ns and others around the world view the United States=E2=80=99 global role<=
/a></li><li style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;margin-bottom:1px"><a href=3D"ht=
tps://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/european-views-of-trump-and-the=
-u-s-are-especially-negative/" style=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);text-decorati=
on:none;box-sizing:border-box">European views of Trump and the U.S. are esp=
ecially negative</a></li><li style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;margin-bottom:1=
px"><a href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/in-middle-inco=
me-nations-most-say-the-u-s-interferes-in-other-countries-affairs/" style=
=3D"color:rgb(52,110,173);text-decoration:none;box-sizing:border-box">In mi=
ddle-income nations, most say the U.S. interferes in other countries=E2=80=
=99 affairs</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=3D"gmail-wp-elements-dbc90a=
f5e7c3c0311f96f997c704bc82 gmail-wp-block-prc-block-report-pagination gmail=
-has-text-color gmail-has-ui-black-color gmail-is-layout-flex gmail-wp-bloc=
k-prc-block-report-pagination-is-layout-flex" style=3D"box-sizing:border-bo=
x;background:inherit;display:flex;max-width:640px;color:rgb(0,0,0);margin-l=
eft:auto;margin-right:auto"><a href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2=
026/06/23/how-do-views-of-trump-compare-with-other-global-leaders/" rel=3D"=
prefetch" class=3D"gmail-wp-block-prc-block-report-pagination__next-post-bu=
tton" alt=3D"Go to the next post in this report: Next: How do views of Trum=
p compare with other global leaders?" style=3D"color:rgb(0,0,0);text-decora=
tion:none;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0px;background-color:rgb(240,240,230=
);display:flex;font-size:0.875em;padding:1em;width:640px">Next: How do view=
s of Trump compare with other global leaders?</a><div class=3D"gmail-common=
-block-style__pagination__container" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;width:6=
40px;margin:0px"><div class=3D"gmail-common-block-style__pagination" style=
=3D"box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;width:640px"><span class=3D"gmail-is=
-disabled gmail-common-block-style__pagination__pagination-previous" style=
=3D"box-sizing:border-box;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:0.1em;text-transfor=
m:uppercase;opacity:0.5">=E2=86=90 Prev Page</span><div class=3D"gmail-comm=
on-block-style__pagination__pagination-numbers" style=3D"box-sizing:border-=
box;display:flex;font-size:13px"><span class=3D"gmail-common-block-style__p=
agination__page-numbers gmail-is-active" title=3D"Trump Gets Negative Revie=
ws Internationally as Fewer Say U.S. Is a Reliable Partner" style=3D"box-si=
zing:border-box;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;line-height:1em;padding=
:0.25em 0.5em;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0);border-color:rgba(0,0,0,0)">1<=
/span><a href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/how-do-views=
-of-trump-compare-with-other-global-leaders/" class=3D"gmail-common-block-s=
tyle__pagination__page-numbers" title=3D"How do views of Trump compare with=
 other global leaders?" style=3D"color:rgb(0,0,0);text-decoration:none;box-=
sizing:border-box;border-color:rgb(218,219,219);border-style:solid;border-w=
idth:1px;line-height:1em;padding:0.25em 0.5em;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0=
)">2</a><a href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/comparing-=
how-americans-and-others-around-the-world-view-the-united-states-global-rol=
e/" class=3D"gmail-common-block-style__pagination__page-numbers" title=3D"C=
omparing how Americans and others around the world view the United States=
=E2=80=99 global role" style=3D"color:rgb(0,0,0);text-decoration:none;box-s=
izing:border-box;border-color:rgb(218,219,219);border-style:solid;border-wi=
dth:1px;line-height:1em;padding:0.25em 0.5em;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0)=
">3</a><a href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/european-vi=
ews-of-trump-and-the-u-s-are-especially-negative/" class=3D"gmail-common-bl=
ock-style__pagination__page-numbers" title=3D"European views of Trump and t=
he U.S. are especially negative" style=3D"color:rgb(0,0,0);text-decoration:=
none;box-sizing:border-box;border-color:rgb(218,219,219);border-style:solid=
;border-width:1px;line-height:1em;padding:0.25em 0.5em;background-color:rgb=
a(0,0,0,0)">4</a><a href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/i=
n-middle-income-nations-most-say-the-u-s-interferes-in-other-countries-affa=
irs/" class=3D"gmail-common-block-style__pagination__page-numbers" title=3D=
"In middle-income nations, most say the U.S. interferes in other countries=
=E2=80=99 affairs" style=3D"color:rgb(0,0,0);text-decoration:none;box-sizin=
g:border-box;border-color:rgb(218,219,219);border-style:solid;border-width:=
1px;line-height:1em;padding:0.25em 0.5em;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0)">5<=
/a><a href=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/appendix-a-deta=
iled-tables-us-image-2026/" class=3D"gmail-common-block-style__pagination__=
page-numbers" title=3D"Appendix A: Detailed tables" style=3D"color:rgb(0,0,=
0);text-decoration:none;box-sizing:border-box;border-color:rgb(218,219,219)=
;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;line-height:1em;padding:0.25em 0.5em;b=
ackground-color:rgba(0,0,0,0)">6</a><span class=3D"gmail-common-block-style=
__pagination__page-numbers gmail-dots" style=3D"box-sizing:border-box;borde=
r-color:rgb(218,219,219);border-style:solid;border-width:1px;line-height:1e=
m;padding:0.25em 0.5em;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0)">=E2=80=A6</span><a h=
ref=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/methodology-us-image-2=
026/" class=3D"gmail-common-block-style__pagination__page-numbers" title=3D=
"Methodology" style=3D"color:rgb(0,0,0);text-decoration:none;box-sizing:bor=
der-box;border-color:rgb(218,219,219);border-style:solid;border-width:1px;l=
ine-height:1em;padding:0.25em 0.5em;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,0)">10</a><=
/div><a class=3D"gmail-common-block-style__pagination__pagination-next" hre=
f=3D"https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2026/06/23/how-do-views-of-trump-co=
mpare-with-other-global-leaders/" style=3D"color:rgb(0,0,0);text-decoration=
:none;box-sizing:border-box;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:0.1em;text-transf=
orm:uppercase;text-align:right">Next Page =E2=86=92</a></div></div></div></=
div></div></div></div>

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https://x.com/academic_la/status/2069350345558593601
The Trump administration has announced a massive diplomatic push to sell
the Iran deal. It will include visits to the Gulf by Rubio, but not to
Israel, which has been bypassed completely:

1) This is a sign for Israel that even the man they consider their ally is
working for the deal and not helping Israel.

2) Israeli officials are terrified by this prospect, the most explicit sign
yet Israel and its concerns are being ignored. Former advisor to several
Prime Ministers Shalom Lipner said,  "It speaks volumes that Israel, which
looks to Rubio as the administration principal most sympathetic to its
interests, is not on this itinerary. Trump keeping him away at this time?"

3) Sources in the Netanyahu government have expressed exasperation that
Rubio is traveling to pitch a $300 billion reconstruction fund and a
framework that leaves Iran's ballistic missilles intact and actively
reassuring Gulf states that accommodation won't hurt their survival, while
completely ignoring Israeli concerns about the deal.

4) Instead of a face-to-face bilateral meeting with a visiting Secretary of
State, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu was forced to accept a
remote phone briefing from Rubio. A procedural demotion and a genuine snub.

5) This comes as Israel has been forced by the US to stop advancing in
Lebanon. The New York Times and Ynet published accounts of how the IDF has
been given orders just to defend under extreme American pressure.

A source I talked to in the Israeli Foreign Ministry told me, "this may be
the worst case of abandonment Israel has experienced by the US in its
history." There is a sense that everything is aligning against Israel right
now.

--00000000000006ce580654f4eb33
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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir=
=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr"><a href=3D"https://x.com/academic_la/status/2=
069350345558593601" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank" style=3D"backgroun=
d-color:transparent">https://x.com/academic_la/status/2069350345558593601</=
a></div>
The Trump administration has announced a massive diplomatic push to sell th=
e Iran deal. It will include visits to the Gulf by Rubio, but not to Israel=
, which has been bypassed completely: <br>
<br>
1) This is a sign for Israel that even the man they consider their ally is =
working for the deal and not helping Israel.<br>
<br>
2) Israeli officials are terrified by this prospect, the most explicit sign=
 yet Israel and its concerns are being ignored. Former advisor to several P=
rime Ministers Shalom Lipner said,=C2=A0 &quot;It speaks volumes that Israe=
l, which looks to Rubio as the administration principal most sympathetic to=
 its interests, is not on this itinerary. Trump keeping him away at this ti=
me?&quot;<br>
<br>
3) Sources in the Netanyahu government have expressed exasperation that Rub=
io is traveling to pitch a $300 billion reconstruction fund and a framework=
 that leaves Iran&#39;s ballistic missilles intact and actively reassuring =
Gulf states that accommodation won&#39;t hurt their survival, while complet=
ely ignoring Israeli concerns about the deal. <br>
<br>
4) Instead of a face-to-face bilateral meeting with a visiting Secretary of=
 State, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu was forced to accept a re=
mote phone briefing from Rubio. A procedural demotion and a genuine snub. <=
br>
<br>
5) This comes as Israel has been forced by the US to stop advancing in Leba=
non. The New York Times and Ynet published accounts of how the IDF has been=
 given orders just to defend under extreme American pressure. <br>
<br>
A source I talked to in the Israeli Foreign Ministry told me, &quot;this ma=
y be the worst case of abandonment Israel has experienced by the US in its =
history.&quot; There is a sense that everything is aligning against Israel =
right now.<br>
</div></div>

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Subject: [Salon] Benjamin Netanyahu, and not Donald J Trump,
 who calls the shots in our relationship
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https://x.com/DanielLDavis1/status/2069248402320216321
This is a direct challenge to the President of the United States of America=
.

President Trump said in an Axios interview last week that he could control
Netanyahu and would tell him to stand down on Lebanon, and because the
Israelis, President Trump said, =E2=80=9Chave a lot of respect for me,=E2=
=80=9D their Prime
Minister will =E2=80=9Cdo as I say.=E2=80=9D

This social media post is a direct repudiation, in your face, to the
American president, as Israel will quite clearly NOT do what President
Trump said.

We=E2=80=99re going to have to come to grips with the stark reality that it=
 is
Benjamin Netanyahu, and not Donald J Trump, who calls the shots in our
relationship.

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir=
=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr"><a href=3D"https://x.com/DanielLDavis1/status=
/2069248402320216321" rel=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank" style=3D"backgro=
und-color:transparent">https://x.com/DanielLDavis1/status/20692484023202163=
21</a></div>
This is a direct challenge to the President of the United States of America=
.<br>
<br>
President Trump said in an Axios interview last week that he could control =
Netanyahu and would tell him to stand down on Lebanon, and because the Isra=
elis, President Trump said, =E2=80=9Chave a lot of respect for me,=E2=80=9D=
 their Prime Minister will =E2=80=9Cdo as I say.=E2=80=9D<br>
<br>
This social media post is a direct repudiation, in your face, to the Americ=
an president, as Israel will quite clearly NOT do what President Trump said=
.<br>
<br>
We=E2=80=99re going to have to come to grips with the stark reality that it=
 is Benjamin Netanyahu, and not Donald J Trump, who calls the shots in our =
relationship.<br>
</div></div>

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Subject: [Salon] =?utf-8?q?Immigration_Scams_Surged_as_Trump=E2=80=99s_Sw?=
 =?utf-8?q?eeps_Lured_Desperate_People_to_Eager_Defrauders?=
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https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-immigration-scams-complaints-doubl=
ed-ice
Immigration Scams Surged as Trump=E2=80=99s Sweeps Lured Desperate People t=
o Eager
Defrauders

Con artists posing as ICE agents and immigration officers are using
WhatsApp and fake court hearings to bilk vulnerable people out of their
savings with empty promises to fix immigration problems. As mass
deportations continue, scam complaints soar.

April 29, 2026, 5:00 am

[image: A woman with long dark hair and a tan shirt poses for a selfie on
an escalator.]

Jasmir Urbina was scammed and then deported. Across the U.S., immigration
scams have spiked amid President Donald Trump=E2=80=99s mass deportation ef=
fort.

Photo courtesy of Jasmir Urbina

As an asylum-seeker living in the U.S., Jasmir Urbina worried as she
watched violence break out amid the military-style immigration sweeps
across the country. Then she read about legal residents being arrested at
immigration court and wondered when federal agents would set their sights
on her city.

Urbina had fled Nicaragua in 2022 and legally resided with her husband, a
fellow asylum-seeker, in New Orleans while reporting to immigration agents
for check-ins as she awaited her day in court. Finally, the date was
approaching, in late November 2025. Days later, the Trump administration
would flood the region
<https://apnews.com/article/new-orleans-border-patrol-swamp-sweep-1d30a524e=
80fa25912a38c3aea79832b>
 with federal officers in =E2=80=9COperation Swamp Sweep.=E2=80=9D

Urbina, 35, began searching for a Spanish speaker who could help her, and
said she stumbled on a Facebook post advertising the services of Catholic
Charities, a prominent aid organization whose services include assisting
immigrants. After a few clicks, she connected via WhatsApp with =E2=80=9CSu=
san
Millan,=E2=80=9D who claimed to have a law degree. The woman=E2=80=99s phot=
o looked
professional, showing a small library in the blurry background, according
to a screenshot Urbina shared with ProPublica. The asylum-seeker said she
discussed her predicament with the woman she thought was an attorney.

Millan told Urbina the ordeal could be settled over a virtual hearing with
U.S. immigration authorities. Millan sprinkled in details about her own
life =E2=80=94 a sick husband, two kids, a supportive church =E2=80=94 so U=
rbina felt
comfortable. In an interview, Urbina said she completed paperwork to be
sent to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, for a fee. Millan=E2=80=
=99s
organization asked her for documentation, including five character
references; for another fee, it would submit these up the line. Through the
payment app Zelle, Urbina and her husband paid nearly $10,000, according to
her financial records, money they had set aside to buy their first home.

On Nov. 21, Urbina made the case that a =E2=80=9Ccredible fear=E2=80=9D was=
 keeping her
from going home. In the virtual hearing, which lasted five minutes, she
said she spoke to a man dressed in a green uniform, stitched with what
looked like government insignia, seated in front of an American flag. A day
later, via WhatsApp, Millan told her she =E2=80=9Cwon residency.=E2=80=9D H=
er documents
would be in the mail.

In an instant, Urbina=E2=80=99s fears had been assuaged. She asked if she s=
hould
still attend her court date, Nov. 24. =E2=80=9CNo, don=E2=80=99t worry,=E2=
=80=9D she remembers the
woman replying. =E2=80=9CThere=E2=80=99s no need.=E2=80=9D

But when Urbina asked to speak with someone in a message to Millan=E2=80=99=
s phone
number the next day, according to screenshots she shared with ProPublica,
the WhatsApp chat fell silent. After two days, she suspected she=E2=80=99d =
been
duped and wrote in anger: =E2=80=9CGod is with us and He fights for His chi=
ldren;
today you messed with the wrong person and you will get your payment from
the Most High, you cowards.=E2=80=9D

There was no attorney named Susan Millan associated with Catholic
Charities, and the deceit was just one example of hundreds that the group
has become aware of when desperate immigrants eventually reach the real
organization.

=E2=80=9CThere=E2=80=99s a reason why we have a good reputation,=E2=80=9D s=
aid Chris Ross, vice
president of migration and refugee resettlement services at Catholic
Charities. =E2=80=9CAnd so for someone to be trading on that goodwill with
nefarious intent is very frustrating.=E2=80=9D

Urbina had fallen prey to =E2=80=9Cnotario fraud,=E2=80=9D in which scammer=
s provide legal
advice, often by saying they=E2=80=99re public notaries or other legal
professionals. In many Latin American countries, a public notary is the
equivalent of a lawyer, and notario fraudsters rely on this mistranslation
<https://www.americanbar.org/groups/public_interest/immigration/projects_in=
itiatives/fightnotariofraud/about_notario_fraud/>
 to fake credentials.

Urbina shared documents that detail how she was lured into the scam, and
ProPublica corroborated her story with her husband and Catholic Charities.
After Urbina told local and federal authorities she had been tricked out of
her day in court, Immigration and Customs Enforcement switched her
scheduled December virtual check-in to an in-person meeting. When she
showed up, agents arrested her. In January, she said, officers shackled her
hands and feet and loaded her on a plane to Nicaragua.

She=E2=80=99d been scammed, then deported.

A spokesperson with the Department of Homeland Security, which oversees
ICE, did not respond to questions about Urbina=E2=80=99s case but said, =E2=
=80=9CAnyone
caught impersonating a federal immigration agent will be prosecuted to the
fullest extent of the law.=E2=80=9D New Orleans police did not answer ProPu=
blica=E2=80=99s
questions about a complaint she filed.

Scams like those that destroyed Urbina=E2=80=99s dreams are on the rise, fe=
deral
data analyzed by ProPublica shows, as profiteers seize on the fear and
confusion wrought by President Donald Trump=E2=80=99s immigration crackdown=
.

Complaints of immigration scams have doubled since Trump was elected,
ProPublica found in analyzing more than 6,200 complaints filed with the
Federal Trade Commission by victims and advocates over the last five years.

>From the start of 2021 through the election in fall of 2024, the FTC =E2=80=
=94 the
nation=E2=80=99s top consumer protection agency =E2=80=94 fielded about 960=
 immigration
complaints per year, such as reports of fake attorneys offering services or
people impersonating federal officers
<https://www.telemundo.com/noticias/noticias-telemundo/inmigracion/ice-impe=
rsonators-rcna259034>.
In 2025, the commission received nearly 2,000 complaints.

In all, at least $94.4 million was reported stolen in complaints to the FTC
over five years. That number is certainly an undercount, as not all
immigrants report wrongdoing for fear of deportation, and not every report
included dollar amounts.

The spike in complaints is so severe that many states and legal
organizations have alerted the public about them. California=E2=80=99s
<https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-issues-consu=
mer-alert-notario-fraud-obtaining-immigration#:~:text=3DThe%20alert%20says%=
20that:%20*%20Immigration%20scams%2C,with%20your%20case%20is%20licensed%20o=
r%20accredited>
 and North Carolina=E2=80=99s
<https://ncdoj.gov/attorney-general-jeff-jackson-warns-north-carolinians-of=
-immigration-scams/>attorneys
general released statements in late 2025, as did the American Bar
Association and AARP. In June 2025, the New York City Council passed
legislation
<https://council.nyc.gov/shahana-hanif/2025/06/30/new-york-city-council-pas=
ses-the-nations-most-comprehensive-legislation-targeting-immigration-legal-=
services-fraud-notario-fraud/>
 increasing notario fraud penalties, and a similar law passed
<https://www.floridabar.org/the-florida-bar-news/governor-signs-bill-to-pre=
vent-legal-services-fraud/>
 in Florida.

=E2=80=9CImmigration scammers contribute to a lawless environment, undermin=
ing our
immigration system,=E2=80=9D said Zach Kahler, a spokesperson for Citizensh=
ip and
Immigration Services, the agency Urbina falsely thought had awarded her
residency. Online, the agency provides guides on how to spot immigration
fraud and warns consumers that it does not use WhatsApp. The agency tells
people who think they=E2=80=99ve been scammed to complain to the FTC.
Old Problem, New Sophistication

Scams targeting those mired in the U.S. immigration system are not new, but
advocates say predators have become more sophisticated, using technologies
like artificial intelligence and targeted ads. At the same time, immigrants
have become increasingly anxious about speedy mass deportations, creating a
bonanza for those looking to cash in.

=E2=80=9CI believe AI is being utilized in these scams pretty effectively. =
People
think they=E2=80=99re talking to a real person, or the logos and stuff look=
 pretty
professional to the untrained eye,=E2=80=9D said Ross, of Catholic Charitie=
s.

Many victims say they were duped by scammers who had professional-looking
photos, wore immigration uniforms and staged realistic virtual hearings.

A review of the image of the person named Millan who was supposedly helping
Urbina suggests that it was AI-generated.

Ross added: =E2=80=9CThe biggest thing is the desperation =E2=80=94 that=E2=
=80=99s really what=E2=80=99s
driving this.=E2=80=9D

In San Diego, attorneys working for the city have been impersonated by
scammers. City Attorney Heather Ferbert told ProPublica her office has
forwarded these cases to the FBI and warned residents to be on the lookout
for advertisements that promise a government official or lawyer can help
with immigration proceedings. The FBI declined to comment.

=E2=80=9CWhen you add the title and you add the government weight behind it=
 =E2=80=94 the
city attorney=E2=80=99s office, the district attorney=E2=80=99s office, for=
 example =E2=80=94 the
targets are sort of lulled,=E2=80=9D Ferbert said. =E2=80=9CWe=E2=80=99ve h=
eard stories where they
promise that they can solve their immigration problems for them. No real
lawyer is ever going to promise an outcome to you.=E2=80=9D

Other scams extend beyond impersonating lawyers. The FTC complaints include
a case in which people posing as Department of Homeland Security
immigration officers received more than $600,000 from a family by claiming
one of the relatives=E2=80=99 identities had been stolen and they needed to=
 pay to
protect it. In West Virginia, a =E2=80=9Cfederal agent=E2=80=9D threatened =
to deport a
college student who was close to graduating unless they paid nearly $4,000
in gift cards.

=E2=80=9CThey claimed that if I did not comply immediately, I would be arre=
sted,
detained or deported,=E2=80=9D wrote the student, who was legally residing =
in the
U.S. on a student visa. The student, whose name was not disclosed in
federal data, used prepaid Dollar General gift cards and then went broke
and turned to family for help.

Immigrants from India and Bangladesh were told they had failed to update a
necessary form and would be arrested and deported immediately unless they
shared their Social Security numbers. Other scammers claimed the government
had intercepted packages full of money and drugs addressed to immigrants,
who were told to make a payment or face arrest.
=E2=80=9CWell-Oiled Machine=E2=80=9D

Most victims find the fake attorneys advertising on Facebook or TikTok.
Facebook=E2=80=99s parent company, Meta, has pledged to delete scam account=
s and
announced new tools to track them
<https://about.fb.com/news/2026/03/fighting-scammers-protecting-people-with=
-new-technology-and-partnerships/>
.

Charity Anastasio, practice and ethics counsel for the American Immigration
Lawyers Association, said the ads are often pay-per-click and targeted at
Spanish-speaking users.

=E2=80=9CThey=E2=80=99ve designed such a well-oiled machine,=E2=80=9D Anast=
asio said.

The ads appealed to those in deportation proceedings, clinging to any means
to stay in the U.S., but also those who may have wanted to get their
paperwork in order ahead of Trump=E2=80=99s crackdown, said Adonia Simpson,=
 an
attorney with the American Bar Association.

=E2=80=9CA lot of people are trying to preemptively get representation to s=
ee what
their options are,=E2=80=9D Simpson told ProPublica. =E2=80=9CThe enforceme=
nt has been a
big driver. It=E2=80=99s caused a lot of people to be very fearful.=E2=80=
=9D

The White House declined to comment.

In October 2024, 56-year-old Jos=C3=A9 Aguilar, who had been granted tempor=
ary
protected status under George W. Bush=E2=80=99s administration, was in just=
 that
position when he came upon a Facebook ad. The advertiser claimed to work
for Jorge Rivera, a well-known Miami immigration attorney, and promised
Aguilar they could get him permanent residency. It would take $15,000.
ProPublica sought comment from the real Rivera, who is not accused of
wrongdoing; he did not respond.

A leather factory worker in Minnesota who had fled El Salvador, Aguilar
cobbled together the money in installments through loans from friends and
that year=E2=80=99s tax refund. Over several months, he had four video call=
s with
the fake attorney and two calls with immigration agent impersonators. He
was initially skeptical but became convinced when they sent him videos of
residency cards with the Citizenship and Immigration Services logo.

=E2=80=9CDon=E2=80=99t try to deceive me, because I=E2=80=99m borrowing mon=
ey, I=E2=80=99m a man of faith,
and I=E2=80=99m a person who has had a heart transplant, so I can=E2=80=99t=
 get angry
because it hurts me,=E2=80=9D Aguilar remembered saying.

=E2=80=9CNo, don=E2=80=99t worry, sir,=E2=80=9D Aguilar said the scammer re=
sponded. =E2=80=9CThis is real.
It=E2=80=99s super real.=E2=80=9D

During one of their last conversations, Aguilar says the scammer appealed
to their shared Christian faith, thanking God for approving the paperwork
and earning him residency.

By February 2025, the scammers had stopped responding. A month later,
Aguilar realized he was probably never going to get the residency cards and
contacted an attorney who confirmed he had been duped. Aguilar, who has two
young daughters, says his family is subsisting on food banks and relies on
donations for rent.

=E2=80=9CIt=E2=80=99s unforgivable,=E2=80=9D Aguilar said. =E2=80=9CEven br=
inging God into it.=E2=80=9D
Mother and Daughter Torn Apart

For Mariela, an undocumented Honduran mother of three, financial stress
began long ago. In 2021, the father of her children headed for the U.S.
along with one of their daughters, seeking construction work. Two years
later, when she traveled 2,000 miles in blistering heat to join them, she
broke her arm in three places after falling into the Rio Grande while
crossing the border. ProPublica is withholding her last name because she
fears being deported.

And then, in October 2025, immigration agents detained her 20-year-old
daughter. Desperate, the mother reached out to what she thought was a
Catholic Charities Facebook page.

She was pulled into a scheme involving a man who posed as a priest, another
posing as an immigration judge, and another posing as Oscar Carrillo, an
attorney licensed in Texas who practices tax law
<https://www.texasbar.com/AM/Template.cfm?Section=3DFind_A_Lawyer&template=
=3D/Customsource/MemberDirectory/MemberDirectoryDetail.cfm&ContactID=3D3540=
37>
.

The real Carrillo told ProPublica he began getting calls from frustrated
immigrants last spring, all of them Spanish speakers who claimed they had
been referred by Catholic Charities. When he realized his name and photo
were being misused, he alerted the FBI and FTC. The State Bar of Texas has
posted a public warning on its webpage about Carrillo impersonators.

=E2=80=9CMost of these clients, because of their immigration status, are af=
raid to
report this to the police,=E2=80=9D Carrillo said. =E2=80=9CI feel sorry fo=
r these clients.
We=E2=80=99re not talking about wealthy individuals.=E2=80=9D

In January, after her daughter was deported, Mariela realized the
fraudsters had cheated her out of more than $18,000 over three months.

She said she had borrowed $3,000 from an uncle in Honduras, another $1,500
from a cousin, a few thousand from her boss, and another $2,000 from a
friend from her Honduran hometown who had also emigrated to the U.S. In
addition, she burned through her savings and her daughter=E2=80=99s.
Public Alerts, Little Recourse

Since the beginning of Trump=E2=80=99s second term, local law enforcement, =
advocacy
groups, state attorneys general and law firms have published notices
warning immigrants about an uptick in scams.

=E2=80=9COur best advice is to make direct contact, outside of social media
channels, with the organization you=E2=80=99re seeking help from,=E2=80=9D =
said Kevin
Brennan, vice president for media relations at Catholic Charities. =E2=80=
=9CCall
the organization on the phone or visit an office in person.=E2=80=9D

Scammers show no signs of retreat.

In April, three months after her deportation to Nicaragua, Urbina received
a call from someone claiming to be a lawyer. He said that he=E2=80=99d been
referred to her by a bishop with Catholic Charities and that he=E2=80=99d h=
elp her
obtain immigration papers.

The stress of being scammed and separated from her husband, who remains in
the U.S., had taken a toll. =E2=80=9CI=E2=80=99ve been through a lot of thi=
ngs, one right
after the other,=E2=80=9D Urbina said. She=E2=80=99s living with her mother=
 in a remote
village, afraid to step outside in a country where the government has rampe=
d
up surveillance
<https://confidencial.digital/en/nation/rosario-murillo-orders-extreme-surv=
eillance-of-nicaraguans-deported-from-the-united-states/>
 of those who previously moved to the U.S.

Desperate, she gave the =E2=80=9Clawyer=E2=80=9D her personal information.

After earlier saying his help would be free, he then asked for money, she
said.

=E2=80=9CWhere did you get my number?=E2=80=9D she asked.

Intrigued but skeptical, Urbina followed up with WhatsApp messages, hoping
he might really be an immigration attorney.

She never heard from him again.

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir=
=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr"><a href=3D"https://www.propublica.org/article=
/trump-immigration-scams-complaints-doubled-ice" target=3D"_blank" style=3D=
"font-family:Optima;font-size:11pt;background-color:transparent">https://ww=
w.propublica.org/article/trump-immigration-scams-complaints-doubled-ice</a>=
</div><div class=3D"msg-382081740501564399"><div lang=3D"EN-GB" link=3D"#05=
63C1" vlink=3D"#954F72" style=3D"word-wrap:break-word"><div class=3D"m_-382=
081740501564399WordSection1"><h1 style=3D"margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.=
0pt;margin-left:0cm"><span style=3D"font-size:23.5pt;font-family:&quot;-app=
le-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">Immigration Scams Surged as Trump=
=E2=80=99s Sweeps Lured Desperate People to Eager Defrauders</span></h1><p =
style=3D"margin:0cm"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&qu=
ot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b"><u></u><u></u></span></p><h2 style=3D"margin-top:0=
cm;text-align:start;color:rgba(27,27,27,0.65);max-width:100%;font-variant-c=
aps:normal;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spaci=
ng:0px"><span style=3D"font-size:17.5pt;font-family:&quot;-apple-system-fon=
t&quot;,serif;font-weight:normal">Con artists posing as ICE agents and immi=
gration officers are using WhatsApp and fake court hearings to bilk vulnera=
ble people out of their savings with empty promises to fix immigration prob=
lems. As mass deportations continue, scam complaints soar.<u></u><u></u></s=
pan></h2><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-sys=
tem-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">April 29, 2026, 5:00 am<u></u><u></u></=
span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:3.0=
pt;margin-left:0cm"><img border=3D"0" width=3D"182" height=3D"273" style=3D=
"width:1.8958in;height:2.8437in" id=3D"m_-382081740501564399Picture_x0020_2=
" src=3D"cid:image001.jpg@01DD0370.671E91A0" alt=3D"A woman with long dark =
hair and a tan shirt poses for a selfie on an escalator."><span style=3D"fo=
nt-family:&quot;Aptos&quot;,sans-serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=
=3D"margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:4.8pt;margin-left:0cm">Jasmir Urbina was=
 scammed and then deported. Across the U.S., immigration scams have spiked =
amid President Donald Trump=E2=80=99s mass deportation effort.<u></u><u></u=
></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal">Photo courtesy of Jasmir Urbina<u></u><u></u></=
p><p><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:=
#1b1b1b">As an asylum-seeker living in the U.S., Jasmir Urbina worried as s=
he watched violence break out amid the military-style immigration sweeps ac=
ross the country. Then she read about legal residents being arrested at imm=
igration court and wondered when federal agents would set their sights on h=
er city.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-ca=
ps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:=
solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font=
&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">Urbina had fled Nicaragua in 2022 and legally r=
esided with her husband, a fellow asylum-seeker, in New Orleans while repor=
ting to immigration agents for check-ins as she awaited her day in court. F=
inally, the date was approaching, in late November 2025. Days later, the Tr=
ump administration would<span class=3D"m_-382081740501564399apple-converted=
-space">=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://apnews.com/article/new-orleans-bord=
er-patrol-swamp-sweep-1d30a524e80fa25912a38c3aea79832b" target=3D"_blank"><=
span style=3D"color:#416ed2">flood the region</span></a><span class=3D"m_-3=
82081740501564399apple-converted-space">=C2=A0</span>with federal officers =
in =E2=80=9COperation Swamp Sweep.=E2=80=9D<u></u><u></u></span></p><p styl=
e=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decorati=
on-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"f=
ont-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">Urbina, 35, =
began searching for a Spanish speaker who could help her, and said she stum=
bled on a Facebook post advertising the services of Catholic Charities, a p=
rominent aid organization whose services include assisting immigrants. Afte=
r a few clicks, she connected via WhatsApp with =E2=80=9CSusan Millan,=E2=
=80=9D who claimed to have a law degree. The woman=E2=80=99s photo looked p=
rofessional, showing a small library in the blurry background, according to=
 a screenshot Urbina shared with ProPublica. The asylum-seeker said she dis=
cussed her predicament with the woman she thought was an attorney.<u></u><u=
></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-al=
ign:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacin=
g:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;colo=
r:#1b1b1b">Millan told Urbina the ordeal could be settled over a virtual he=
aring with U.S. immigration authorities. Millan sprinkled in details about =
her own life =E2=80=94 a sick husband, two kids, a supportive church =E2=80=
=94 so Urbina felt comfortable. In an interview, Urbina said she completed =
paperwork to be sent to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, for a fe=
e. Millan=E2=80=99s organization asked her for documentation, including fiv=
e character references; for another fee, it would submit these up the line.=
 Through the payment app Zelle, Urbina and her husband paid nearly $10,000,=
 according to her financial records, money they had set aside to buy their =
first home.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant=
-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-sty=
le:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-f=
ont&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">On Nov. 21, Urbina made the case that a =E2=
=80=9Ccredible fear=E2=80=9D was keeping her from going home. In the virtua=
l hearing, which lasted five minutes, she said she spoke to a man dressed i=
n a green uniform, stitched with what looked like government insignia, seat=
ed in front of an American flag. A day later, via WhatsApp, Millan told her=
 she =E2=80=9Cwon residency.=E2=80=9D Her documents would be in the mail.<u=
></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;=
text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word=
-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,ser=
if;color:#1b1b1b">In an instant, Urbina=E2=80=99s fears had been assuaged. =
She asked if she should still attend her court date, Nov. 24. =E2=80=9CNo, =
don=E2=80=99t worry,=E2=80=9D she remembers the woman replying. =E2=80=9CTh=
ere=E2=80=99s no need.=E2=80=9D<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-wid=
th:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none=
;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&=
quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">But when Urbina asked to=
 speak with someone in a message to Millan=E2=80=99s phone number the next =
day, according to screenshots she shared with ProPublica, the WhatsApp chat=
 fell silent. After two days, she suspected she=E2=80=99d been duped and wr=
ote in anger: =E2=80=9CGod is with us and He fights for His children; today=
 you messed with the wrong person and you will get your payment from the Mo=
st High, you cowards.=E2=80=9D<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-widt=
h:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;=
text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&q=
uot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">There was no attorney nam=
ed Susan Millan associated with Catholic Charities, and the deceit was just=
 one example of hundreds that the group has become aware of when desperate =
immigrants eventually reach the real organization.<u></u><u></u></span></p>=
<p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-d=
ecoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span sty=
le=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">=E2=
=80=9CThere=E2=80=99s a reason why we have a good reputation,=E2=80=9D said=
 Chris Ross, vice president of migration and refugee resettlement services =
at Catholic Charities. =E2=80=9CAnd so for someone to be trading on that go=
odwill with nefarious intent is very frustrating.=E2=80=9D<u></u><u></u></s=
pan></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:star=
t;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><=
span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1=
b">Urbina had fallen prey to =E2=80=9Cnotario fraud,=E2=80=9D in which scam=
mers provide legal advice, often by saying they=E2=80=99re public notaries =
or other legal professionals. In many Latin American countries, a public no=
tary is the equivalent of a lawyer, and notario fraudsters<span class=3D"m_=
-382081740501564399apple-converted-space">=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://w=
ww.americanbar.org/groups/public_interest/immigration/projects_initiatives/=
fightnotariofraud/about_notario_fraud/" target=3D"_blank"><span style=3D"co=
lor:#416ed2">rely on this mistranslation</span></a><span class=3D"m_-382081=
740501564399apple-converted-space">=C2=A0</span>to fake credentials.<u></u>=
<u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-=
align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spac=
ing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;co=
lor:#1b1b1b">Urbina shared documents that detail how she was lured into the=
 scam, and ProPublica corroborated her story with her husband and Catholic =
Charities. After Urbina told local and federal authorities she had been tri=
cked out of her day in court, Immigration and Customs Enforcement switched =
her scheduled December virtual check-in to an in-person meeting. When she s=
howed up, agents arrested her. In January, she said, officers shackled her =
hands and feet and loaded her on a plane to Nicaragua.<u></u><u></u></span>=
</p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;te=
xt-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span=
 style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">S=
he=E2=80=99d been scammed, then deported.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=
=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoratio=
n-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"fo=
nt-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">A spokesperso=
n with the Department of Homeland Security, which oversees ICE, did not res=
pond to questions about Urbina=E2=80=99s case but said, =E2=80=9CAnyone cau=
ght impersonating a federal immigration agent will be prosecuted to the ful=
lest extent of the law.=E2=80=9D New Orleans police did not answer ProPubli=
ca=E2=80=99s questions about a complaint she filed.<u></u><u></u></span></p=
><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-=
decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span st=
yle=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">Scam=
s like those that destroyed Urbina=E2=80=99s dreams are on the rise, federa=
l data analyzed by ProPublica shows, as profiteers seize on the fear and co=
nfusion wrought by President Donald Trump=E2=80=99s immigration crackdown.<=
u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal=
;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;wor=
d-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,se=
rif;color:#1b1b1b">Complaints of immigration scams have doubled since Trump=
 was elected, ProPublica found in analyzing more than 6,200 complaints file=
d with the Federal Trade Commission by victims and advocates over the last =
five years.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant=
-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-sty=
le:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-f=
ont&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">From the start of 2021 through the election =
in fall of 2024, the FTC =E2=80=94 the nation=E2=80=99s top consumer protec=
tion agency =E2=80=94 fielded about 960 immigration complaints per year, su=
ch as reports of fake attorneys offering services or people<span class=3D"m=
_-382081740501564399apple-converted-space">=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://=
www.telemundo.com/noticias/noticias-telemundo/inmigracion/ice-impersonators=
-rcna259034" target=3D"_blank"><span style=3D"color:#416ed2">impersonating =
federal officers</span></a>. In 2025, the commission received nearly 2,000 =
complaints.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant=
-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-sty=
le:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-f=
ont&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">In all, at least $94.4 million was reported =
stolen in complaints to the FTC over five years. That number is certainly a=
n undercount, as not all immigrants report wrongdoing for fear of deportati=
on, and not every report included dollar amounts.<u></u><u></u></span></p><=
p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-de=
coration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span styl=
e=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">The sp=
ike in complaints is so severe that many states and legal organizations hav=
e alerted the public about them.<span class=3D"m_-382081740501564399apple-c=
onverted-space">=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-relea=
ses/attorney-general-bonta-issues-consumer-alert-notario-fraud-obtaining-im=
migration#:~:text=3DThe%20alert%20says%20that:%20*%20Immigration%20scams%2C=
,with%20your%20case%20is%20licensed%20or%20accredited" target=3D"_blank"><s=
pan style=3D"color:#416ed2">California=E2=80=99s</span></a><span class=3D"m=
_-382081740501564399apple-converted-space">=C2=A0</span>and<span class=3D"m=
_-382081740501564399apple-converted-space">=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://=
ncdoj.gov/attorney-general-jeff-jackson-warns-north-carolinians-of-immigrat=
ion-scams/" target=3D"_blank"><span style=3D"color:#416ed2">North Carolina=
=E2=80=99s</span></a>attorneys general released statements in late 2025, as=
 did the American Bar Association and AARP. In June 2025, the New York City=
 Council<span class=3D"m_-382081740501564399apple-converted-space">=C2=A0</=
span><a href=3D"https://council.nyc.gov/shahana-hanif/2025/06/30/new-york-c=
ity-council-passes-the-nations-most-comprehensive-legislation-targeting-imm=
igration-legal-services-fraud-notario-fraud/" target=3D"_blank"><span style=
=3D"color:#416ed2">passed legislation</span></a><span class=3D"m_-382081740=
501564399apple-converted-space">=C2=A0</span>increasing notario fraud penal=
ties, and a similar law<span class=3D"m_-382081740501564399apple-converted-=
space">=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://www.floridabar.org/the-florida-bar-n=
ews/governor-signs-bill-to-prevent-legal-services-fraud/" target=3D"_blank"=
><span style=3D"color:#416ed2">passed</span></a><span class=3D"m_-382081740=
501564399apple-converted-space">=C2=A0</span>in Florida.<u></u><u></u></spa=
n></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;=
text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><sp=
an style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b"=
>=E2=80=9CImmigration scammers contribute to a lawless environment, undermi=
ning our immigration system,=E2=80=9D said Zach Kahler, a spokesperson for =
Citizenship and Immigration Services, the agency Urbina falsely thought had=
 awarded her residency. Online, the agency provides guides on how to spot i=
mmigration fraud and warns consumers that it does not use WhatsApp. The age=
ncy tells people who think they=E2=80=99ve been scammed to complain to the =
FTC.<u></u><u></u></span></p><h3 style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:=
normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:sol=
id;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-size:15.0pt;font-family:&quot;-app=
le-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">Old Problem, New Sophistication<u=
></u><u></u></span></h3><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal=
;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;wor=
d-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,se=
rif;color:#1b1b1b">Scams targeting those mired in the U.S. immigration syst=
em are not new, but advocates say predators have become more sophisticated,=
 using technologies like artificial intelligence and targeted ads. At the s=
ame time, immigrants have become increasingly anxious about speedy mass dep=
ortations, creating a bonanza for those looking to cash in.<u></u><u></u></=
span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:sta=
rt;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px">=
<span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b=
1b">=E2=80=9CI believe AI is being utilized in these scams pretty effective=
ly. People think they=E2=80=99re talking to a real person, or the logos and=
 stuff look pretty professional to the untrained eye,=E2=80=9D said Ross, o=
f Catholic Charities.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;fo=
nt-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-deco=
ration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-appl=
e-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">Many victims say they were duped b=
y scammers who had professional-looking photos, wore immigration uniforms a=
nd staged realistic virtual hearings.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"m=
ax-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-lin=
e:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-fa=
mily:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">A review of the im=
age of the person named Millan who was supposedly helping Urbina suggests t=
hat it was AI-generated.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%=
;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-d=
ecoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-a=
pple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">Ross added: =E2=80=9CThe bigges=
t thing is the desperation =E2=80=94 that=E2=80=99s really what=E2=80=99s d=
riving this.=E2=80=9D<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;fo=
nt-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-deco=
ration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-appl=
e-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">In San Diego, attorneys working fo=
r the city have been impersonated by scammers. City Attorney Heather Ferber=
t told ProPublica her office has forwarded these cases to the FBI and warne=
d residents to be on the lookout for advertisements that promise a governme=
nt official or lawyer can help with immigration proceedings. The FBI declin=
ed to comment.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-vari=
ant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-=
style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-syste=
m-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">=E2=80=9CWhen you add the title and you a=
dd the government weight behind it =E2=80=94 the city attorney=E2=80=99s of=
fice, the district attorney=E2=80=99s office, for example =E2=80=94 the tar=
gets are sort of lulled,=E2=80=9D Ferbert said. =E2=80=9CWe=E2=80=99ve hear=
d stories where they promise that they can solve their immigration problems=
 for them. No real lawyer is ever going to promise an outcome to you.=E2=80=
=9D<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:no=
rmal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid=
;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot=
;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">Other scams extend beyond impersonating lawyers. The=
 FTC complaints include a case in which people posing as Department of Home=
land Security immigration officers received more than $600,000 from a famil=
y by claiming one of the relatives=E2=80=99 identities had been stolen and =
they needed to pay to protect it. In West Virginia, a =E2=80=9Cfederal agen=
t=E2=80=9D threatened to deport a college student who was close to graduati=
ng unless they paid nearly $4,000 in gift cards.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p=
 style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-dec=
oration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=
=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">=E2=80=
=9CThey claimed that if I did not comply immediately, I would be arrested, =
detained or deported,=E2=80=9D wrote the student, who was legally residing =
in the U.S. on a student visa. The student, whose name was not disclosed in=
 federal data, used prepaid Dollar General gift cards and then went broke a=
nd turned to family for help.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width=
:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;t=
ext-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&qu=
ot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">Immigrants from India and =
Bangladesh were told they had failed to update a necessary form and would b=
e arrested and deported immediately unless they shared their Social Securit=
y numbers. Other scammers claimed the government had intercepted packages f=
ull of money and drugs addressed to immigrants, who were told to make a pay=
ment or face arrest.<u></u><u></u></span></p><h3 style=3D"max-width:100%;fo=
nt-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-deco=
ration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-size:15.0pt;font-f=
amily:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">=E2=80=9CWell-Oil=
ed Machine=E2=80=9D<u></u><u></u></span></h3><p style=3D"max-width:100%;fon=
t-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-decor=
ation-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple=
-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">Most victims find the fake attorney=
s advertising on Facebook or TikTok. Facebook=E2=80=99s parent company, Met=
a, has pledged to delete scam accounts and announced<span class=3D"m_-38208=
1740501564399apple-converted-space">=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://about.f=
b.com/news/2026/03/fighting-scammers-protecting-people-with-new-technology-=
and-partnerships/" target=3D"_blank"><span style=3D"color:#416ed2">new tool=
s to track them</span></a>.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:1=
00%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;tex=
t-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot=
;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">Charity Anastasio, practice =
and ethics counsel for the American Immigration Lawyers Association, said t=
he ads are often pay-per-click and targeted at Spanish-speaking users.<u></=
u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;tex=
t-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-sp=
acing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;=
color:#1b1b1b">=E2=80=9CThey=E2=80=99ve designed such a well-oiled machine,=
=E2=80=9D Anastasio said.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100=
%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-=
decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-=
apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">The ads appealed to those in d=
eportation proceedings, clinging to any means to stay in the U.S., but also=
 those who may have wanted to get their paperwork in order ahead of Trump=
=E2=80=99s crackdown, said Adonia Simpson, an attorney with the American Ba=
r Association.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-vari=
ant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-=
style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-syste=
m-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">=E2=80=9CA lot of people are trying to pr=
eemptively get representation to see what their options are,=E2=80=9D Simps=
on told ProPublica. =E2=80=9CThe enforcement has been a big driver. It=E2=
=80=99s caused a lot of people to be very fearful.=E2=80=9D<u></u><u></u></=
span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:sta=
rt;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px">=
<span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b=
1b">The White House declined to comment.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=
=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoratio=
n-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"fo=
nt-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">In October 20=
24, 56-year-old Jos=C3=A9 Aguilar, who had been granted temporary protected=
 status under George W. Bush=E2=80=99s administration, was in just that pos=
ition when he came upon a Facebook ad. The advertiser claimed to work for J=
orge Rivera, a well-known Miami immigration attorney, and promised Aguilar =
they could get him permanent residency. It would take $15,000. ProPublica s=
ought comment from the real Rivera, who is not accused of wrongdoing; he di=
d not respond.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-vari=
ant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-=
style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-syste=
m-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">A leather factory worker in Minnesota who=
 had fled El Salvador, Aguilar cobbled together the money in installments t=
hrough loans from friends and that year=E2=80=99s tax refund. Over several =
months, he had four video calls with the fake attorney and two calls with i=
mmigration agent impersonators. He was initially skeptical but became convi=
nced when they sent him videos of residency cards with the Citizenship and =
Immigration Services logo.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:10=
0%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text=
-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;=
-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">=E2=80=9CDon=E2=80=99t try to=
 deceive me, because I=E2=80=99m borrowing money, I=E2=80=99m a man of fait=
h, and I=E2=80=99m a person who has had a heart transplant, so I can=E2=80=
=99t get angry because it hurts me,=E2=80=9D Aguilar remembered saying.<u><=
/u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;te=
xt-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-s=
pacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif=
;color:#1b1b1b">=E2=80=9CNo, don=E2=80=99t worry, sir,=E2=80=9D Aguilar sai=
d the scammer responded. =E2=80=9CThis is real. It=E2=80=99s super real.=E2=
=80=9D<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps=
:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:so=
lid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&q=
uot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">During one of their last conversations, Aguilar s=
ays the scammer appealed to their shared Christian faith, thanking God for =
approving the paperwork and earning him residency.<u></u><u></u></span></p>=
<p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-d=
ecoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span sty=
le=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">By Fe=
bruary 2025, the scammers had stopped responding. A month later, Aguilar re=
alized he was probably never going to get the residency cards and contacted=
 an attorney who confirmed he had been duped. Aguilar, who has two young da=
ughters, says his family is subsisting on food banks and relies on donation=
s for rent.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant=
-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-sty=
le:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-f=
ont&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">=E2=80=9CIt=E2=80=99s unforgivable,=E2=80=9D=
 Aguilar said. =E2=80=9CEven bringing God into it.=E2=80=9D=C2=A0<u></u><u>=
</u></span></p><h3 style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-al=
ign:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacin=
g:0px"><span style=3D"font-size:15.0pt;font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font=
&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">Mother and Daughter Torn Apart<u></u><u></u></s=
pan></h3><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:sta=
rt;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px">=
<span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b=
1b">For Mariela, an undocumented Honduran mother of three, financial stress=
 began long ago. In 2021, the father of her children headed for the U.S. al=
ong with one of their daughters, seeking construction work. Two years later=
, when she traveled 2,000 miles in blistering heat to join them, she broke =
her arm in three places after falling into the Rio Grande while crossing th=
e border. ProPublica is withholding her last name because she fears being d=
eported.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-ca=
ps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:=
solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font=
&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">And then, in October 2025, immigration agents d=
etained her 20-year-old daughter. Desperate, the mother reached out to what=
 she thought was a Catholic Charities Facebook page.<u></u><u></u></span></=
p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text=
-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span s=
tyle=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">She=
 was pulled into a scheme involving a man who posed as a priest, another po=
sing as an immigration judge, and another posing as Oscar Carrillo, an atto=
rney licensed in Texas who practices<span class=3D"m_-382081740501564399app=
le-converted-space">=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://www.texasbar.com/AM/Tem=
plate.cfm?Section=3DFind_A_Lawyer&amp;template=3D/Customsource/MemberDirect=
ory/MemberDirectoryDetail.cfm&amp;ContactID=3D354037" target=3D"_blank"><sp=
an style=3D"color:#416ed2">tax law</span></a>.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p s=
tyle=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decor=
ation-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=
=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">The rea=
l Carrillo told ProPublica he began getting calls from frustrated immigrant=
s last spring, all of them Spanish speakers who claimed they had been refer=
red by Catholic Charities. When he realized his name and photo were being m=
isused, he alerted the FBI and FTC. The State Bar of Texas has posted a pub=
lic warning on its webpage about Carrillo impersonators.<u></u><u></u></spa=
n></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;=
text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><sp=
an style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b"=
>=E2=80=9CMost of these clients, because of their immigration status, are a=
fraid to report this to the police,=E2=80=9D Carrillo said. =E2=80=9CI feel=
 sorry for these clients. We=E2=80=99re not talking about wealthy individua=
ls.=E2=80=9D<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-varian=
t-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-st=
yle:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-=
font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">In January, after her daughter was deported=
, Mariela realized the fraudsters had cheated her out of more than $18,000 =
over three months.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-=
variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-decorat=
ion-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-s=
ystem-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">She said she had borrowed $3,000 from=
 an uncle in Honduras, another $1,500 from a cousin, a few thousand from he=
r boss, and another $2,000 from a friend from her Honduran hometown who had=
 also emigrated to the U.S. In addition, she burned through her savings and=
 her daughter=E2=80=99s.<u></u><u></u></span></p><h3><span style=3D"font-si=
ze:15.0pt;font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">P=
ublic Alerts, Little Recourse<u></u><u></u></span></h3><p style=3D"max-widt=
h:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;=
text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&q=
uot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">Since the beginning of Tr=
ump=E2=80=99s second term, local law enforcement, advocacy groups, state at=
torneys general and law firms have published notices warning immigrants abo=
ut an uptick in scams.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;f=
ont-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-dec=
oration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-app=
le-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">=E2=80=9COur best advice is to ma=
ke direct contact, outside of social media channels, with the organization =
you=E2=80=99re seeking help from,=E2=80=9D said Kevin Brennan, vice preside=
nt for media relations at Catholic Charities. =E2=80=9CCall the organizatio=
n on the phone or visit an office in person.=E2=80=9D<u></u><u></u></span><=
/p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;tex=
t-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span =
style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">Sc=
ammers show no signs of retreat.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-wi=
dth:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:non=
e;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:=
&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">In April, three months =
after her deportation to Nicaragua, Urbina received a call from someone cla=
iming to be a lawyer. He said that he=E2=80=99d been referred to her by a b=
ishop with Catholic Charities and that he=E2=80=99d help her obtain immigra=
tion papers.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-varian=
t-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-st=
yle:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-=
font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">The stress of being scammed and separated f=
rom her husband, who remains in the U.S., had taken a toll. =E2=80=9CI=E2=
=80=99ve been through a lot of things, one right after the other,=E2=80=9D =
Urbina said. She=E2=80=99s living with her mother in a remote village, afra=
id to step outside in a country where the government has<span class=3D"m_-3=
82081740501564399apple-converted-space">=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://con=
fidencial.digital/en/nation/rosario-murillo-orders-extreme-surveillance-of-=
nicaraguans-deported-from-the-united-states/" target=3D"_blank"><span style=
=3D"color:#416ed2">ramped up surveillance</span></a><span class=3D"m_-38208=
1740501564399apple-converted-space">=C2=A0</span>of those who previously mo=
ved to the U.S.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-var=
iant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration=
-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-syst=
em-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">Desperate, she gave the =E2=80=9Clawyer=
=E2=80=9D her personal information.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style=3D"max=
-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-decoration-line:=
none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span style=3D"font-fami=
ly:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">After earlier saying=
 his help would be free, he then asked for money, she said.<u></u><u></u></=
span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:sta=
rt;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px">=
<span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b=
1b">=E2=80=9CWhere did you get my number?=E2=80=9D she asked.<u></u><u></u>=
</span></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:s=
tart;text-decoration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px=
"><span style=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b=
1b1b">Intrigued but skeptical, Urbina followed up with WhatsApp messages, h=
oping he might really be an immigration attorney.<u></u><u></u></span></p><=
p style=3D"max-width:100%;font-variant-caps:normal;text-align:start;text-de=
coration-line:none;text-decoration-style:solid;word-spacing:0px"><span styl=
e=3D"font-family:&quot;-apple-system-font&quot;,serif;color:#1b1b1b">She ne=
ver heard from him again.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class=3D"MsoNormal"><s=
pan style=3D"font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Optima"><u></u>=C2=A0<u></u></spa=
n></p></div></div>
</div></div></div>

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As Chinese Tech Pulls Ahead, U.S. Fears It Will Become Dependent

Chinese firms have some of the world=E2=80=99s most advanced technology. Bu=
t U.S.
officials say relying on it could come with a downside.

This site, owned by Contemporary Amperex Technology Company Ltd., or CATL,
is the world=E2=80=99s largest cluster of battery factories, and the most a=
dvanced.
Credit...Video by Gilles Sabri=C3=A9
[image: Ana Swanson] <https://www.nytimes.com/by/ana-swanson>

By Ana Swanson <https://www.nytimes.com/by/ana-swanson>

Ana Swanson, who covers international trade, reported from Washington and
Ningde, China.

   - June 23, 2026    The New York Times

At a factory in southeastern China, robot arms spin balletically, winding
long strips of metal into rolls and shaping them into bricks that are
destined to become batteries.

As workers in white coveralls watch, the nascent batteries are packaged
into aluminum cases and, as workers put it, =E2=80=9Cgiven life=E2=80=9D =
=E2=80=94 endowed with an
electrical charge that will eventually power cars and data centers across
the world.

The site, owned by Contemporary Amperex Technology Company Ltd., or CATL,
is the world=E2=80=99s largest cluster of battery factories, and the most a=
dvanced.
Inside its walls, the dynamic between the United States and China is
changing.

For decades, American companies maintained a huge technological lead over
their Chinese competitors. U.S. firms came to China to manufacture their
goods more cheaply. As a price of entry, the Chinese government forced
foreign companies into partnerships where Chinese firms could learn from
them and absorb their more advanced technology.

In at least a few sectors, that equation has flipped, with China racing
ahead of the United States. From batteries and solar panels to rare earths
and life sciences, China is developing some of the world=E2=80=99s most adv=
anced
technologies, and it is rapidly deploying plans to corner other markets.

CATL is indicative of that shift. It has unveiled a battery that, according
to the company, can power an electric vehicle for 250 miles with less than
10 minutes of charging =E2=80=94 about three times the charging speed of ba=
tteries
typically found in other electric vehicles. CATL=E2=80=99s battery technolo=
gy is
powering millions of cheap electric vehicles that China is exporting around
the world.

The company sees further potential in America=E2=80=99s enormous car market=
.

=E2=80=9COf course if there=E2=80=99s an opportunity in the U.S., we wish t=
o pursue it,=E2=80=9D
said Fred Zhang, a company spokesman.

These advances are raising major questions for U.S. officials, who see
danger in relying too much on Chinese technology. Lawmakers and some
administration officials argue that China has used predatory practices to b=
uild
a dominant position in batteries
<https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/05/16/business/china-ev-battery.h=
tml>
and
other fields. They say that has hollowed out the industrial base of other
countries, including the United States, and extended the Chinese
government=E2=80=99s power globally.
Editors=E2=80=99 Picks
Whales, Lighthouses and Magical Islands: Short Cruises Off the New England
Coast
<https://www.nytimes.com/2026/06/23/travel/short-new-england-cruises.html>
In Her New Podcast, Ina Garten Is Hoping to Get Messy
<https://www.nytimes.com/2026/06/21/business/ina-garten-podcast.html>
Week 3: Host a =E2=80=9990s-Style Hangout
<https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2026/06/18/well/summer-challenge-90s-n=
ostalgia.html>

Over the past year, Beijing weaponized its control
<https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/16/business/economy/china-rare-earths-supp=
ly-chain.html>
over
global supply chains, cutting off mineral exports and threatening to shut
down U.S. factories to force the Trump administration to back down on
tariffs. China has described its control of other industries, like
pharmaceuticals, as a potential future lever over foreign governments.
Image
[image: A white car in a gray garage-like area with a worker tending to it.=
]
A car-battery station at CATL headquarters.Credit...Gilles Sabri=C3=A9 for =
The
New York Times
Image
[image: High-tech equipment at a factory.]
CATL sees potential in America=E2=80=99s enormous car market.Credit...Gille=
s Sabri=C3=A9
for The New York Times

Representative John Moolenaar, a Michigan Republican who is chairman of the
House Select Committee on China, said China had subsidized CATL =E2=80=9Cto
undercut non-China competitors and build worldwide dependence.=E2=80=9D Ent=
rusting
a critical industry to the company would be =E2=80=9Ca grave error,=E2=80=
=9D he added.

But others say not working with Chinese firms like CATL will lead U.S.
companies to fall behind, eroding America=E2=80=99s position in important
industries. Walling off the world=E2=80=99s most dynamic economies could al=
so slow
progress toward scientific and technological advances, and impede efforts
to combat climate change.

=E2=80=9CFor decades now, we=E2=80=99ve been used to a world where the tech=
nology and
innovation comes out of the West,=E2=80=9D said Kyle Chan, a fellow at the
Brookings Institution, a Washington think tank. =E2=80=9CThe tables are tur=
ning.=E2=80=9D

The United States appears to be at an inflection point, where it must
choose if it wants to use China=E2=80=99s cheap and advanced battery techno=
logy =E2=80=94
or spend much more to develop an independent supply chain for an industry
that could come to underpin much of U.S. energy infrastructure.

American officials have been firmly opposed to Chinese car imports, seeing
them as a fast ticket to destroying the U.S. auto industry. But they are
more divided over the batteries that go into cars, power plants and data
centers because most major battery makers are foreign companies.

General Motors has invested with South Korean battery makers to build a
non-Chinese supply chain, but other U.S. automakers already consider CATL a
vital partner. CATL sells batteries to Tesla, and it has licensed its
technology to Ford Motor to use in plants in Michigan and Kentucky.
Image[image: Cars being assembled by machines at a factory.]
A Tesla factory near Berlin. CATL sells batteries to Tesla.Credit...Patrick
Pleul/Getty Images

Ford collaborated with the South Korean battery maker SK On in its Kentucky
factory, but dissolved the partnership in December. Republicans have
scrapped Biden administration incentives for electric vehicles, cooling the
E.V. market in the United States. This year, Ford said it would pivot the
Kentucky plant to make batteries for energy producers and data centers
<https://www.nytimes.com/2026/02/12/business/energy-environment/ford-batter=
y-storage-factory-kentucky.html>,
an area where Congress still provides subsidies.

CATL=E2=80=99s presence in the United States has been controversial. In 202=
3, the
Virginia governor at the time, Glenn Youngkin, blocked a Ford-CATL factory,
calling it a =E2=80=9CTrojan horse=E2=80=9D for the Chinese Communist Party=
.

In 2025, the U.S. government added CATL to a list of Chinese military
companies, saying it was =E2=80=9Cindirectly affiliated=E2=80=9D with top b=
odies of the
Chinese government. CATL said <https://www.catl.com/en/news/6351.html> that
the designation, which barred the company from U.S. defense contracts, was
=E2=80=9Ca mistake=E2=80=9D and that it had never engaged in any military b=
usiness.
Testing the Waters

Chinese investment already faces significant hurdles in the United States,
including federal security reviews and state restrictions
<https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/21/us/politics/china-restrictions-distrust=
.html>
on
Chinese purchases of real estate and farmland. In Michigan, the Chinese
company Gotion was blocked from building an E.V. battery factory after
protests
<https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/03/business/gotion-chinese-subsidiary-mich=
igan-protests.html>
.

The United States also has high tariffs on Chinese car and battery imports,
and a ban on the use of Chinese software starting with 2027 vehicles.

But American and Chinese companies are eyeing whether President Trump=E2=80=
=99s
seeming openness to doing business with China and his plans to meet China=
=E2=80=99s
leader, Xi Jinping, again this year might open the way for more
partnerships.

Mr. Trump has welcomed investment from Japan and Europe, and Chinese
officials have pitched their U.S. counterparts on investing in the United
States. During Mr. Trump=E2=80=99s visit to China last month, the countries=
 said
they would create a =E2=80=9Cboard of investment
<https://www.nytimes.com/2026/05/14/us/politics/trump-china-xi-investment.h=
tml>
.=E2=80=9D
Image
[image: President Trump walks with Xi Jinping and several other people in
business attire.]
During President Trump=E2=80=99s visit to China last month, the United Stat=
es and
China said they would create a =E2=80=9Cboard of investment.=E2=80=9DCredit=
...Kenny
Holston/The New York Times

In an interview on CNBC on May 14, Scott Bessent, the Treasury secretary,
said the board would =E2=80=9Cdecide upfront what are the nonstrategic,
nonsensitive areas where it would be possible for the Chinese to invest.=E2=
=80=9D

But the Trump administration has been attuned to criticisms that Chinese
investments could compromise national security. In May, Jamieson Greer, the
U.S. trade representative, said
<https://x.com/Eleanor_Mueller/status/2057881360459825538> the board would
be focused more on resolving specific complaints by U.S. companies than on
creating a =E2=80=9Cprogram of mutual investment.=E2=80=9D

Reva Goujon, a director at Rhodium Group, a research firm, said U.S. firms
like Ford and Stellantis were interested in partnerships that could help
them absorb more advanced Chinese technology and maintain their electric
vehicle lineups without incurring high costs. Stellantis has a joint
venture with CATL in Europe and is constructing a battery factory
<https://www.catl.com/en/news/6614.html> in Spain.

=E2=80=9CThey=E2=80=99re trying to position themselves for if there is a th=
aw between the
U.S. and China on investment,=E2=80=9D she said. =E2=80=9CThey=E2=80=99re t=
esting the political
waters.=E2=80=9D

The Chinese government has encouraged some companies to expand
internationally, but with strategic sectors like batteries, there are still
big questions about how much technology China will allow them to share with
foreign partners. In addition to flexing its control over mineral exports
<https://www.nytimes.com/2025/12/31/business/china-rare-earths-history.html=
>,
Beijing recently added restrictions
<https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/15/business/china-electric-vehicle-battery=
-manufacturing.html>
to
exporting battery manufacturing technologies, and established a more
rigorous system
<https://www.morganlewis.com/pubs/2026/06/regulation-on-outbound-investment=
-why-chinese-counterparty-compliance-is-now-a-deal-risk>
to
review outbound technology investments, Ms. Goujon said.

The country=E2=80=99s imperative =E2=80=9Cis to hold on to the crown jewels=
 for any
technology,=E2=80=9D she said. =E2=80=9CWhen it comes to more obvious forms=
 of tech
transfer, I think Beijing is going to be very, very strict about that.=E2=
=80=9D

Beijing scuttled Meta=E2=80=99s acquisition of Manus
<https://www.nytimes.com/2026/04/27/business/china-meta-manus-ai-deal.html>=
,
a Singaporean-based artificial intelligence company founded in China,
and blocked
Elon Musk
<https://www.nytimes.com/2026/05/21/business/economy/trump-china-trip-ceos-=
tesla-musk.html>
from
buying equipment that would help Tesla make solar products in the United
States.

Rush Doshi, an assistant professor at Georgetown University who previously
served as the China director for the Biden National Security Council, said
Chinese investments could help the United States if CATL used American
suppliers, workers and software. If the company just shipped all the
high-value parts in from China, however, it would hurt U.S. industry, he
said.

=E2=80=9CIf we import Chinese batteries without making our own, we will los=
e a
critical industry of the future,=E2=80=9D Mr. Doshi said, adding, =E2=80=9C=
The =E2=80=98how=E2=80=99 is
critical.=E2=80=9D
=E2=80=98Trojan Horse=E2=80=99 or Key Partner?

At the CATL=E2=80=99s factory complex in Ningde, fresh air from the East Ch=
ina Sea
flowed into a huge white marble lobby and a showroom with the slogan
=E2=80=9CTogether for the energy freedom!=E2=80=9D The building is shaped l=
ike a lithium
battery, the product that tens of thousands of workers are making in nearby
factories.

CATL was founded in 2011 out of an electronics firm that got its break
making the battery for the Apple iPod. At two dozen plants globally, CATL
now makes 40 percent of the world=E2=80=99s electric vehicle batteries, and=
 30
percent of batteries used to sock away solar and wind power and stabilize
the electricity grid.

The company credits its success partly to its spending on research and
development, which it says totals more than other battery companies
combined. CATL says that 22,000 of its 185,000 employees work in research
and development, and that of those, more than 700 hold Ph.D.s.
Image
[image: Rows of cars outside the CATL headquarters.]
CATL credits its success partly to its spending on research and
development, which it says totals more than other battery companies
combined.Credit...Gilles Sabri=C3=A9 for The New York Times
Image
[image: A man examines a model of a CATL electric vehicle battery.]
Directives from the highest levels of the Communist Party encouraged
battery research, while regulations discouraged the use of non-Chinese
batteries and pushed American firms out of the country.Credit...Gilles
Sabri=C3=A9 for The New York Times

But Chinese policies have also been central to the company=E2=80=99s succes=
s,
specifically financial incentives for Chinese consumers to buy E.V.s. The
government poured hundreds of billions of dollars into the sector.
Directives from the highest levels of the Communist Party encouraged
<https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/09/business/china-ev-battery-tech.html>
battery
research, while regulations discouraged the use
<https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/22/business/china-catl-electric-car-batter=
ies.html>
of
non-Chinese batteries and pushed American firms out of the country
<https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/19/business/gm-china.html>.

U.S. officials have criticized China=E2=80=99s industrial subsidies, saying=
 they
create an unfair playing field and distort global markets. Those practices
show no sign of slowing.

A study
<https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-magic-database-of-industrial-sub=
sidies_ce94f33b-en/full-report.html>
released
in June by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development found
that industrial firms in China had received three to eight times as much
government support over the past two decades as companies in the 38 mostly
wealthy nations that belong to the O.E.C.D. In a report last month
<https://www.uschamber.com/international/chinas-next-generation-industrial-=
policy>,
the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and Rhodium Group argued that Chinese
industrial policy was becoming more pervasive and systemic, calling the
strategy an =E2=80=9Cindustrial policy of everything.=E2=80=9D

Others argue that China=E2=80=99s advances are fueled by investments in res=
earch,
education and talent, policies that the United States should do more to
emulate.

Albert Bourla, the chief executive of Pfizer, said in March that one of
Pfizer=E2=80=99s biggest challenges was how to tap into the =E2=80=9Cmeteor=
ic rise=E2=80=9D of
China=E2=80=99s scientific abilities in the midst of geopolitical tensions.

Mr. Bourla predicted that China would surpass the United States in
biopharmaceutical innovation within this decade, saying the country had
carried out a strategic plan over decades to reform regulations, file
patents, fund research and cultivate talent.

=E2=80=9CThey built their science. So this is where we need to become bette=
r,=E2=80=9D Mr.
Bourla said.

Li You contributed research. Jack Ewing contributed reporting from New York=
.

Ana Swanson <https://www.nytimes.com/by/ana-swanson> covers trade and
international economics for The Times and is based in Washington. She has
been a journalist for more than a decade.

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><br><div><br></div><div><div id=3D"gmail-fullBleedHeaderCo=
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g:55px 0px 0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;display:flex;width:1012.61px=
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line;border:0px;margin:auto 0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px=
"><div style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;=
padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-1sojcm=
r emiu63g0" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin=
:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><h1 id=3D"gmail-link-2b33=
1067" class=3D"gmail-css-v3oks e1pbsr240" style=3D"font-style:italic;font-v=
ariant:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:2.75rem;line-height:3.0625rem=
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-noto,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inhe=
rit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:basel=
ine;border:0px;margin:0px auto 0.6rem;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid=
 1.6px;color:rgb(18,18,18);text-align:center;width:600px;max-width:600px">A=
s Chinese Tech Pulls Ahead, U.S. Fears It Will Become Dependent</h1></div><=
div style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;pad=
ding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;display:contents"><p class=3D"gmai=
l-css-zj9uuq evqizr60" style=3D"font-variant:inherit;font-stretch:normal;fo=
nt-size:1.4375rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-cheltenham,cheltenha=
m-fallback-georgia,cheltenham-fallback-noto,georgia,&quot;times new roman&q=
uot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature=
-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px auto 35px;p=
adding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;color:rgb(18,18,18);text-align:c=
enter;width:600px;max-width:600px">Chinese firms have some of the world=E2=
=80=99s most advanced technology. But U.S. officials say relying on it coul=
d come with a downside.</p></div></div></div></div><div style=3D"font:inher=
it;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transp=
arent solid 1.6px;display:contents"><div class=3D"gmail-css-yi0xdk e89cr9k0=
" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 4=
0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;display:flex"><p class=3D"g=
mail-css-11vzj2f" aria-hidden=3D"true" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-var=
iant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:0.9375rem;l=
ine-height:1.25rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&q=
uot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature=
-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:6px 30px 0px au=
to;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;color:rgb(114,114,114);max-w=
idth:900px;text-align:right"><span class=3D"gmail-css-1f9pvn2 economy" styl=
e=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 7px 0px 0px=
;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">This site, owned by Contempor=
ary Amperex Technology Company Ltd., or CATL, is the world=E2=80=99s larges=
t cluster of battery factories, and the most advanced.</span><span class=3D=
"gmail-css-iwa86d ecmr7cu0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inheri=
t;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:=
1.0625rem;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size-adj=
ust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-ali=
gn:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;display:inline;outline:transp=
arent solid 1.6px"><span class=3D"gmail-iqSOia_accessibilityLabel" style=3D=
"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;padding:0px;outline:transp=
arent solid 1.6px;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden">Credit...</span><sp=
an style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padd=
ing:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><span style=3D"font:inherit;vertic=
al-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent sol=
id 1.6px">Video by Gilles Sabri=C3=A9</span></span></span></p></div><div cl=
ass=3D"gmail-css-1wx1auc e89cr9k1" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:bas=
eline;border:0px;margin:0px auto 25px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid=
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 style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:1.25rem 0p=
x 0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-byli=
ne-container gmail-css-1u5onbp e194t51w2" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-al=
ign:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.75rem;padding:0px;display:flex;wid=
th:600px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-165eim7 e=
8lt1uc0" aria-hidden=3D"true" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline=
;border:0px;margin:0px 0px auto;padding:0px;min-width:60px;display:inline-b=
lock;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><a href=3D"https://www.nytimes.com/by=
/ana-swanson" class=3D"gmail-css-uwwqev" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-ali=
gn:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);text-decorat=
ion:none;width:100%;height:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><img alt=
=3D"Ana Swanson" title=3D"Ana Swanson" src=3D"https://static01.nyt.com/imag=
es/2018/12/10/multimedia/author-ana-swanson/author-ana-swanson-thumbLarge-v=
2.png" class=3D"gmail-css-dc6zx6 e8lt1uc2" style=3D"text-size-adjust: 100%;=
 font: inherit; vertical-align: bottom; border-width: medium; border-style:=
 none; border-color: currentcolor; border-image: initial; margin: 0px 10px =
0px 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; height: auto; width: 50px; border-r=
adius: 50%; outline: transparent solid 1.6px; outline-offset: 0.125rem;"></=
a></div><div class=3D"gmail-css-233int e194t51w1" style=3D"font:inherit;ver=
tical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;display:inline-block=
;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><p class=3D"gmail-css-4anu6l e5uya0i1" st=
yle=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:700;font-stretch=
:inherit;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-family:nyt-franklin,h=
elvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;fon=
t-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;pa=
dding:0px;display:inline-block;color:rgb(54,54,54);outline:transparent soli=
d 1.6px"><span class=3D"gmail-byline-prefix" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical=
-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid=
 1.6px">By=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://www.nytimes.com/by/ana-swanson" c=
lass=3D"gmail-last-byline gmail-css-ojhyzr e5uya0i0" style=3D"font:inherit;=
vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:inherit;tex=
t-decoration:underline 1px rgb(114,114,114);display:inline-block;outline:tr=
ansparent solid 1.6px">Ana Swanson</a></p><div class=3D"gmail-css-17nm0qx e=
194t51w0" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0=
.125rem 0px 0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div id=3D"enh=
anced-byline" class=3D"gmail-css-8atqhb" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-ali=
gn:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;width:540px;outline:transpare=
nt solid 1.6px"><p class=3D"gmail-css-1hyokyd e1bs99pu0" style=3D"font-styl=
e:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:0.9375rem;lin=
e-height:1.25rem;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-s=
ize-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;verti=
cal-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(54,54,54);ou=
tline:transparent solid 1.6px">Ana Swanson, who covers international trade,=
 reported from Washington and Ningde, China.</p></div></div></div></div><ul=
 class=3D"gmail-css-1cgskve e194t51w4" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align=
:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;list-style:none;outline:transpa=
rent solid 1.6px;display:flex"><li class=3D"gmail-css-ccw2r3 e194t51w3" sty=
le=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0p=
x 1rem 0px 0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;list-style:none"><span class=
=3D"gmail-css-1sbuyqj ex1i4ff2" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseli=
ne;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px 1em 0px 0px;outline:transparent solid =
1.6px;display:inline-block">June 23, 2026=C2=A0 =C2=A0 The New York Times</=
span></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class=3D"gmail-css-s99gbd gmail=
-StoryBodyCompanionColumn" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;bo=
rder:0px;margin:0px auto 1rem;padding:0px;display:flex;height:555px;width:1=
200px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-53u6y8" styl=
e=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-=
right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:600px;outline=
:transparent solid 1.6px"><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D=
"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:i=
nherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,geor=
gia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-k=
erning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border=
:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outlin=
e:transparent solid 1.6px">At a factory in southeastern China, robot arms s=
pin balletically, winding long strips of metal into rolls and shaping them =
into bricks that are destined to become batteries.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css=
-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-w=
eight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;f=
ont-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;fon=
t-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;ve=
rtical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width=
:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">As workers in white =
coveralls watch, the nascent batteries are packaged into aluminum cases and=
, as workers put it, =E2=80=9Cgiven life=E2=80=9D =E2=80=94 endowed with an=
 electrical charge that will eventually power cars and data centers across =
the world.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:=
inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-=
size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;ti=
mes new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inher=
it;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:=
0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparen=
t solid 1.6px">The site, owned by Contemporary Amperex Technology Company L=
td., or CATL, is the world=E2=80=99s largest cluster of battery factories, =
and the most advanced. Inside its walls, the dynamic between the United Sta=
tes and China is changing.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" styl=
e=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stret=
ch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,=
georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;fo=
nt-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;bo=
rder:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transpar=
ent solid 1.6px">For decades, American companies maintained a huge technolo=
gical lead over their Chinese competitors. U.S. firms came to China to manu=
facture their goods more cheaply. As a price of entry, the Chinese governme=
nt forced foreign companies into partnerships where Chinese firms could lea=
rn from them and absorb their more advanced technology.</p></div></div><div=
 style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;paddin=
g:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-8atqhb" styl=
e=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px=
;width:2032.8px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"></div></div><div class=3D"=
gmail-css-s99gbd gmail-StoryBodyCompanionColumn" style=3D"font:inherit;vert=
ical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px auto 1rem;padding:0px;display:fle=
x;height:720px;width:1200px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"=
gmail-css-53u6y8" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;=
margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;width:600px;m=
ax-width:600px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip=
4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:=
inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-fa=
mily:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size=
-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical=
-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px=
;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">In at least a few sectors,=
 that equation has flipped, with China racing ahead of the United States. F=
rom batteries and solar panels to rare earths and life sciences, China is d=
eveloping some of the world=E2=80=99s most advanced technologies, and it is=
 rapidly deploying plans to corner other markets.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-=
140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-we=
ight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;fo=
nt-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font=
-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;ver=
tical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:=
600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">CATL is indicative of=
 that shift. It has unveiled a battery that, according to the company, can =
power an electric vehicle for 250 miles with less than 10 minutes of chargi=
ng =E2=80=94 about three times the charging speed of batteries typically fo=
und in other electric vehicles. CATL=E2=80=99s battery technology is poweri=
ng millions of cheap electric vehicles that China is exporting around the w=
orld.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inher=
it;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:=
1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times n=
ew roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;fo=
nt-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0=
px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent sol=
id 1.6px">The company sees further potential in America=E2=80=99s enormous =
car market.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style=
:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font=
-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;t=
imes new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inhe=
rit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin=
:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transpare=
nt solid 1.6px">=E2=80=9COf course if there=E2=80=99s an opportunity in the=
 U.S., we wish to pursue it,=E2=80=9D said Fred Zhang, a company spokesman.=
</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;fo=
nt-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25r=
em;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new ro=
man&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-fe=
ature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;paddin=
g:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">These adv=
ances are raising major questions for U.S. officials, who see danger in rel=
ying too much on Chinese technology. Lawmakers and some administration offi=
cials argue that China has used predatory practices to=C2=A0<a class=3D"gma=
il-css-yywogo" href=3D"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/05/16/busin=
ess/china-ev-battery.html" title=3D"" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:=
baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(50,104,145);text-decor=
ation:underline 1px rgb(50,104,145);outline:transparent solid 1.6px">build =
a dominant position in batteries</a>=C2=A0and other fields. They say that h=
as hollowed out the industrial base of other countries, including the Unite=
d States, and extended the Chinese government=E2=80=99s power globally.</p>=
</div><div id=3D"gmail-c-col-editors-picks" class=3D"gmail-css-lze5f4" styl=
e=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px=
;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;width:210px;max-width:210px"><h2 class=3D"=
gmail-css-151seha" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-st=
retch:inherit;font-size:14px;line-height:14px;font-family:nyt-franklin,helv=
etica,arial,sans-serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-f=
eature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-width:0px 0px 1px;bo=
rder-style:none none solid;border-color:currentcolor currentcolor rgb(226,2=
26,226);margin:0px 0px 15px;padding:0px 0px 12px;outline:transparent solid =
1.6px;color:rgb(18,18,18);letter-spacing:0.02em">Editors=E2=80=99 Picks</h2=
><a class=3D"gmail-css-1sj6bre" href=3D"https://www.nytimes.com/2026/06/23/=
travel/short-new-england-cruises.html" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align=
:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);text-decoratio=
n:none;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;height:102px;display:flex"><div clas=
s=3D"gmail-css-1rcvpgy" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;borde=
r:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;width:75px"><i=
mg alt=3D"" src=3D"https://static01.nyt.com/images/2026/06/23/multimedia/23=
trav-ne-harbor-cruises-02-bkwp/23trav-ne-harbor-cruises-02-bkwp-thumbLarge.=
jpg" style=3D"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseli=
ne; border-width: medium; border-style: none; border-color: currentcolor; b=
order-image: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; height: a=
uto; outline: transparent solid 1.6px; outline-offset: 0.125rem;"></div><h3=
 class=3D"gmail-css-15zy5qw" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inher=
it;font-weight:500;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:14px;line-height:17px;fon=
t-family:nyt-cheltenham-small,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;;font-size=
-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical=
-align:baseline;border-width:0px 0px medium;border-style:none;border-color:=
currentcolor;margin:auto 0px auto 10px;padding:0px;outline:transparent soli=
d 1.6px;color:rgb(18,18,18)">Whales, Lighthouses and Magical Islands: Short=
 Cruises Off the New England Coast</h3></a><a class=3D"gmail-css-1sj6bre" h=
ref=3D"https://www.nytimes.com/2026/06/21/business/ina-garten-podcast.html"=
 style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;paddin=
g:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);text-decoration:none;outline:transparent solid 1.6px=
;height:77.4px;display:flex"><div class=3D"gmail-css-1rcvpgy" style=3D"font=
:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:=
transparent solid 1.6px;width:75px"><img alt=3D"" src=3D"https://static01.n=
yt.com/images/2026/06/21/multimedia/21-ina-pod-01-hzqk/21-ina-pod-01-hzqk-t=
humbLarge.jpg" style=3D"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; vertical-ali=
gn: baseline; border-width: medium; border-style: none; border-color: curre=
ntcolor; border-image: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%;=
 height: auto; outline: transparent solid 1.6px; outline-offset: 0.125rem;"=
></div><h3 class=3D"gmail-css-15zy5qw" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-var=
iant:inherit;font-weight:500;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:14px;line-heigh=
t:17px;font-family:nyt-cheltenham-small,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;=
;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inheri=
t;vertical-align:baseline;border-width:0px 0px medium;border-style:none;bor=
der-color:currentcolor;margin:auto 0px auto 10px;padding:0px;outline:transp=
arent solid 1.6px;color:rgb(18,18,18)">In Her New Podcast, Ina Garten Is Ho=
ping to Get Messy</h3></a><a href=3D"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/20=
26/06/18/well/summer-challenge-90s-nostalgia.html" class=3D"gmail-css-1sj6b=
re" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;pad=
ding:0px;color:rgb(0,0,0);text-decoration:none;outline:transparent solid 1.=
6px;height:77.4px;display:flex"><div class=3D"gmail-css-1rcvpgy" style=3D"f=
ont:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outli=
ne:transparent solid 1.6px;width:75px"><img alt=3D"" src=3D"https://static0=
1.nyt.com/images/2026/05/29/well/5Well-Summer-Challenge-03/5Well-Summer-Cha=
llenge-03-thumbLarge-v3.png" style=3D"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit=
; vertical-align: baseline; border-width: medium; border-style: none; borde=
r-color: currentcolor; border-image: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; ma=
x-width: 100%; height: auto; outline: transparent solid 1.6px; outline-offs=
et: 0.125rem;"></div><h3 class=3D"gmail-css-15zy5qw" style=3D"font-style:in=
herit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:500;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1=
4px;line-height:17px;font-family:nyt-cheltenham-small,georgia,&quot;times n=
ew roman&quot;;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-s=
ettings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border-width:0px 0px medium;border-=
style:none;border-color:currentcolor;margin:auto 0px auto 10px;padding:0px;=
outline:transparent solid 1.6px;color:rgb(18,18,18)">Week 3: Host a =E2=80=
=9990s-Style Hangout</h3></a></div></div><div style=3D"font:inherit;vertica=
l-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent soli=
d 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-8atqhb" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-ali=
gn:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;width:2032.8px;outline:transp=
arent solid 1.6px"></div></div><div class=3D"gmail-css-s99gbd gmail-StoryBo=
dyCompanionColumn" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px=
;margin:0px auto 1rem;padding:0px;display:flex;height:180px;width:1200px;ou=
tline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-53u6y8" style=3D"fon=
t:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0p=
x;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:600px;outline:transpa=
rent solid 1.6px"><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-st=
yle:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;f=
ont-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quo=
t;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:i=
nherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;mar=
gin:0px;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.=
6px">Over the past year, Beijing=C2=A0<a class=3D"gmail-css-yywogo" href=3D=
"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/16/business/economy/china-rare-earths-supp=
ly-chain.html" title=3D"" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;bor=
der:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(50,104,145);text-decoration:underl=
ine 1px rgb(50,104,145);outline:transparent solid 1.6px">weaponized its con=
trol</a>=C2=A0over global supply chains, cutting off mineral exports and th=
reatening to shut down U.S. factories to force the Trump administration to =
back down on tariffs. China has described its control of other industries, =
like pharmaceuticals, as a potential future lever over foreign governments.=
</p></div></div><div style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0=
px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gm=
ail-css-9rrfmg e1kexmp90" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;bor=
der:0px;margin:2.5rem auto;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;disp=
lay:flex;max-width:1200px;width:1200px"><div style=3D"font:inherit;vertical=
-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 15px 0px 0px;padding:0px;outline:tran=
sparent solid 1.6px;width:592.5px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-1xdhyk6 e1acqrl4=
0" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padd=
ing:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><span class=3D"gmail-iqSOia_access=
ibilityLabel" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;padd=
ing:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidde=
n">Image</span><div class=3D"gmail-css-1pq3dr9" style=3D"font:inherit;verti=
cal-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent so=
lid 1.6px;width:592.5px;background-color:rgb(235,235,235)"><div style=3D"fo=
nt:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outlin=
e:transparent solid 1.6px;height:auto"><span class=3D"gmail-css-1j5kxti" st=
yle=3D"outline:transparent solid 1.6px;opacity:1;display:block;width:592.5p=
x"><img alt=3D"A white car in a gray garage-like area with a worker tending=
 to it." class=3D"gmail-css-1m50asq" src=3D"https://static01.nyt.com/images=
/2026/06/13/multimedia/00dc-china-battery-tech-1-khfj/00dc-china-battery-te=
ch-1-khfj-articleLarge.jpg?quality=3D75&amp;auto=3Dwebp&amp;disable=3Dupsca=
le" style=3D"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; vertical-align: top; bo=
rder: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; height: auto; outlin=
e: transparent solid 1.6px; outline-offset: 0.125rem; width: 592.5px;"></sp=
an></div></div></div><span class=3D"gmail-css-1n49vpa e3zar750" style=3D"fo=
nt-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inhe=
rit;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-k=
erning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border=
:0px;margin:0px 7px 0px 0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">A =
car-battery station at CATL headquarters.</span><span class=3D"gmail-css-iw=
a86d ecmr7cu0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight=
:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.0625rem;fon=
t-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;f=
ont-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;b=
order:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;display:inline;outline:transparent solid 1=
.6px"><span class=3D"gmail-iqSOia_accessibilityLabel" style=3D"font:inherit=
;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1=
.6px;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden">Credit...</span><span style=3D"f=
ont:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outli=
ne:transparent solid 1.6px"><span aria-hidden=3D"false" style=3D"font:inher=
it;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transp=
arent solid 1.6px">Gilles Sabri=C3=A9 for The New York Times</span></span><=
/span></div><div style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;m=
argin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;width:592.5px"><div c=
lass=3D"gmail-css-1xdhyk6 e1acqrl40" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:b=
aseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">=
<span class=3D"gmail-iqSOia_accessibilityLabel" style=3D"font:inherit;verti=
cal-align:baseline;border:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;w=
idth:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden">Image</span><div class=3D"gmail-css-1p=
q3dr9" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;=
padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;width:592.5px;background-color:=
rgb(235,235,235)"><div style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border=
:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;height:auto"><s=
pan class=3D"gmail-css-1j5kxti" style=3D"outline:transparent solid 1.6px;op=
acity:1;display:block;width:592.5px"><img alt=3D"High-tech equipment at a f=
actory." class=3D"gmail-css-1m50asq" src=3D"https://static01.nyt.com/images=
/2026/06/13/multimedia/00dc-china-battery-tech-2-qbwv/00dc-china-battery-te=
ch-2-qbwv-articleLarge.jpg?quality=3D75&amp;auto=3Dwebp&amp;disable=3Dupsca=
le" style=3D"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; vertical-align: top; bo=
rder: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; height: auto; outlin=
e: transparent solid 1.6px; outline-offset: 0.125rem; width: 592.5px;"></sp=
an></div></div></div><span class=3D"gmail-css-1n49vpa e3zar750" style=3D"fo=
nt-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inhe=
rit;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-k=
erning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border=
:0px;margin:0px 7px 0px 0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">CA=
TL sees potential in America=E2=80=99s enormous car market.</span><span cla=
ss=3D"gmail-css-iwa86d ecmr7cu0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:i=
nherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:0.8125rem;line-he=
ight:1.0625rem;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-siz=
e-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertica=
l-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;display:inline;outline:t=
ransparent solid 1.6px"><span class=3D"gmail-iqSOia_accessibilityLabel" sty=
le=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;padding:0px;outline:t=
ransparent solid 1.6px;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden">Credit...</spa=
n><span style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px=
;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><span aria-hidden=3D"false" s=
tyle=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:=
0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">Gilles Sabri=C3=A9 for The New York Ti=
mes</span></span></span></div></div></div><div class=3D"gmail-css-s99gbd gm=
ail-StoryBodyCompanionColumn" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline=
;border:0px;margin:0px auto 1rem;padding:0px;display:flex;height:645px;widt=
h:1200px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-53u6y8" s=
tyle=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin-top:0px;marg=
in-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:600px;outl=
ine:transparent solid 1.6px"><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=
=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretc=
h:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,g=
eorgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;fon=
t-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;bor=
der:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;out=
line:transparent solid 1.6px">Representative John Moolenaar, a Michigan Rep=
ublican who is chairman of the House Select Committee on China, said China =
had subsidized CATL =E2=80=9Cto undercut non-China competitors and build wo=
rldwide dependence.=E2=80=9D Entrusting a critical industry to the company =
would be =E2=80=9Ca grave error,=E2=80=9D he added.</p><p class=3D"gmail-cs=
s-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-=
weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;=
font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;fo=
nt-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;v=
ertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;widt=
h:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">But others say not =
working with Chinese firms like CATL will lead U.S. companies to fall behin=
d, eroding America=E2=80=99s position in important industries. Walling off =
the world=E2=80=99s most dynamic economies could also slow progress toward =
scientific and technological advances, and impede efforts to combat climate=
 change.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:in=
herit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-si=
ze:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;time=
s new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit=
;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0p=
x 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent =
solid 1.6px">=E2=80=9CFor decades now, we=E2=80=99ve been used to a world w=
here the technology and innovation comes out of the West,=E2=80=9D said Kyl=
e Chan, a fellow at the Brookings Institution, a Washington think tank. =E2=
=80=9CThe tables are turning.=E2=80=9D</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1m=
e5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inheri=
t;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:n=
yt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjus=
t:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align=
:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outl=
ine:transparent solid 1.6px">The United States appears to be at an inflecti=
on point, where it must choose if it wants to use China=E2=80=99s cheap and=
 advanced battery technology =E2=80=94 or spend much more to develop an ind=
ependent supply chain for an industry that could come to underpin much of U=
.S. energy infrastructure.</p></div></div><div style=3D"font:inherit;vertic=
al-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent sol=
id 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-8atqhb" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-al=
ign:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;width:2032.8px;outline:trans=
parent solid 1.6px"></div></div><div class=3D"gmail-css-s99gbd gmail-StoryB=
odyCompanionColumn" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0p=
x;margin:0px auto 1rem;padding:0px;display:flex;height:315px;width:1200px;o=
utline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-53u6y8" style=3D"fo=
nt:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0=
px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:600px;outline:transp=
arent solid 1.6px"><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-s=
tyle:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;=
font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&qu=
ot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:=
inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;ma=
rgin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:trans=
parent solid 1.6px">American officials have been firmly opposed to Chinese =
car imports, seeing them as a fast ticket to destroying the U.S. auto indus=
try. But they are more divided over the batteries that go into cars, power =
plants and data centers because most major battery makers are foreign compa=
nies.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inher=
it;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:=
1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times n=
ew roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;fo=
nt-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;p=
adding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">Gene=
ral Motors has invested with South Korean battery makers to build a non-Chi=
nese supply chain, but other U.S. automakers already consider CATL a vital =
partner. CATL sells batteries to Tesla, and it has licensed its technology =
to Ford Motor to use in plants in Michigan and Kentucky.</p></div></div><di=
v style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;paddi=
ng:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div style=3D"font:inherit;vertical=
-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid=
 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-1xdhyk6 e1acqrl40" style=3D"font:inherit;ve=
rtical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent=
 solid 1.6px"><span class=3D"gmail-iqSOia_accessibilityLabel" style=3D"font=
:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent=
 solid 1.6px;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden">Image</span><span style=
=3D"outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><img alt=3D"Cars being assembled by  m=
achines at a factory." class=3D"gmail-css-r3fift" src=3D"https://static01.n=
yt.com/images/2026/06/12/business/00dc-china-battery-tech-tesla/00dc-china-=
battery-tech-tesla-articleLarge.jpg?quality=3D75&amp;auto=3Dwebp&amp;disabl=
e=3Dupscale" width=3D"600" height=3D"418" style=3D"text-size-adjust: 100%; =
font: inherit; vertical-align: top; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;=
 max-width: 100%; height: auto; outline: transparent solid 1.6px; outline-o=
ffset: 0.125rem; width: 600px;"></span></div><span class=3D"gmail-css-1n49v=
pa e3zar750" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:i=
nherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-si=
ze-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertic=
al-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 7px 0px 0px;padding:0px;outline:tra=
nsparent solid 1.6px">A Tesla factory near Berlin. CATL sells batteries to =
Tesla.</span><span class=3D"gmail-css-iwa86d ecmr7cu0" style=3D"font-style:=
inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-=
size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.0625rem;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,ari=
al,sans-serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-se=
ttings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;di=
splay:inline;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><span class=3D"gmail-iqSOia_a=
ccessibilityLabel" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px=
;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:=
hidden">Credit...</span><span style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline=
;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><span a=
ria-hidden=3D"false" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0=
px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">Patrick Pleul/Ge=
tty Images</span></span></span></div></div><div class=3D"gmail-css-s99gbd g=
mail-StoryBodyCompanionColumn" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baselin=
e;border:0px;margin:0px auto 1rem;padding:0px;display:flex;height:345px;wid=
th:1200px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-53u6y8" =
style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin-top:0px;mar=
gin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:600px;out=
line:transparent solid 1.6px"><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" styl=
e=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stret=
ch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,=
georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;fo=
nt-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;bo=
rder:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;ou=
tline:transparent solid 1.6px">Ford collaborated with the South Korean batt=
ery maker SK On in its Kentucky factory, but dissolved the partnership in D=
ecember. Republicans have scrapped Biden administration incentives for elec=
tric vehicles, cooling the E.V. market in the United States. This year, For=
d said it would pivot the Kentucky plant to make batteries=C2=A0<a class=3D=
"gmail-css-yywogo" href=3D"https://www.nytimes.com/2026/02/12/business/ener=
gy-environment/ford-battery-storage-factory-kentucky.html" title=3D"" style=
=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;=
color:rgb(50,104,145);text-decoration:underline 1px rgb(50,104,145);outline=
:transparent solid 1.6px">for energy producers and data centers</a>, an are=
a where Congress still provides subsidies.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z=
 e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:in=
herit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-fami=
ly:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-a=
djust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-a=
lign:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;=
outline:transparent solid 1.6px">CATL=E2=80=99s presence in the United Stat=
es has been controversial. In 2023, the Virginia governor at the time, Glen=
n Youngkin, blocked a Ford-CATL factory, calling it a =E2=80=9CTrojan horse=
=E2=80=9D for the Chinese Communist Party.</p></div></div><div style=3D"fon=
t:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline=
:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-8atqhb" style=3D"font:inh=
erit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;width:2032.8=
px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"></div></div><div class=3D"gmail-css-s99=
gbd gmail-StoryBodyCompanionColumn" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:ba=
seline;border:0px;margin:0px auto 1rem;padding:0px;display:flex;height:764p=
x;width:1200px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-53u=
6y8" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin-top:0p=
x;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:600p=
x;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0"=
 style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-=
stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-impe=
rial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inher=
it;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseli=
ne;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:10=
0%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">In 2025, the U.S. government added CATL=
 to a list of Chinese military companies, saying it was =E2=80=9Cindirectly=
 affiliated=E2=80=9D with top bodies of the Chinese government. CATL=C2=A0<=
a class=3D"gmail-css-yywogo" href=3D"https://www.catl.com/en/news/6351.html=
" title=3D"" rel=3D"noopener noreferrer" target=3D"_blank" style=3D"font:in=
herit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(5=
0,104,145);text-decoration:underline 1px rgb(50,104,145);outline:transparen=
t solid 1.6px">said</a>=C2=A0that the designation, which barred the company=
 from U.S. defense contracts, was =E2=80=9Ca mistake=E2=80=9D and that it h=
ad never engaged in any military business.</p><h2 class=3D"gmail-css-9zl7ef=
 expuye50" id=3D"gmail-link-7b2f5cd1" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-vari=
ant:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.75rem;line-height:2.125rem;fon=
t-family:nyt-cheltenham,cheltenham-fallback-georgia,cheltenham-fallback-not=
o,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;=
font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;=
border:0px;margin:35px auto 1.25rem;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1=
.6px;color:rgb(18,18,18);width:600px;max-width:100%">Testing the Waters</h2=
><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-=
variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;=
line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman=
&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-featu=
re-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.937=
5rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px=
">Chinese investment already faces significant hurdles in the United States=
, including federal security reviews and state=C2=A0<a class=3D"gmail-css-y=
ywogo" href=3D"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/21/us/politics/china-restric=
tions-distrust.html" title=3D"" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseli=
ne;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(50,104,145);text-decoration:=
underline 1px rgb(50,104,145);outline:transparent solid 1.6px">restrictions=
</a>=C2=A0on Chinese purchases of real estate and farmland. In Michigan, th=
e Chinese company Gotion was blocked from building an E.V. battery factory =
after=C2=A0<a class=3D"gmail-css-yywogo" href=3D"https://www.nytimes.com/20=
23/10/03/business/gotion-chinese-subsidiary-michigan-protests.html" title=
=3D"" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;p=
adding:0px;color:rgb(50,104,145);text-decoration:underline 1px rgb(50,104,1=
45);outline:transparent solid 1.6px">protests</a>.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css=
-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-w=
eight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;f=
ont-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;fon=
t-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;ve=
rtical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width=
:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">The United States al=
so has high tariffs on Chinese car and battery imports, and a ban on the us=
e of Chinese software starting with 2027 vehicles.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css=
-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-w=
eight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;f=
ont-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;fon=
t-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;ve=
rtical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width=
:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">But American and Chi=
nese companies are eyeing whether President Trump=E2=80=99s seeming opennes=
s to doing business with China and his plans to meet China=E2=80=99s leader=
, Xi Jinping, again this year might open the way for more partnerships.</p>=
<p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-v=
ariant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;l=
ine-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&=
quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-featur=
e-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0p=
x;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">Mr. Trump has=
 welcomed investment from Japan and Europe, and Chinese officials have pitc=
hed their U.S. counterparts on investing in the United States. During Mr. T=
rump=E2=80=99s visit to China last month, the countries said they would cre=
ate a =E2=80=9C<a class=3D"gmail-css-yywogo" href=3D"https://www.nytimes.co=
m/2026/05/14/us/politics/trump-china-xi-investment.html" title=3D"" style=
=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;=
color:rgb(50,104,145);text-decoration:underline 1px rgb(50,104,145);outline=
:transparent solid 1.6px">board of investment</a>.=E2=80=9D</p></div></div>=
<div style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;pa=
dding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-8atqhb" =
style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding=
:0px;width:2032.8px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"></div></div><div style=
=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;=
outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:=
baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"=
><div class=3D"gmail-css-1xdhyk6 e1acqrl40" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-=
align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid =
1.6px"><span class=3D"gmail-iqSOia_accessibilityLabel" style=3D"font:inheri=
t;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid =
1.6px;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden">Image</span><div class=3D"gmail=
-css-1pq3dr9" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;marg=
in:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;width:1200px;background-=
color:rgb(235,235,235)"><div style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;=
border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;height:au=
to"><span class=3D"gmail-css-1j5kxti" style=3D"outline:transparent solid 1.=
6px;opacity:1;display:block;width:1200px"><img alt=3D"President Trump walks=
 with Xi Jinping and several other people in business attire." class=3D"gma=
il-css-1m50asq" src=3D"https://static01.nyt.com/images/2026/06/15/multimedi=
a/00dc-china-battery-tech-6-tfhq/00dc-china-battery-tech-6-tfhq-articleLarg=
e.jpg?quality=3D75&amp;auto=3Dwebp&amp;disable=3Dupscale" style=3D"text-siz=
e-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; vertical-align: top; border: 0px; margin: 0p=
x; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; height: auto; outline: transparent solid =
1.6px; outline-offset: 0.125rem; width: 1200px;"></span></div></div></div><=
span class=3D"gmail-css-1n49vpa e3zar750" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-=
variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:0.9375re=
m;line-height:1.25rem;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-fe=
ature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 7px 0p=
x 0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">During President Trump=
=E2=80=99s visit to China last month, the United States and China said they=
 would create a =E2=80=9Cboard of investment.=E2=80=9D</span><span class=3D=
"gmail-css-iwa86d ecmr7cu0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inheri=
t;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:=
1.0625rem;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size-adj=
ust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-ali=
gn:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;display:inline;outline:transp=
arent solid 1.6px"><span class=3D"gmail-iqSOia_accessibilityLabel" style=3D=
"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;padding:0px;outline:transp=
arent solid 1.6px;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden">Credit...</span><sp=
an style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padd=
ing:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><span aria-hidden=3D"false" style=
=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;=
outline:transparent solid 1.6px">Kenny Holston/The New York Times</span></s=
pan></span></div></div><div class=3D"gmail-css-s99gbd gmail-StoryBodyCompan=
ionColumn" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:=
0px auto 1rem;padding:0px;display:flex;height:585px;width:1200px;outline:tr=
ansparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-53u6y8" style=3D"font:inheri=
t;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin=
-bottom:0px;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:600px;outline:transparent sol=
id 1.6px"><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inhe=
rit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size=
:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times =
new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;f=
ont-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px =
0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent so=
lid 1.6px">In an interview on CNBC on May 14, Scott Bessent, the Treasury s=
ecretary, said the board would =E2=80=9Cdecide upfront what are the nonstra=
tegic, nonsensitive areas where it would be possible for the Chinese to inv=
est.=E2=80=9D</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-sty=
le:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;fo=
nt-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot=
;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:in=
herit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;marg=
in:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transpa=
rent solid 1.6px">But the Trump administration has been attuned to criticis=
ms that Chinese investments could compromise national security. In May, Jam=
ieson Greer, the U.S. trade representative,=C2=A0<a class=3D"gmail-css-yywo=
go" href=3D"https://x.com/Eleanor_Mueller/status/2057881360459825538" title=
=3D"" rel=3D"noopener noreferrer" target=3D"_blank" style=3D"font:inherit;v=
ertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(50,104,1=
45);text-decoration:underline 1px rgb(50,104,145);outline:transparent solid=
 1.6px">said</a>=C2=A0the board would be focused more on resolving specific=
 complaints by U.S. companies than on creating a =E2=80=9Cprogram of mutual=
 investment.=E2=80=9D</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"=
font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:in=
herit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georg=
ia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-ke=
rning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:=
0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline=
:transparent solid 1.6px">Reva Goujon, a director at Rhodium Group, a resea=
rch firm, said U.S. firms like Ford and Stellantis were interested in partn=
erships that could help them absorb more advanced Chinese technology and ma=
intain their electric vehicle lineups without incurring high costs. Stellan=
tis has a joint venture with CATL in Europe and is=C2=A0<a class=3D"gmail-c=
ss-yywogo" href=3D"https://www.catl.com/en/news/6614.html" title=3D"" rel=
=3D"noopener noreferrer" target=3D"_blank" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-a=
lign:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(50,104,145);text-=
decoration:underline 1px rgb(50,104,145);outline:transparent solid 1.6px">c=
onstructing a battery factory</a>=C2=A0in Spain.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-1=
40ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-wei=
ght:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;fon=
t-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-=
size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vert=
ical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width=
:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">=E2=80=9CThey=E2=80=99re trying to p=
osition themselves for if there is a thaw between the U.S. and China on inv=
estment,=E2=80=9D she said. =E2=80=9CThey=E2=80=99re testing the political =
waters.=E2=80=9D</p></div></div><div style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:b=
aseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">=
<div class=3D"gmail-css-8atqhb" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseli=
ne;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;width:2032.8px;outline:transparent sol=
id 1.6px"></div></div><div class=3D"gmail-css-s99gbd gmail-StoryBodyCompani=
onColumn" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0=
px auto 1rem;padding:0px;display:flex;height:810px;width:1200px;outline:tra=
nsparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-53u6y8" style=3D"font:inherit=
;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-=
bottom:0px;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:600px;outline:transparent soli=
d 1.6px"><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inher=
it;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:=
1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times n=
ew roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;fo=
nt-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0=
px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent sol=
id 1.6px">The Chinese government has encouraged some companies to expand in=
ternationally, but with strategic sectors like batteries, there are still b=
ig questions about how much technology China will allow them to share with =
foreign partners. In addition to=C2=A0<a class=3D"gmail-css-yywogo" href=3D=
"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/12/31/business/china-rare-earths-history.html=
" title=3D"" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margi=
n:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(50,104,145);text-decoration:underline 1px rgb(5=
0,104,145);outline:transparent solid 1.6px">flexing its control over minera=
l exports</a>, Beijing recently=C2=A0<a class=3D"gmail-css-yywogo" href=3D"=
https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/15/business/china-electric-vehicle-battery-=
manufacturing.html" title=3D"" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baselin=
e;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(50,104,145);text-decoration:u=
nderline 1px rgb(50,104,145);outline:transparent solid 1.6px">added restric=
tions</a>=C2=A0to exporting battery manufacturing technologies, and establi=
shed=C2=A0<a class=3D"gmail-css-yywogo" href=3D"https://www.morganlewis.com=
/pubs/2026/06/regulation-on-outbound-investment-why-chinese-counterparty-co=
mpliance-is-now-a-deal-risk" title=3D"" rel=3D"noopener noreferrer" target=
=3D"_blank" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin=
:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(50,104,145);text-decoration:underline 1px rgb(50=
,104,145);outline:transparent solid 1.6px">a more rigorous system</a>=C2=A0=
to review outbound technology investments, Ms. Goujon said.</p><p class=3D"=
gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inher=
it;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1=
.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,=
serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:i=
nherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:=
0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">The country=
=E2=80=99s imperative =E2=80=9Cis to hold on to the crown jewels for any te=
chnology,=E2=80=9D she said. =E2=80=9CWhen it comes to more obvious forms o=
f tech transfer, I think Beijing is going to be very, very strict about tha=
t.=E2=80=9D</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style=
:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font=
-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;t=
imes new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inhe=
rit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin=
:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transpare=
nt solid 1.6px">Beijing=C2=A0<a class=3D"gmail-css-yywogo" href=3D"https://=
www.nytimes.com/2026/04/27/business/china-meta-manus-ai-deal.html" title=3D=
"" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padd=
ing:0px;color:rgb(50,104,145);text-decoration:underline 1px rgb(50,104,145)=
;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">scuttled Meta=E2=80=99s acquisition of Ma=
nus</a>, a Singaporean-based artificial intelligence company founded in Chi=
na, and=C2=A0<a class=3D"gmail-css-yywogo" href=3D"https://www.nytimes.com/=
2026/05/21/business/economy/trump-china-trip-ceos-tesla-musk.html" title=3D=
"" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padd=
ing:0px;color:rgb(50,104,145);text-decoration:underline 1px rgb(50,104,145)=
;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">blocked Elon Musk</a>=C2=A0from buying eq=
uipment that would help Tesla make solar products in the United States.</p>=
<p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-v=
ariant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;l=
ine-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&=
quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-featur=
e-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375=
rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"=
>Rush Doshi, an assistant professor at Georgetown University who previously=
 served as the China director for the Biden National Security Council, said=
 Chinese investments could help the United States if CATL used American sup=
pliers, workers and software. If the company just shipped all the high-valu=
e parts in from China, however, it would hurt U.S. industry, he said.</p><p=
 class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-var=
iant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;lin=
e-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&qu=
ot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-=
settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;=
width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">=E2=80=9CIf we =
import Chinese batteries without making our own, we will lose a critical in=
dustry of the future,=E2=80=9D Mr. Doshi said, adding, =E2=80=9CThe =E2=80=
=98how=E2=80=99 is critical.=E2=80=9D</p></div></div><div style=3D"font:inh=
erit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:tran=
sparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-8atqhb" style=3D"font:inherit;=
vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;width:2032.8px;ou=
tline:transparent solid 1.6px"></div></div><div class=3D"gmail-css-s99gbd g=
mail-StoryBodyCompanionColumn" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baselin=
e;border:0px;margin:0px auto 1rem;padding:0px;display:flex;height:553px;wid=
th:1200px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-53u6y8" =
style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin-top:0px;mar=
gin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:600px;out=
line:transparent solid 1.6px"><h2 class=3D"gmail-css-9zl7ef expuye50" id=3D=
"gmail-link-5da2f71" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-=
stretch:inherit;font-size:1.75rem;line-height:2.125rem;font-family:nyt-chel=
tenham,cheltenham-fallback-georgia,cheltenham-fallback-noto,georgia,&quot;t=
imes new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inhe=
rit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin=
:1.1875rem auto 1.25rem;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;color:r=
gb(18,18,18);width:600px;max-width:100%">=E2=80=98Trojan Horse=E2=80=99 or =
Key Partner?</h2><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-sty=
le:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;fo=
nt-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot=
;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:in=
herit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;marg=
in:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transpa=
rent solid 1.6px">At the CATL=E2=80=99s factory complex in Ningde, fresh ai=
r from the East China Sea flowed into a huge white marble lobby and a showr=
oom with the slogan =E2=80=9CTogether for the energy freedom!=E2=80=9D The =
building is shaped like a lithium battery, the product that tens of thousan=
ds of workers are making in nearby factories.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140i=
p4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight=
:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-f=
amily:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-siz=
e-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertica=
l-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600p=
x;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">CATL was founded in 2011 =
out of an electronics firm that got its break making the battery for the Ap=
ple iPod. At two dozen plants globally, CATL now makes 40 percent of the wo=
rld=E2=80=99s electric vehicle batteries, and 30 percent of batteries used =
to sock away solar and wind power and stabilize the electricity grid.</p><p=
 class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-var=
iant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;lin=
e-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&qu=
ot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-=
settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;=
width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">The company cre=
dits its success partly to its spending on research and development, which =
it says totals more than other battery companies combined. CATL says that 2=
2,000 of its 185,000 employees work in research and development, and that o=
f those, more than 700 hold Ph.D.s.</p></div></div><div style=3D"font:inher=
it;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transp=
arent solid 1.6px"><div style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;borde=
r:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D=
"gmail-css-1xdhyk6 e1acqrl40" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline=
;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><span c=
lass=3D"gmail-iqSOia_accessibilityLabel" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-ali=
gn:baseline;border:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;width:1p=
x;height:1px;overflow:hidden">Image</span><div class=3D"gmail-css-1pq3dr9" =
style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding=
:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;width:1200px;background-color:rgb(235,=
235,235)"><div style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;mar=
gin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;height:auto"><span clas=
s=3D"gmail-css-1j5kxti" style=3D"outline:transparent solid 1.6px;opacity:1;=
display:block;width:1200px"><img alt=3D"Rows of cars outside the CATL headq=
uarters." class=3D"gmail-css-1m50asq" src=3D"https://static01.nyt.com/image=
s/2026/06/13/multimedia/00dc-china-battery-tech-3-fzqp/00dc-china-battery-t=
ech-3-fzqp-articleLarge.jpg?quality=3D75&amp;auto=3Dwebp&amp;disable=3Dupsc=
ale" style=3D"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; vertical-align: top; b=
order: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; height: auto; outli=
ne: transparent solid 1.6px; outline-offset: 0.125rem; width: 1200px;"></sp=
an></div></div></div><span class=3D"gmail-css-1n49vpa e3zar750" style=3D"fo=
nt-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inhe=
rit;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-k=
erning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border=
:0px;margin:0px 7px 0px 0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">CA=
TL credits its success partly to its spending on research and development, =
which it says totals more than other battery companies combined.</span><spa=
n class=3D"gmail-css-iwa86d ecmr7cu0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-vari=
ant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:0.8125rem;li=
ne-height:1.0625rem;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;fon=
t-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;ve=
rtical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;display:inline;outl=
ine:transparent solid 1.6px"><span class=3D"gmail-iqSOia_accessibilityLabel=
" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;padding:0px;outl=
ine:transparent solid 1.6px;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden">Credit...=
</span><span style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margi=
n:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><span aria-hidden=3D"fal=
se" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;pad=
ding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">Gilles Sabri=C3=A9 for The New Yo=
rk Times</span></span></span></div></div><div style=3D"font:inherit;vertica=
l-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent soli=
d 1.6px"><div style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;marg=
in:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css=
-1xdhyk6 e1acqrl40" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0p=
x;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><span class=3D"gm=
ail-iqSOia_accessibilityLabel" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baselin=
e;border:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;width:1px;height:1=
px;overflow:hidden">Image</span><div class=3D"gmail-css-1pq3dr9" style=3D"f=
ont:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outli=
ne:transparent solid 1.6px;width:1200px;background-color:rgb(235,235,235)">=
<div style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;pa=
dding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px;height:auto"><span class=3D"gmail=
-css-1j5kxti" style=3D"outline:transparent solid 1.6px;opacity:1;display:bl=
ock;width:1200px"><img alt=3D"A man examines a model of a CATL electric veh=
icle battery." class=3D"gmail-css-1m50asq" src=3D"https://static01.nyt.com/=
images/2026/06/15/multimedia/00dc-china-battery-tech-5-gfkw/00dc-china-batt=
ery-tech-5-gfkw-articleLarge.jpg?quality=3D75&amp;auto=3Dwebp&amp;disable=
=3Dupscale" style=3D"text-size-adjust: 100%; font: inherit; vertical-align:=
 top; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; height: auto=
; outline: transparent solid 1.6px; outline-offset: 0.125rem; width: 1200px=
;"></span></div></div></div><span class=3D"gmail-css-1n49vpa e3zar750" styl=
e=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stret=
ch:inherit;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;font-size-adjust:inherit=
;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline=
;border:0px;margin:0px 7px 0px 0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.=
6px">Directives from the highest levels of the Communist Party encouraged b=
attery research, while regulations discouraged the use of non-Chinese batte=
ries and pushed American firms out of the country.</span><span class=3D"gma=
il-css-iwa86d ecmr7cu0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;fo=
nt-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:0.8125rem;line-height:1.06=
25rem;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size-adjust:=
inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:b=
aseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;display:inline;outline:transparen=
t solid 1.6px"><span class=3D"gmail-iqSOia_accessibilityLabel" style=3D"fon=
t:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparen=
t solid 1.6px;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden">Credit...</span><span s=
tyle=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:=
0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><span aria-hidden=3D"false" style=3D"f=
ont:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outli=
ne:transparent solid 1.6px">Gilles Sabri=C3=A9 for The New York Times</span=
></span></span></div></div><div style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseli=
ne;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div =
class=3D"gmail-css-8atqhb" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;bo=
rder:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;width:2032.8px;outline:transparent solid 1.=
6px"></div></div><div class=3D"gmail-css-s99gbd gmail-StoryBodyCompanionCol=
umn" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px au=
to 1rem;padding:0px;display:flex;height:810px;width:1200px;outline:transpar=
ent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-53u6y8" style=3D"font:inherit;vert=
ical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-botto=
m:0px;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:600px;outline:transparent solid 1.6=
px"><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;fo=
nt-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25r=
em;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new ro=
man&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-fe=
ature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.=
9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.=
6px">But Chinese policies have also been central to the company=E2=80=99s s=
uccess, specifically financial incentives for Chinese consumers to buy E.V.=
s. The government poured hundreds of billions of dollars into the sector. D=
irectives from the highest levels of the Communist Party=C2=A0<a class=3D"g=
mail-css-yywogo" href=3D"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/09/business/china-=
ev-battery-tech.html" title=3D"" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:basel=
ine;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(50,104,145);text-decoration=
:underline 1px rgb(50,104,145);outline:transparent solid 1.6px">encouraged<=
/a>=C2=A0battery research, while regulations=C2=A0<a class=3D"gmail-css-yyw=
ogo" href=3D"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/22/business/china-catl-electri=
c-car-batteries.html" title=3D"" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:basel=
ine;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(50,104,145);text-decoration=
:underline 1px rgb(50,104,145);outline:transparent solid 1.6px">discouraged=
 the use</a>=C2=A0of non-Chinese batteries and=C2=A0<a class=3D"gmail-css-y=
ywogo" href=3D"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/19/business/gm-china.html" t=
itle=3D"" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0=
px;padding:0px;color:rgb(50,104,145);text-decoration:underline 1px rgb(50,1=
04,145);outline:transparent solid 1.6px">pushed American firms out of the c=
ountry</a>.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style=
:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font=
-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;t=
imes new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inhe=
rit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin=
:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transpare=
nt solid 1.6px">U.S. officials have criticized China=E2=80=99s industrial s=
ubsidies, saying they create an unfair playing field and distort global mar=
kets. Those practices show no sign of slowing.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140=
ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weigh=
t:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-=
family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-si=
ze-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertic=
al-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600=
px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><a class=3D"gmail-css-yy=
wogo" href=3D"https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-magic-database-of-i=
ndustrial-subsidies_ce94f33b-en/full-report.html" title=3D"" rel=3D"noopene=
r noreferrer" target=3D"_blank" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseli=
ne;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(50,104,145);text-decoration:=
underline 1px rgb(50,104,145);outline:transparent solid 1.6px">A study</a>=
=C2=A0released in June by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Dev=
elopment found that industrial firms in China had received three to eight t=
imes as much government support over the past two decades as companies in t=
he 38 mostly wealthy nations that belong to the O.E.C.D. In=C2=A0<a class=
=3D"gmail-css-yywogo" href=3D"https://www.uschamber.com/international/china=
s-next-generation-industrial-policy" title=3D"" rel=3D"noopener noreferrer"=
 target=3D"_blank" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px=
;margin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(50,104,145);text-decoration:underline 1px=
 rgb(50,104,145);outline:transparent solid 1.6px">a report last month</a>, =
the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and Rhodium Group argued that Chinese industri=
al policy was becoming more pervasive and systemic, calling the strategy an=
 =E2=80=9Cindustrial policy of everything.=E2=80=9D</p><p class=3D"gmail-cs=
s-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-=
weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;=
font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;fo=
nt-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;v=
ertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;widt=
h:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">Others argue that C=
hina=E2=80=99s advances are fueled by investments in research, education an=
d talent, policies that the United States should do more to emulate.</p><p =
class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-vari=
ant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line=
-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quo=
t;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-s=
ettings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;w=
idth:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">Albert Bourla, t=
he chief executive of Pfizer, said in March that one of Pfizer=E2=80=99s bi=
ggest challenges was how to tap into the =E2=80=9Cmeteoric rise=E2=80=9D of=
 China=E2=80=99s scientific abilities in the midst of geopolitical tensions=
.</p></div></div><div style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:=
0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"g=
mail-css-8atqhb" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;m=
argin:0px;padding:0px;width:2032.8px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"></div=
></div><div class=3D"gmail-css-s99gbd gmail-StoryBodyCompanionColumn" style=
=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px auto 1rem;pa=
dding:0px;display:flex;height:232px;width:1200px;outline:transparent solid =
1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-53u6y8" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align=
:baseline;border:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;padd=
ing:0px;width:600px;max-width:600px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><p cla=
ss=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant=
:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-he=
ight:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,georgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,=
times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-sett=
ings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;pa=
dding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">Mr. B=
ourla predicted that China would surpass the United States in biopharmaceut=
ical innovation within this decade, saying the country had carried out a st=
rategic plan over decades to reform regulations, file patents, fund researc=
h and cultivate talent.</p><p class=3D"gmail-css-140ip4z e1me5xab0" style=
=3D"font-style:inherit;font-variant:inherit;font-weight:inherit;font-stretc=
h:inherit;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.875rem;font-family:nyt-imperial,g=
eorgia,&quot;times new roman&quot;,times,serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;fon=
t-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;bor=
der:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.9375rem;padding:0px;width:600px;max-width:100%;out=
line:transparent solid 1.6px">=E2=80=9CThey built their science. So this is=
 where we need to become better,=E2=80=9D Mr. Bourla said.</p><p class=3D"g=
mail-css-f3337s erlrjdy0" style=3D"font-variant:inherit;font-stretch:inheri=
t;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,ar=
ial,sans-serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-s=
ettings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;w=
idth:600px;max-width:100%;outline:transparent solid 1.6px">Li You=C2=A0cont=
ributed research.=C2=A0Jack Ewing=C2=A0contributed reporting from New York.=
</p></div></div><div style=3D"font-variant-numeric:inherit;font-variant-eas=
t-asian:inherit;font-variant-alternates:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-s=
ize:16px;line-height:inherit;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;font-s=
ize-adjust:inherit;font-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;verti=
cal-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent so=
lid 1.6px;color:rgb(54,54,54);display:contents"><div class=3D"gmail-bottom-=
of-article" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin=
:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div class=3D"gmail-css-1=
i6tsou" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:1re=
m auto 1em;padding:0px;max-width:600px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><di=
v class=3D"gmail-css-16kgnvc eew3afz0" style=3D"font-style:inherit;font-var=
iant:inherit;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.375rem;font-=
family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size-adjust:inherit;fon=
t-kerning:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;bor=
der:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><div style=
=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;=
outline:transparent solid 1.6px"><p style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-align:ba=
seline;border:0px;margin:0px 0px 0.75rem;padding:0px;outline:transparent so=
lid 1.6px"><span class=3D"gmail-css-dtk1i2" style=3D"font:inherit;vertical-=
align:baseline;border:0px;margin:0px;padding:0px;outline:transparent solid =
1.6px"><a class=3D"gmail-authorPageLinkClass gmail-overrideLinkStyles" href=
=3D"https://www.nytimes.com/by/ana-swanson" style=3D"font-style:inherit;fon=
t-variant:inherit;font-weight:700;font-stretch:inherit;font-size:inherit;li=
ne-height:inherit;font-family:inherit;font-size-adjust:inherit;font-kerning=
:inherit;font-feature-settings:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;border:0px;m=
argin:0px;padding:0px;color:rgb(54,54,54);text-decoration:underline 1px;out=
line:transparent solid 1.6px">Ana Swanson</a></span>=C2=A0covers trade and =
international economics for The Times and is based in Washington. She has b=
een a journalist for more than a decade.</p></div></div></div></div></div><=
/div></div>

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3mct6e9u60

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<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><div dir="ltr"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3mct6e9u60" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_3mct6e9u60</a><br><br></div>
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Subject: [Salon] A Gaza father recounts how Israeli soldiers killed his
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https://mondoweiss.net/2026/06/a-gaza-father-recounts-how-israeli-soldiers-killed-his-seven-year-old-son-in-his-arms-and-mocked-him/
A Gaza father recounts how Israeli soldiers killed his three-year-old son
in his arms and mocked him
Israeli soldiers shot three-year-old Rayyan Abu al-Ajeen in his father's
arms and mocked his father's pleas as he cried for his dying son. The
father says they were in the part of Gaza designated as "safe" for
civilians during the "ceasefire."

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_quote gmail_quote_container"><a href=
=3D"https://mondoweiss.net/2026/06/a-gaza-father-recounts-how-israeli-soldi=
ers-killed-his-seven-year-old-son-in-his-arms-and-mocked-him/" rel=3D"noref=
errer" target=3D"_blank">https://mondoweiss.net/2026/06/a-gaza-father-recou=
nts-how-israeli-soldiers-killed-his-seven-year-old-son-in-his-arms-and-mock=
ed-him/</a><br>
A Gaza father recounts how Israeli soldiers killed his three-year-old son i=
n his arms and mocked him<br>
Israeli soldiers shot three-year-old Rayyan Abu al-Ajeen in his father&#39;=
s arms and mocked his father&#39;s pleas as he cried for his dying son. The=
 father says they were in the part of Gaza designated as &quot;safe&quot; f=
or civilians during the &quot;ceasefire.&quot;<br>
</div></div>

--000000000000cf7ed40654f52bd7--

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Subject: [Salon] UN warns Palestinian children 'defenceless' amid Israeli
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*https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/un-warns-palestinian-children-defenceless-amid-crackdown-ngos
<https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/un-warns-palestinian-children-defenceless-amid-crackdown-ngos>*

6/23/26

*UN warns Palestinian children 'defenceless' amid Israeli crackdown on NGOs*
[image: image.png]
*Palestinian <https://www.middleeasteye.net/countries/palestine> children
are "increasingly unprotected", as Israel
<https://www.middleeasteye.net/countries/israel> forces human rights
organisations to cease or curtail work across the occupied Palestinian
territories, the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child warned
<https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2026/06/occupied-palestinian-territory-children-left-defenceless-rights-groups-are>
on
Monday. *

*The committee condemned Israel's designation of civil society groups as
"terrorists". Labelling NGOs as terrorist entities gives Israel legal cover
to obstruct humanitarian work, including military raids, travel bans,
personal financial sanctions, threats of arrest, destruction of records
and, in some cases, "threats of secondary sanctions against partners". *

*The committee is made up of a body of 18 independent experts that work
within the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (UN OHCHR).*

*The warning doesn't name any of the organisations they are alluding to,
but in 2021 Israel outlawed six major Palestinian NGOs, including Adameer,
Al-Haq, Bisan Center for Research and Development, Defense for Children
International - Palestine, Union of Agricultural Work Committees and the
Union of Palestinian Women's Committees. *

*In January of this year, more than 50 international NGOs operating in
occupied Palestine warned that recent registration measures imposed by
Israel threatened to halt operations at a time of acute humanitarian need
in Gaza. *

*On 30 December, 37 NGOs received an official notification that their
registrations would expire the next day, triggering a two-month period
after which they would be required to cease operations in Gaza, as well as
the occupied West Bank and East Jerusalem.*

*Israel's Ministry of Diaspora Affairs announced the ban on Tuesday, saying
that organisations that had failed to meet their "security and transparency
requirements" would have their licences suspended. *

*The ministry said the ban would also apply to those who "refused to submit
a list of their Palestinian employees in order to rule out any links to
terrorism".*

*"Recent efforts to assess the impact of deregistering INGOs through
selective metrics do not capture how humanitarian assistance is delivered
in practice," the 53 NGOs jointly wrote at the time.*

*Israeli measures have made it nearly impossible for these groups to ensure
the safety of children and families seeking critical assistance, leaving
"children defenceless", according to UN OHCHR.*

*"For more than three decades, these organisations have played a vital role
in defending Palestinian children, including in the Israeli military
courts, and in documenting grave violations against Palestinian children at
the hands of Israeli forces," the Committee said.*

*"Without them, Palestinian children will be even less protected, and
violations of their rights risk continuing with impunity," it continued. *

*The UN OHCHR statement demanded Israel "lift all restrictions and
obstacles facing child rights defenders" in the occupied Palestinian
territories, and that the international community use "all available means"
to hold Israeli authorities accountable for attacks and prioritise the
rights of Palestinian children.*

*"Despite grave risks and limited resources, child rights defenders have
continued to stand with Palestinian children and families in
extraordinarily dangerous conditions," the committee said. "They must be
protected, not punished."*

*Israel has waged a severe crackdown on humanitarian work throughout the
occupied Palestinian territories since the ceasefire came into effect in
Gaza on 10 October, including a move to ban Doctors Without Borders (MSF)
after the organisation refused to provide a list of its Palestinian staff.*

*In response to the Israeli government's targeting of the NGO, 17
international aid agencies petitioned Israel's Supreme Court in February to
block the move.*

*While a court injunction currently permits their temporary continuance,
the Israeli government is attempting to halt their operations entirely.*

--0000000000006cfa8c0654f53f2c
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"lt=
r" class=3D"gmail_attr"><b style=3D"font-family:georgia,serif;background-co=
lor:transparent"><a href=3D"https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/un-warns-pal=
estinian-children-defenceless-amid-crackdown-ngos" target=3D"_blank">https:=
//www.middleeasteye.net/news/un-warns-palestinian-children-defenceless-amid=
-crackdown-ngos</a></b></div><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr"><br></di=
v><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">6/23/26</div><div dir=3D"ltr" class=
=3D"gmail_attr"><br></div><div dir=3D"ltr"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div style=3D"f=
ont-family:georgia,serif"><i style=3D"color:rgb(0,0,0);font-size:large;font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;background-color:transparent">UN warns =
Palestinian children &#39;defenceless&#39; amid Israeli crackdown on NGOs</=
i></div><div style=3D"font-family:georgia,serif"><div><img src=3D"cid:ii_mq=
r3ugw10" alt=3D"image.png" width=3D"412" height=3D"232"><br></div><div styl=
e=3D"max-width:100%;margin-bottom:1.15em;line-height:1.5em;font-family:-app=
le-system-font;color:rgba(0,0,0,0.65)"><img alt=3D"" style=3D"max-width:non=
e;margin:auto;display:block;height:auto;clear:both;width:1050px"><b style=
=3D"color:rgb(27,27,27);font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><a href=3D=
"https://www.middleeasteye.net/countries/palestine" style=3D"text-decoratio=
n:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">Palestinian<=
/a><span>=C2=A0</span>children are &quot;increasingly unprotected&quot;, as=
<span>=C2=A0</span><a href=3D"https://www.middleeasteye.net/countries/israe=
l" style=3D"text-decoration:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" targ=
et=3D"_blank">Israel</a><span>=C2=A0</span>forces human rights organisation=
s to cease or curtail work across the occupied Palestinian territories, the=
 United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child<span>=C2=A0</span><a h=
ref=3D"https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2026/06/occupied-palestinian=
-territory-children-left-defenceless-rights-groups-are" style=3D"text-decor=
ation:none;color:rgb(65,110,210);max-width:100%" target=3D"_blank">warned</=
a><span>=C2=A0</span>on Monday.=C2=A0</b></div><p style=3D"max-width:100%;c=
olor:rgb(27,27,27);font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b>The committe=
e condemned Israel&#39;s designation of civil society groups as &quot;terro=
rists&quot;. Labelling NGOs as terrorist entities gives Israel legal cover =
to obstruct humanitarian work, including military raids, travel bans, perso=
nal financial sanctions, threats of arrest, destruction of records and, in =
some cases, &quot;threats of secondary sanctions against partners&quot;.=C2=
=A0</b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27);font-family:&quot=
;Times New Roman&quot;"><b>The committee is made up of a body of 18 indepen=
dent experts that work within the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Hu=
man Rights (UN OHCHR).</b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27=
);font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b>The warning doesn&#39;t name =
any of the organisations they are alluding to, but in 2021 Israel outlawed =
six major Palestinian NGOs, including Adameer, Al-Haq, Bisan Center for Res=
earch and Development, Defense for Children International - Palestine, Unio=
n of Agricultural Work Committees and the Union of Palestinian Women&#39;s =
Committees.=C2=A0</b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27);fon=
t-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b>In January of this year, more than=
 50 international NGOs operating in occupied Palestine warned that recent r=
egistration measures imposed by Israel threatened to halt operations at a t=
ime of acute humanitarian need in Gaza.=C2=A0</b></p><p style=3D"max-width:=
100%;color:rgb(27,27,27);font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b>On 30 =
December, 37 NGOs received an official notification that their registration=
s would expire the next day, triggering a two-month period after which they=
 would be required to cease operations in Gaza, as well as the occupied Wes=
t Bank and East Jerusalem.</b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,2=
7,27);font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b>Israel&#39;s Ministry of =
Diaspora Affairs announced the ban on Tuesday, saying that organisations th=
at had failed to meet their &quot;security and transparency requirements&qu=
ot; would have their licences suspended.=C2=A0</b></p><p style=3D"max-width=
:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27);font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b>The m=
inistry said the ban would also apply to those who &quot;refused to submit =
a list of their Palestinian employees in order to rule out any links to ter=
rorism&quot;.</b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27);font-fa=
mily:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b>&quot;Recent efforts to assess the imp=
act of deregistering INGOs through selective metrics do not capture how hum=
anitarian assistance is delivered in practice,&quot; the 53 NGOs jointly wr=
ote at the time.</b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27);font=
-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b>Israeli measures have made it nearl=
y impossible for these groups to ensure the safety of children and families=
 seeking critical assistance, leaving &quot;children defenceless&quot;, acc=
ording to UN OHCHR.</b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27);f=
ont-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b>&quot;For more than three decade=
s, these organisations have played a vital role in defending Palestinian ch=
ildren, including in the Israeli military courts, and in documenting grave =
violations against Palestinian children at the hands of Israeli forces,&quo=
t; the Committee said.</b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27=
);font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b>&quot;Without them, Palestini=
an children will be even less protected, and violations of their rights ris=
k continuing with impunity,&quot; it continued.=C2=A0</b></p><p style=3D"ma=
x-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27);font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><=
b>The UN OHCHR statement demanded Israel &quot;lift all restrictions and ob=
stacles facing child rights defenders&quot; in the occupied Palestinian ter=
ritories, and that the international community use &quot;all available mean=
s&quot; to hold Israeli authorities accountable for attacks and prioritise =
the rights of Palestinian children.</b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color=
:rgb(27,27,27);font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b>&quot;Despite gr=
ave risks and limited resources, child rights defenders have continued to s=
tand with Palestinian children and families in extraordinarily dangerous co=
nditions,&quot; the committee said. &quot;They must be protected, not punis=
hed.&quot;</b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27);font-famil=
y:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b>Israel has waged a severe crackdown on hu=
manitarian work throughout the occupied Palestinian territories since the c=
easefire came into effect in Gaza on 10 October, including a move to ban Do=
ctors Without Borders (MSF) after the organisation refused to provide a lis=
t of its Palestinian staff.</b></p><p style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,=
27,27);font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;"><b>In response to the Israe=
li government&#39;s targeting of the NGO, 17 international aid agencies pet=
itioned Israel&#39;s Supreme Court in February to block the move.</b></p><p=
 style=3D"max-width:100%;color:rgb(27,27,27);font-family:&quot;Times New Ro=
man&quot;"><b>While a court injunction currently permits their temporary co=
ntinuance, the Israeli government is attempting to halt their operations en=
tirely.</b></p></div></div>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>

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Subject: [Salon] Rep. Dan Goldman addresses Brooklyn coffee shop banning him
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tps://www.cnn.com/2026/06/23/politics/dan-goldman-poetica-coffee-shop-israe=
l?bt_ee=3DknDLlCjw4J75%2FHGu3IRzVEA8Q%2FUTe6CIghNDzW%2B8eN3lHtpZfrBtwlLj6Y6=
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<https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/23/politics/dan-goldman-poetica-coffee-shop-is=
rael?bt_ee=3DknDLlCjw4J75%2FHGu3IRzVEA8Q%2FUTe6CIghNDzW%2B8eN3lHtpZfrBtwlLj=
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5NjI2ODgwIn0%3D>

Rep. Dan Goldman addresses Brooklyn coffee shop banning him over his views
on Israel
ByNomaan Merchant
Updated 11 hr ago
<https://www.cnn.com/follow>
<?subject=3DCNN%20content%20share&body=3DCheck%20out%20this%20article%3A%0A=
https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2026%2F06%2F23%2Fpolitics%2Fdan-goldman-poetica=
-coffee-shop-israel>
[image: Rep. Dan Goldman stands at the US immigration court in Manhattan,
New York, on October 23, 2025.]
Rep. Dan Goldman stands at the US immigration court in Manhattan, New York,
on October 23, 2025.
David Delgado/Reuters

New York Rep. Dan Goldman called it =E2=80=9Csad=E2=80=9D that a Brooklyn c=
offee shop
apparently banned him with a viral social media post amid a heated
Democratic primary election that has focused heavily on the politics of
Israel=E2=80=99s war in Gaza.

Speaking to CNN=E2=80=99s Laura Coates on Monday, Goldman addressed his exp=
erience
at Poetica Coffee, which used its branded social media account to post a
photo Sunday of Goldman and a receipt of a refund, according to screenshots
of the shop=E2=80=99s posts that were widely shared Monday. Poetica Coffee =
has
since taken down its Instagram page.

=E2=80=9CI had such a nice interaction with the barista in the coffee shop,=
=E2=80=9D
Goldman said, echoing a comment he left on Poetica=E2=80=99s Instagram post=
. =E2=80=9CShe
was wearing a hijab, I didn=E2=80=99t know her, but she couldn=E2=80=99t ha=
ve been nicer
and allowed my daughter to go use the bathroom, and I honestly was so
grateful for her kindness that I felt like I should buy a coffee, and so I
did, and I gave her a large tip.=E2=80=9D


   -


[image: 6.22 thumb.jpg]
Rep. Goldman responds to NYC caf=C3=A9 banning him over his Israel stance
8:23

=E2=80=9CIt=E2=80=99s a reflection, I think, of a sad state of affairs that=
 without knowing
me, we could have had such a nice interaction,=E2=80=9D Goldman continued.

The since-deleted post from Poetica Coffee references the American Israel
Public Affairs Committee, saying to Goldman, =E2=80=9Cwe don=E2=80=99t need=
 your money
(it=E2=80=99s probably coming from AIPAC anyways).=E2=80=9D

=E2=80=9CHey Congressman Dan Goldman, we see that you stopped by our shop t=
oday for
a coffee,=E2=80=9D the deleted post reads. =E2=80=9CDo you see how it doesn=
=E2=80=99t taste like
genocide juice? Or are you still having a hard time telling the difference?=
=E2=80=9D

CNN has reached out to Poetica Coffee for comment.

Goldman is facing a tough primary challenge Tuesday from former city
comptroller Brad Lander, who is backed by Mayor Zohran Mamdani
<https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/22/politics/mamdani-aipac-new-york-primaries> =
and
highlighted Goldman=E2=80=99s past support from AIPAC whose involvement in
Democratic primaries has rankled progressives and candidates targeted by
AIPAC-affiliated groups.

Lander has referred to Israel=E2=80=99s offensive in Gaza following Hamas=
=E2=80=99 October
7, 2023, attacks as a genocide =E2=80=93 a claim the Israeli government den=
ies =E2=80=93
and called to restrict US military aid to Israel. He has accused Goldman of
being beholden to AIPAC.

About 1,200 people were killed and more than 250 others taken hostage by
Hamas on October 7, 2023. More than 70,000 people have been killed in Gaza
since the war began following Hamas=E2=80=99 attacks.

Speaking Monday, Goldman accused Lander of using AIPAC =E2=80=9Cas a dog wh=
istle=E2=80=9D
and said that he would =E2=80=9Crefuse to cave into that type of rhetoric a=
nd that
divisiveness.=E2=80=9D

=E2=80=9CI have many issues with Prime Minister (Benjamin) Netanyahu, but s=
imply
because I support the existence of Israel as a Jewish state, as the only
Jewish state, does not by any means, mean that I support everything that
government does,=E2=80=9D Goldman said. =E2=80=9CAnd in fact I do not and I=
=E2=80=99ve been very
open about that.=E2=80=9D

Lander issued a statement to The New York Times
<https://www.nytimes.com/2026/06/22/nyregion/coffee-shop-poetica-dan-goldma=
n-israel.html?eafs_enabled=3Dfalse>
denouncing
the coffee shop=E2=80=99s post.

=E2=80=9CThere are plenty of ways to lobby elected officials and express ou=
trage at
the votes they=E2=80=99ve taken without turning coffee shops into places pe=
ople
don=E2=80=99t feel welcome,=E2=80=9D Lander said.

Goldman also responded to Justice Department civil rights chief Harmeet
Dhillon=E2=80=99s announcement
<https://x.com/AAGDhillon/status/2069174058143420627> that
her division had opened an investigation into the coffee shop.

=E2=80=9CI would rather they spend their time and resources investigating
antisemitism against people who do not have a platform that I do, who are
not elected officials, who do not =E2=80=94 in some ways =E2=80=94 ask for =
this,=E2=80=9D he said.
=E2=80=9CI mean, I don=E2=80=99t ask for the antisemitism, but I=E2=80=99m =
a public figure and I
can accept the criticism.=E2=80=9D

*This story has been updated with additional information.*

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e=3D"2"><span style=3D"font-weight:normal"><a href=3D"https://www.cnn.com/2=
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<br></h1><h1 id=3D"m_-4846019673949870921gmail-maincontent" style=3D"font-w=
eight:700;font-size:55.8px;box-sizing:inherit;line-height:67.5px;padding:0p=
x 48px 0px 36px;border-left:12px solid rgb(204,0,0);margin:0px;display:flex=
"><br></h1><h1 id=3D"m_-4846019673949870921gmail-maincontent" style=3D"font=
-weight:700;font-size:55.8px;box-sizing:inherit;line-height:67.5px;padding:=
0px 48px 0px 36px;border-left:12px solid rgb(204,0,0);margin:0px;display:fl=
ex">Rep. Dan Goldman addresses Brooklyn coffee shop banning him over his vi=
ews on Israel</h1></div><div style=3D"font-weight:500;font-size:11.88px;box=
-sizing:inherit;text-transform:unset;padding-left:48px;border-radius:8px;li=
ne-height:20px"><div style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;display:flex"><div style=
=3D"box-sizing:inherit;display:flex"><div style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;font-=
size:14px;line-height:20px;margin:12px 0px 0px"><span style=3D"box-sizing:i=
nherit;column-gap:4px;display:inline-flex">By<span style=3D"box-sizing:inhe=
rit;display:inline-flex"><span style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;font-weight:inhe=
rit">Nomaan Merchant</span></span></span></div><div style=3D"box-sizing:inh=
erit;display:inline-flex"><div style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;color:rgb(213,0,=
0);line-height:20px;text-transform:uppercase;margin-top:0px;display:flex"><=
div style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;color:rgb(12,12,12);line-height:20px;displa=
y:flex"><span style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;line-height:20px">Updated 11 hr a=
go</span><span style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;=
width:14px;height:20px;display:block;background:url(&quot;&quot;) 0px 0px/c=
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zing:inherit"></div></div></div><div style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;height:aut=
o;margin-bottom:24px;display:flex"><div style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;border:=
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<div style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;width:660px"></div><div style=3D"box-sizin=
g:inherit;width:660px"></div><div style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;width:660px">=
</div><div style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;border-width:medium;border-style:non=
e;border-color:currentcolor;margin:0px;padding:0px"><div style=3D"box-sizin=
g:inherit;height:fit-content;border-radius:4px;width:660px;margin-bottom:24=
px;display:flex;border-bottom:0px;padding-bottom:0px;max-width:660px"><div =
style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;margin-bottom:0px;display:flex"><span style=3D"=
box-sizing:inherit;width:660px"><img src=3D"https://media.cnn.com/api/v1/im=
ages/stellar/prod/2025-10-23t195901z-1612977377-rc2thhau0n73-rtrmadp-3-migr=
ation-usa-new-york.JPG?c=3Doriginal&amp;q=3Dw_860,c_fill" alt=3D"Rep. Dan G=
oldman stands at the US immigration court in Manhattan, New York, on Octobe=
r 23, 2025." height=3D"2669" width=3D"4003" style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;bor=
der-radius:8px;width:660px;height:446.242px;max-width:660px"></span></div><=
div style=3D"box-sizing:inherit"><div style=3D"box-sizing:inherit"><div sty=
le=3D"box-sizing:inherit;color:rgb(110,110,110);font-family:noto_serif,Geor=
gia,&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;font-size:14px;line-height:20px;max-w=
idth:660px;margin-top:8px"><div style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;line-height:20p=
x;display:inline"><span style=3D"box-sizing:inherit">Rep. Dan Goldman stand=
s at the US immigration court in Manhattan, New York, on October 23, 2025.<=
/span>=C2=A0</div>David Delgado/Reuters</div></div></div></div></div><div s=
tyle=3D"box-sizing:inherit"><div style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;margin-right:0=
px;width:660px;max-width:910px"><p style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;color:rgb(12=
,12,12);font-family:noto_serif,Georgia,&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;li=
ne-height:32px;margin-bottom:24px;max-width:660px">New York Rep. Dan Goldma=
n called it =E2=80=9Csad=E2=80=9D that a Brooklyn coffee shop apparently ba=
nned him with a viral social media post amid a heated Democratic primary el=
ection that has focused heavily on the politics of Israel=E2=80=99s war in =
Gaza.</p><p style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;color:rgb(12,12,12);font-family:not=
o_serif,Georgia,&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;line-height:32px;margin-b=
ottom:24px;max-width:660px">Speaking to CNN=E2=80=99s Laura Coates on Monda=
y, Goldman addressed his experience at Poetica Coffee, which used its brand=
ed social media account to post a photo Sunday of Goldman and a receipt of =
a refund, according to screenshots of the shop=E2=80=99s posts that were wi=
dely shared Monday. Poetica Coffee has since taken down its Instagram page.=
</p><p style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;color:rgb(12,12,12);font-family:noto_ser=
if,Georgia,&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;line-height:32px;margin-bottom=
:24px;max-width:660px">=E2=80=9CI had such a nice interaction with the bari=
sta in the coffee shop,=E2=80=9D Goldman said, echoing a comment he left on=
 Poetica=E2=80=99s Instagram post. =E2=80=9CShe was wearing a hijab, I didn=
=E2=80=99t know her, but she couldn=E2=80=99t have been nicer and allowed m=
y daughter to go use the bathroom, and I honestly was so grateful for her k=
indness that I felt like I should buy a coffee, and so I did, and I gave he=
r a large tip.=E2=80=9D</p><div style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;width:660px;mar=
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olor:rgb(255,255,255);background:0px 0px"><div style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;=
margin-bottom:24px"><div style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;display:flex;margin-bo=
ttom:24px"><span style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;width:100%;height:0px;display:=
contents"><img src=3D"https://media.cnn.com/api/v1/images/stellar/prod/6-22=
-thumb.jpg?c=3D16x9&amp;q=3Dw_860,c_fill" alt=3D"6.22 thumb.jpg" height=3D"=
1080" width=3D"1920" style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;object-fit:cover;width:660=
px;height:371.25px"></span></div><div style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;display:g=
rid"></div></div><div style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;background:linear-gradien=
t(rgba(0,0,0,0) 69.72%,rgba(0,0,0,0.8) 98.49%);width:660px;height:371.25px;=
display:flex"><div style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;padding:16px;display:flex"><=
div style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;background:rgba(0,0,0,0.5);border:1px solid=
 rgba(255,255,255,0.5);border-radius:144px;width:64px;height:64px;display:f=
lex"></div><div style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;display:flex"><div style=3D"box=
-sizing:inherit;overflow:hidden"><div style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;font-size=
:16px;font-weight:700;line-height:20px">Rep. Goldman responds to NYC caf=C3=
=A9 banning him over his Israel stance</div></div><div style=3D"box-sizing:=
inherit;font-size:12px;line-height:16px"><span role=3D"img" aria-label=3D"8=
 minutes 23 seconds" style=3D"box-sizing:inherit">8:23</span><span style=3D=
"box-sizing:inherit"></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><p style=3D=
"box-sizing:inherit;color:rgb(12,12,12);font-family:noto_serif,Georgia,&quo=
t;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;line-height:32px;margin-bottom:24px;max-width=
:660px">=E2=80=9CIt=E2=80=99s a reflection, I think, of a sad state of affa=
irs that without knowing me, we could have had such a nice interaction,=E2=
=80=9D Goldman continued.</p><p style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;color:rgb(12,12=
,12);font-family:noto_serif,Georgia,&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;line-=
height:32px;margin-bottom:24px;max-width:660px">The since-deleted post from=
 Poetica Coffee references the American Israel Public Affairs Committee, sa=
ying to Goldman, =E2=80=9Cwe don=E2=80=99t need your money (it=E2=80=99s pr=
obably coming from AIPAC anyways).=E2=80=9D</p><p style=3D"box-sizing:inher=
it;color:rgb(12,12,12);font-family:noto_serif,Georgia,&quot;Times New Roman=
&quot;,serif;line-height:32px;margin-bottom:24px;max-width:660px">=E2=80=9C=
Hey Congressman Dan Goldman, we see that you stopped by our shop today for =
a coffee,=E2=80=9D the deleted post reads. =E2=80=9CDo you see how it doesn=
=E2=80=99t taste like genocide juice? Or are you still having a hard time t=
elling the difference?=E2=80=9D</p><p style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;color:rgb=
(12,12,12);font-family:noto_serif,Georgia,&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif=
;line-height:32px;margin-bottom:24px;max-width:660px">CNN has reached out t=
o Poetica Coffee for comment.</p><p style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;color:rgb(1=
2,12,12);font-family:noto_serif,Georgia,&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;l=
ine-height:32px;margin-bottom:24px;max-width:660px">Goldman is facing a tou=
gh primary challenge Tuesday from former city comptroller Brad Lander, who =
is backed by=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://www.cnn.com/2026/06/22/politics/mamdan=
i-aipac-new-york-primaries" style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;color:rgb(12,12,12)=
;line-height:30px;text-decoration-style:solid" target=3D"_blank">Mayor Zohr=
an Mamdani</a>=C2=A0and highlighted Goldman=E2=80=99s past support from AIP=
AC whose involvement in Democratic primaries has rankled progressives and c=
andidates targeted by AIPAC-affiliated groups.</p><p style=3D"box-sizing:in=
herit;color:rgb(12,12,12);font-family:noto_serif,Georgia,&quot;Times New Ro=
man&quot;,serif;line-height:32px;margin-bottom:24px;max-width:660px">Lander=
 has referred to Israel=E2=80=99s offensive in Gaza following Hamas=E2=80=
=99 October 7, 2023, attacks as a genocide =E2=80=93 a claim the Israeli go=
vernment denies =E2=80=93 and called to restrict US military aid to Israel.=
 He has accused Goldman of being beholden to AIPAC.</p><p style=3D"box-sizi=
ng:inherit;color:rgb(12,12,12);font-family:noto_serif,Georgia,&quot;Times N=
ew Roman&quot;,serif;line-height:32px;margin-bottom:24px;max-width:660px">A=
bout 1,200 people were killed and more than 250 others taken hostage by Ham=
as on October 7, 2023. More than 70,000 people have been killed in Gaza sin=
ce the war began following Hamas=E2=80=99 attacks.</p><p style=3D"box-sizin=
g:inherit;color:rgb(12,12,12);font-family:noto_serif,Georgia,&quot;Times Ne=
w Roman&quot;,serif;line-height:32px;margin-bottom:24px;max-width:660px">Sp=
eaking Monday, Goldman accused Lander of using AIPAC =E2=80=9Cas a dog whis=
tle=E2=80=9D and said that he would =E2=80=9Crefuse to cave into that type =
of rhetoric and that divisiveness.=E2=80=9D</p><p style=3D"box-sizing:inher=
it;color:rgb(12,12,12);font-family:noto_serif,Georgia,&quot;Times New Roman=
&quot;,serif;line-height:32px;margin-bottom:24px;max-width:660px">=E2=80=9C=
I have many issues with Prime Minister (Benjamin) Netanyahu, but simply bec=
ause I support the existence of Israel as a Jewish state, as the only Jewis=
h state, does not by any means, mean that I support everything that governm=
ent does,=E2=80=9D Goldman said. =E2=80=9CAnd in fact I do not and I=E2=80=
=99ve been very open about that.=E2=80=9D</p><p style=3D"box-sizing:inherit=
;color:rgb(12,12,12);font-family:noto_serif,Georgia,&quot;Times New Roman&q=
uot;,serif;line-height:32px;margin-bottom:24px;max-width:660px">Lander issu=
ed a statement to=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://www.nytimes.com/2026/06/22/nyregi=
on/coffee-shop-poetica-dan-goldman-israel.html?eafs_enabled=3Dfalse" style=
=3D"box-sizing:inherit;color:rgb(12,12,12);line-height:30px;text-decoration=
-style:solid" target=3D"_blank">The New York Times</a>=C2=A0denouncing the =
coffee shop=E2=80=99s post.</p><p style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;color:rgb(12,=
12,12);font-family:noto_serif,Georgia,&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;lin=
e-height:32px;margin-bottom:24px;max-width:660px">=E2=80=9CThere are plenty=
 of ways to lobby elected officials and express outrage at the votes they=
=E2=80=99ve taken without turning coffee shops into places people don=E2=80=
=99t feel welcome,=E2=80=9D Lander said.</p><p style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;=
color:rgb(12,12,12);font-family:noto_serif,Georgia,&quot;Times New Roman&qu=
ot;,serif;line-height:32px;margin-bottom:24px;max-width:660px">Goldman also=
 responded to Justice Department civil rights chief Harmeet Dhillon=E2=80=
=99s=C2=A0<a href=3D"https://x.com/AAGDhillon/status/2069174058143420627" s=
tyle=3D"box-sizing:inherit;color:rgb(12,12,12);line-height:30px;text-decora=
tion-style:solid" target=3D"_blank">announcement</a>=C2=A0that her division=
 had opened an investigation into the coffee shop.</p><p style=3D"box-sizin=
g:inherit;color:rgb(12,12,12);font-family:noto_serif,Georgia,&quot;Times Ne=
w Roman&quot;,serif;line-height:32px;margin-bottom:24px;max-width:660px">=
=E2=80=9CI would rather they spend their time and resources investigating a=
ntisemitism against people who do not have a platform that I do, who are no=
t elected officials, who do not =E2=80=94 in some ways =E2=80=94 ask for th=
is,=E2=80=9D he said. =E2=80=9CI mean, I don=E2=80=99t ask for the antisemi=
tism, but I=E2=80=99m a public figure and I can accept the criticism.=E2=80=
=9D</p><p style=3D"box-sizing:inherit;color:rgb(12,12,12);font-family:noto_=
serif,Georgia,&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif;line-height:32px;margin-bot=
tom:24px;max-width:660px"><em style=3D"box-sizing:inherit">This story has b=
een updated with additional information.</em></p></div></div></div><div><br=
></div></div>
</div></div>

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